丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物碳-碳双键的选择性加氢

丁二烯－丙烯腈共聚物碳－碳双键的选择性加氢张邦华,王光,周庆业,郝广杰,宋谋道,张莹（南开大学高分子化学研究所,天津,３０００７１）关键词丁二烯－丙烯腈共聚物,氯化三苯基膦铑,均相催化,选择性加氢通过催化加氢对不饱和高聚物进行化学改性是提高大分子的物...     

分散型纳米二硫化钼的制备及其对模拟油浆的加氢处理催化性能

以二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（Mo-DTC）和六羰基钼（Mo（CO）₆）为前驱体、水热法合成了分散型纳米MoS₂,采用X-ray射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）和程序升温脱附法（NH₃-TPD）等方法对其进行了表征。利用三种烯烃（辛烯、苯乙烯、反式二苯乙烯）、苯并噻吩和蒽等构建模拟油浆体系,结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析,对分散型纳米MoS₂的模拟油浆加氢处理催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,不同预处理条件下制备出的催化活性样品均为2H-MoS₂,但各样品的结晶度、颗粒尺寸、硫化程度及其酸性质等均有所不同,其中,总酸量差别较小;以Mo-DTC和Mo（CO）₆为前驱体的优选硫化条件分别为380℃/30 min 和370℃/30 min,所得到的催化剂对烯烃和噻吩的加氢活性较高。其中,Mo-DTC基纳米MoS₂催化剂的烯烃加氢饱和转化率高达98.10%,加氢脱硫率为94.51%,而蒽的部分加氢饱和转化率则较低,为29.47%,且无八氢蒽（8HN）或全氢蒽的生成。Mo（CO）₆基纳米MoS₂催化剂的加氢效果则略差,烯烃加氢饱和转化率为94.01%,加氢脱硫率为89.01%,对蒽的加氢饱和转化率为24.20%,无8HN或全氢蒽的生成。总体而言,由Mo-DTC所制备的MoS₂催化剂具有烯烃高效饱和、含硫化合物高效脱硫、芳烃浅度加氢饱和的效果,且油浆加氢处理反应的选择性及催化稳定性均更高。     

Sn-promoting mechanism for ketone hydrogenation over Rh/SiO2

Hydrogenation of acetophenone, 2-butanone, styrene and 1-hexene over Rh---Sn/SiO₂ in heterogeneous liquid phase reaction systems was studied by in situ EXAFS, FT-IR, TEM, analytical TEM, CO and H₂ adsorption measurements. The catalytic activity of Rh/SiO₂ for hydrogenation of acetophenone and 2-butanone increased by a factor of 5–500 by Sn addition, showing a maximum activity at surface composition Sn_s/Rh_s = 1.5, whereas hydrogenation of styrene and 1-hexene decreased monotonously and drastically by Sn addition. In situ Sn K-edge EXAFS of the well characterized CVD-Rh---Sn/SiO₂ catalyst prepared by using Sn(CH₃)₄ vapor suggested that oxygen of C=O group makes a bond with Sn atom upon acetophenone adsorption.     

钯-高分子载体催化剂对糠醛加氢液相反应的研究

以弱碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂[D392,-NH₂,D382,-NHCH₃,D301R,-NH(CH₃)₂],强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂[201×7DVB,-NH⁺(CH₃)₃]和弱碱性环氧系阴离子交换树脂(701,-NH₂)为载体制备了3种钯-高分子载体催化剂.考察了反应条件、高分子载体的种类、钯含量和催化剂用量对糠醛催化加氢生成四氢糠醇反应及催化性能的影响.在体积分数为50%的乙醇-水溶液和水中对糠醛常压液相加氢反应,钯-高分子载体(阴离子交换树脂D392,-NH₂,D382,-NHCH₃)催化剂均可使糠醛的加氢反应转化率达100%,生成四氢糠醇的选择性达98%以上,而用金属钯为催化剂的转化率达70%以上,选择性达97%以上.同时用XPS分析了高分子载体催化剂的结构与催化加氢反应性能的关系.     

ZnSO_4和La_2O_3作共修饰剂单金属Ru催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯

用沉淀法制备了单金属纳米Ru(0)催化剂,考察了ZnSO4和La2O3作共修饰剂对该催化剂催化苯选择加氢制环己烯性能的影响,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、透射电镜(TEM)和N2物理吸附等手段对加氢前后催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在ZnSO4存在下,随着添加碱性La2O3量的增加,ZnSO4水解生成的(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)x(x=1,3)盐量增加,催化剂活性单调降低,环己烯选择性单调升高.当La2O3/Ru物质的量比为0.075时,Ru催化剂上苯转化率为77.6%,环己烯选择性和收率分别为75.2%和58.4%.且该催化体系具有良好的重复使用性能.传质计算结果表明,苯、环己烯和氢气的液-固扩散限制和孔内扩散限制都可忽略.因此,高环己烯选择性和收率的获得不能简单归结为物理效应,而与催化剂的结构和催化体系密切相关.根据实验结果,我们推测在化学吸附有(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)x(x=1,3)盐的Ru(0)催化剂有两种活化苯的活性位:Ru0和Zn2+.因为Zn2+将部分电子转移给了Ru,Zn2+活化苯的能力比Ru0弱.同时由于Ru和Zn2+的原子半径接近,Zn2+可以覆盖一部分Ru0活性位,导致解离H2的Ru0活性位减少.这导致了Zn2+上活化的苯只能加氢生成环己烯和Ru(0)催化剂活性的降低.本文利用双活性位模型来解释Ru基催化剂上的苯加氢反应,并用Hückel分子轨道理论说明了该模型的合理性.     

封装型Pt/SOD分子筛的合成及表征

基于封装型贵金属分子筛的合成,充分利用其择形性和氢溢流特性构建新型加氢催化剂,选定Pt作为活性组分,方钠石作为载体,通过水热合成法直接将金属前驱体Pt(NH_3)_4Cl_2引进SOD合成母液中进行晶化,合成了不同封装量的Pt/SOD分子筛。采用苯加氢反应测试样品的催化活性,并运用XRD、SEM、TEM和H_2-TPD对样品进行表征。结果表明,合成的不同封装量的Pt/SOD样品均具有良好的催化活性,与溢流氢受体HZSM-5间均具有良好的氢溢流效应。其中,当金属前驱体Pt(NH_3)_4Cl_2的用量为(Pt(NH_3)_4Cl_2)∶(Si-Algel)比为0.030 g/g时,所合成的Pt/SOD样品最佳,催化苯加氢反应的苯转化率可达54.38%。     

同晶取代法制备Cu-Ni双金属催化剂及其催化CO加氢合成乙醇性能

采用定向同晶取代法制备了一系列镍孔雀石前驱体的Cu-Ni双金属催化剂。考察了前驱体结构以及催化剂表面组成对催化剂催化性能的影响,并采用浆态床反应器对催化剂的CO加氢制乙醇性能进行评价。实验结果表明,采用定向同晶取代法可以制备出（Cu,Ni）₂CO₃（OH）₂纯物相,取代后的Ni²⁺主要富集在前驱体（Cu,Ni）₂CO₃（OH）₂表面。焙烧后形成的（Cu_x,Ni_1-x）O固溶体均匀地分散在CuO晶体结构中。还原后的催化剂中Cu、Ni相互均匀分散形成活性界面,促进了低碳醇的合成。其中,不连续分布的Ni活性位点阻止了碳链的进一步增长,从而提高了乙醇选择性。当Ni/Cu原料比为45：100时,（Cu_x,Ni_1-x）O固溶体与CuO之间有较强的相互作用,表现出最好的反应活性和乙醇选择性。     

Modified silicas as supports for single-site zirconocene catalysts

The reactivity of Cp₂ZrCl₂ towards partially dehydroxylated silica was evaluated and the effects of chemical modification of this silica were studied. Different modified silicas were prepared by reaction of the original partially dehydroxylated silica with silicon ethers, EtOSiMe₃ and (Me₃Si)₂O, or a silazane, (Me₃Si)₂NH. The resulting materials were activated with MAO and the catalytic systems were evaluated in ethylene polymerization. The different reactions were monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis as well as by infrared and UV–vis spectroscopy. Grafting of organosilanes occurs by reaction with reactive siloxane bridges. The new SiR₃ groups formed on the surface react with Cp₂ZrCl₂ to form volatile ClSiMe₃ and oxo zirconium species. These latter species are active, after the addition of MAO, in ethylene polymerization. The effects caused by changing the nature of the modifier in the grafting reaction with the metallocene, as well as the catalytic activities of the resulting materials, are presented and discussed.     

以NiAl-NO3-LDH为前驱体制备Ni-Al2O3催化剂及其催化乙酰丙酸加氢性能

以NO₃^-插层类水滑石（NiAl-NO₃-LDH）为前驱体制备了一系列不同Ni/Al摩尔比的Ni-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了其催化乙酰丙酸液相加氢性能.表征结果表明,随着Ni/Al摩尔比的增加,类水滑石层板结构中存在的游离态γ-AlOOH物种逐步演变为游离的Ni（OH）₂物种,制备的催化剂中金属-载体相互作用逐渐减弱,Ni物种分散度逐渐降低,表面酸性中心数量先增多后减少;当Ni/Al摩尔比为3时,所制备的催化剂表面具有最丰富的酸性中心和加氢中心.在酸性中心和加氢中心的协同作用下,该催化剂表现出优异的催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯性能及良好的使用稳定性.在160℃,4 MPa氢气条件下反应5 h时,γ-戊内酯的收率最高可达92.7%.     

LaCoO3对H2S选择氧化性能的影响

使用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LaCoO₃催化剂,采用XRD、BET和XPS等方式对催化剂进行了表征,考察了该催化剂制备过程中煅烧温度、表面活性剂PEG-6000和PEG-20000含量对其H₂S选择氧化制硫磺反应催化活性的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂PEG-6000及PEG-20000的添加能明显提高LaCoO₃的催化活性。0.02 mol La（NO₃）₃+0.02mol Co（NO₃）₂溶液中添加0.30 g PEG-20000、煅烧温度为650℃时所制备的LaCoO₃催化活性最好;在最佳反应温度260℃下,H₂S的转化率达到96.10%,硫选择性为93.77%。     

M/(MgO)y(CeO2)1－y(M=Ni、Co、Cu)催化剂的催化甲烷燃烧性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了M/(MgO)_y(CeO2)_1－y(M=Ni、Co、Cu)催化剂. 研究了催化剂Ni/(MgO)y(CeO₂)_1－y催化活性与Ce含量的关系, 当y＝0.9时, 催化剂的活性和稳定性最好. 对比研究了(MgO)_0.9(CeO2)_0.1为载体, 负载Ni、Co、Cu活性组分的催化剂催化甲烷燃烧性能. 结果表明, 负载Cu的催化剂活性最好, 但二次评价后催化剂已烧结；负载Ni的催化剂活性与负载Cu的催化剂相差不大, 且稳定性最好, 经1000 ℃焙烧的Ni/(MgO)_0.9(CeO2)_0.1催化剂比表面仍有14.32 m₂•g^－1, 具有较高的催化活性和很好的热稳定性；负载Co的催化剂活性不如前两者, 稳定性居中, 但比表面降低得最少, 抗烧结能力强.     

蒸氨压力对Cu/SiO_2催化剂的影响及其草酸二甲酯加氢性能

以Si O2为载体,铜氨溶液为前驱体,采用蒸氨法在不同蒸氨压力下制备了系列铜负载量质量分数为20.0%的Cu/Si O2催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、H2-程序升温还(H2-TPR)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线诱导俄歇电子能谱(XAES)等技术手段对催化剂的物理化学性能进行了表征。考察了蒸氨速率对催化剂物化结构及其草酸二甲酯催化加氢制乙二醇的催化性能影响。在反应温度200℃、压力3.0 MPa、液时空速LHSV=0.4 h-1、氢气草酸二甲酯摩尔比80∶1的反应条件下测定了催化剂的活性。结果表明,在蒸氨压力为31.3 k Pa条件下制备的催化剂表现出了最佳活性和选择性,草酸二甲酯转化率达到了99.9%,乙二醇选择性达94.4%。H2-TPR、XRD、TEM、FTIR及XAES表征结果表明,较低蒸氨压力有利于铜氨离子快速分解负载在载体上,避免铜粒子聚集长大,还原后形成Cu2O和Cu0物种颗粒尺寸较小,分散比较均匀,催化活性,尤其是乙二醇的选择性更佳。     

铈源对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢CuO/CeO2催化剂的影响

采用沉淀法合成了CeO_2载体,再经浸渍法负载活性组分得到CuO/CeO_2催化材料,探究了铈源(Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O、Ce Cl_3·6H_2O、Ce(NH_4)_2(NO_3)_6、Ce(SO_4)_2·4H_2O)对CuO/CeO_2催化性能的影响。通过采用XRD、SEM、N_2O滴定、BET和H_2-TPR等表征手段对催化材料的结构和性质研究发现,四种铈源合成的CuO/CeO_2催化材料在Cu比表面积、还原性能以及活性组分和载体间的相互作用方面存在着明显差别。其中,由Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O合成的CuO/CeO_2催化材料的Cu比表面积较大,CuO还原温度较低,CeO_2载体与CuO之间相互作用较强,在甲醇水蒸气重整反应过程中,表现出较佳的催化活性,在反应温度为553 K,水醇比n(H_2O)/n(MeOH)为1.2,甲醇水蒸气气体空速(GHSV)为1760 h~(-1)时,甲醇的转化率为100%,重整气中CO摩尔含量为0.84%。     

Synthesis, structure and hydrogenation catalytic activity of [Ru3(μ3,η-ampy)(μ,η:η-PhC=CHPh)(CO)6(PPh3) (Hampy = 2-amino-6-methylpyridine)

The compound [RU₃(μ₃,η²- -ampy)(μ₃η¹:η²-PhC=CHPh)(CO)₆(PPh₃)₂] (1) (ampy = 2-amino-6-methylpyridinate) has been prepared by reaction of [RU₃(η-H)(μ₃,η²- ampy) (μ,η¹:η²-PhC=CHPh)(CO)₇(PPh₃)] with triphenylphosphine at room temperature. However, the reaction of [RU₃(μ-H)(μ₃, η² -ampy)(CO)₇(PPh₃)₂] with diphenylacetylene requires a higher temperature (110°C) and does not give complex 1 but the phenyl derivative [RU₃(μ₃,η²-ampy)(μ,η ¹:η² -PhC=CHPh)(μ,-PPh₂)(Ph)(CO)₅(PPh₃)] (2). The thermolysis of complex 1 (110°C) also gives complex 2 quantitatively. Both 1 and 2 have been characterized by0 X-ray diffraction methods. Complex 1 is a catalyst precursor for the homogeneous hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene to a mixture of cis- and trans -stilbene under mild conditions (80°C, 1 atm. of H₂), although progressive deactivation of the catalytic species is observed. The dihydride [RU₃(μ-H)₂(μ ₃,η²-ampy)(μ,η¹:η²- PhC=CHPh)(CO)₅(PPh₃)₂] (3), which has been characterized spectroscopically, is an intermediate in the catalytic hydrogenation reaction.     

Synthesis of PEG–iridium conjugates and their use as hydrogenation catalysts in a water/substrate two-phase medium

New syntheses of PEG-(OCH₂C₅H₄N)₂ and PEG-(OC₆H₄PPh₂)₂ (PEG: poly(ethylene glycol)) conjugates are reported. An iridium hydrogenation catalyst 1, is shown to catalyze hydrogenation in a water/substrate two-phase system. Attachment of 1 to PEG to make 2 and 3 succeeds in making the complex water-soluble and allows it to retain some of its catalytic ability, but leads to micelle formation that inhibits the separation of organic and aqueous phases.     

高被引文章

A Cu₃(BTC)₂ (copper(Ⅱ) benzene 1, 3, 5-tricarboxylate) metal organic framework (MOF) catalyst was successfully prepared through an electrochemical route and used for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO_x) with NH₃ for the first time. After systematically optimizing the reaction conditions such as solvents, voltage, electrolyte concentration, and reaction time, pure Cu₃(BTC)₂ with high crystallinity was obtained in 97.2% yield. The physicochemical properties of the catalyst were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TGA results indicated that the framework was stable up to 310℃. The catalytic activity of Cu₃(BTC)₂ was evaluated using NO conversion as a model reaction. The Cu₃(BTC)₂ activation temperature significantly affected the catalytic activity. The Cu₃(BTC)₂ sample activated at 240℃ had the best catalytic activity and gave NO conversion of 90% at 220-280℃. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on the in situ FTIR spectroscopy results.     

Organotin-oxometalate coordination polymer catalyzed oxyfunctionalization of monoterpenes

The organotin-oxometalate coordination polymers [(nBu₃Sn)₂MO₄]·nH₂O (where, M = Mo or W) were prepared by the interaction of nBu₃SnCl with sodium salts of molybdate or tungstate and tested in oxyfunctionalization of monoterpenes with urea hydroperoxide (UHP) as an oxidizing agent. The oxyfunctionalization of monoterpenes gave commercially important products such as epoxides, ketones and hydroxyl derivatives. Among the two catalyst, organotin-oxomolybdate [(nBu₃Sn)₂MoO₄] showed higher activities and epoxide selectivities under selected liquid phase oxyfunctionalization conditions with most of the monoterpenes such as limonene, -pinene, β-pinene, carene, camphene, gerniol and linalool. The integrity of the organotin-oxometalates polymers were confirmed by X-ray diffraction BET surface area, FT-IR, FT-Raman, SEM, TG/DTA and MAS NMR (¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) analysis. The effects of reaction parameters on limonene conversions and product selectivities have been studied in detail using [(nBu₃Sn)₂MoO₄] catalyst. There was no leaching of the active catalyst into the reaction medium and catalyst was recyclable without loss in its activity in the oxidation reaction.     

The effects of catalyst composition on the catalytic production of dimethyl carbonate

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) by oxidative carbonylation of MeOH has been studied in the presence of various catalyst systems. The effect of catalyst composition on the catalytic activity and product composition is investigated. A three-component catalyst system composed of PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂, Cu(OMe)₂ and Me₄NCl shows synergy effects in terms of the MeOH conversion (26%) and DMC selectivity (95%). The reaction performed in the presence of a single-component catalyst PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ produces dimethoxy methane (DMM) as a major product with selectivity over 90%, while the addition of Me₄NCl or Cu(OMe)₂ to PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ results in the increase of DMC selectivity from 2% to 60%.     

肉桂醛催化选择加氢反应中双金属的协同效应

对既含有ＣＣ键又含有ＣＯ键的分子,ＣＣ键的选择加氢意义重大［１］．α,β不饱和醛选择加氢成饱和醛就属于此类．钯是已知的可在温和条件下将α,β不饱和醛选择加氢生成饱和醛最有效的催化剂之一．人们曾研究了不同钯化合物催化剂对α,β不饱和醛中ＣＣ的双键选择加...     

Ru-Ni/Al2O3催化马来酸二甲酯加氢性能研究

以Al₂O₃为载体,RuCl₃·xH₂O及Ni（NO₃）₂·6H₂O为活性组分前驱体,采用吸附-沉淀法制备系列Ru-Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂,以马来酸二甲酯（DMS）催化加氢为探针反应,考察了活化条件和Ni的添加量对催化剂性能的影响。随Ni负载量的升高,Ru-Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在Ni：Ru的原子比为6：1时（催化剂Ru₁Ni₆/Al）催化活性最高。催化剂Ru₁Ni₆/Al在氢气中200 ℃直接还原后的平均转化率与氢气中400 ℃还原后的平均转化率接近,达到了单组分Ru/Al催化剂的1.5倍以上。XPS、XRD、H₂-TPR数据表明,Ru与Ni之间发生了较强的相互作用,Ni的加入促进了金属Ru在载体上的分散,提高了催化活性。