微波辅助固相合成胸腺五肽的研究

在胸腺五肽的固相合成中, 引入微波辅助技术, 深入研究了微波作用下缩合试剂、溶剂、反应物浓度、反应时间和温度对产率的影响. 与传统方法相比, 微波将缩合反应速率提高了15倍以上, 氨基酸过量倍数也从传统的三倍降低到过量一倍, 减少胸腺五肽的合成成本约40%; 最终得到以吡啶/DMF为溶剂, 苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯为缩合试剂, 反应物浓度为0.113 mmol/L, 反应时间为4 min, 反应温度为20 ℃为最佳反应条件, 此时胸腺五肽的产率最高, 为88.7%.     

微波促进的取代酚类化合物的邻甲酰化反应研究

以4 氯苯酚（1a）为原料，研究了微波促进的取代酚类化合物的邻甲酰化反应。考察了催化剂种类及其用量、溶剂、1a与多聚甲醛摩尔比（r）、微波辐射功率和辐射时间等对反应的影响。结果表明：以THF为溶剂，MgCl₂/Et₃N（2.5 eq.）为催化剂，r=1/5，在400 W微波功率下辐射反应5 min, 5-氯-2-羟基苯甲醛（2a）的产率为85%,其结构经¹H NMR确证。该反应条件还适用于多种取代酚(1b~1f）的邻甲酰化反应，产率为78%~90%。     

微波促进活性炭负载四氯化锡催化合成乙酰乙酸乙酯缩酮

在微波辐射下,以活性炭负载四氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O/C)为催化剂,不用溶剂,合成了乙酰乙酸乙酯乙二醇缩酮和乙酰乙酸乙酯1,2-丙二醇缩酮。以乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇缩合为模型反应进行优化,其优化条件是:负载量为20%的SnCl4·5H2O/C催化剂0.1 g,乙酰乙酸乙酯5 mL,乙二醇6 mL,微波辐射功率600 W,辐射时间2.5 min,产率达81.6%。产物经过红外光谱表征。     

微波辐射下超细高岭土催化的肟类化合物的高效合成

以廉价易得的超细高岭土为催化剂,羰基类化合物和盐酸羟胺为原料, PEG-400为溶剂,在微波辐射的条件下高效地合成一系列肟类化合物,同时探究了催化剂、溶剂种类、反应时间、反应温度等条件对反应的影响,并对所得的产物进行了熔点、核磁、红外、质谱数据检测.该方法具有反应时间短(5～15min)、产率高、操作简便和环境友好等优点.另外,也初步探索了超细高岭土催化的微波辐射下肟交换反应及肟醚类化合物合成反应,产率分别为42%～67%与59%～72%.     

微波协同阳离子交换树脂催化合成阿魏酸乙酯

以732型强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,在微波辐射下用阿魏酸与乙醇酯化合成了阿魏酸乙酯.通过单因素实验,考察了催化剂活化方法对催化剂活性的影响,结果表明,微波法活化阳离子交换树脂的催化性能好.通过单因素实验和正交实验,考察了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、微波辐射时间、微波辐射功率等因素对反应的影响.确定了最佳反应工艺条件:阿魏酸0.1mol,酸醇摩尔比5:1,催化剂用量为反应物质量的35%,微波功率300w,反应时间30min,产率达84.2%.732型树脂催化剂可再生循环使用,重复使用4次,产率不低于80%.     

微波促进下含苯并杂环芳硫醚的合成

在微波辐射条件下,通过巯基唑类化合物与芳基碘化物的反应,得到了系列芳基硫醚化合物.当微波输出功率为30 W、溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、反应时间为15 min时产率可达88%.同时,通过高效液相色谱分析法分别对微波辐射和传统油浴加热条件下的反应结果进行了讨论,结果表明:微波辐射条件下,反应选择性高、时间短、副产物少.此方法有望成为一种高效、温和、对环境友好的合成芳基硫醚的方法.     

SiC管中微波辅助芳烃钌（Ⅱ）化合物[（η6-C6H6）Ru（H2iiP）Cl]Cl的合成

使用SiC管为反应容器,在微波辐射条件下以[(η6-C6H6)RuCl2]2为原料与2-(吲哚基)咪唑[4,5-f]-[1,10]菲啰啉(H2iiP)反应,制得芳烃钌(Ⅱ)化合物[(η6-C6H6)Ru(H2iiP)Cl]Cl(1),并对其进行了表征.采用正交实验法确定反应的最佳合成条件为:投料比n([(η6-C6H6)RuCl2]2)∶n(H2iiP)=1∶2.2,反应温度90℃,微波辐射时间30 min.该反应的平均产率达到96.0%,反应产率的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.28%,说明微波辐射条件下,在SiC管中能够高产率地制备芳烃钌化合物,并且反应具有良好的重现性.进一步采用MTT方法研究发现,芳烃钌(Ⅱ)化合物1能够选择性抑制MCF-7乳腺癌的生长.     

微波促进下1-芳甲酰基-4-(2′-苯并呋喃甲酰基)氨基硫脲及其衍生物的合成

微波辐射条件下 ,首先由 2 苯并呋喃甲酰氯在相转移条件下依次与硫氰酸铵和芳甲酰肼反应合成了一系列 1 芳甲酰基 4 ( 2′ 苯并呋喃甲酰基 )氨基硫脲 .进一步在微波辐射的条件下由这些氨基硫脲分别与碘酸钾、醋酸或醋酸汞等试剂作用高产率地制得了 1 芳甲酰基 4 ( 2′ 苯并呋喃甲酰基 )氨基脲、2 芳基 5 ( 2′ 苯并呋喃甲酰胺基 ) 1,3 ,4 噻二唑和 2 芳基 5 ( 2′ 苯并呋喃甲酰胺基 ) 1,3 ,4 二唑 .     

微波法合成1,ω-二(2,2-二氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-)烷烃类化合物

以浓硫酸为催化剂,氨基硫脲(1)与二元羧酸(2a～2d)在微波辐射下经环合反应合成了四种新型的1,ω-二(2,2-二氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-)烷烃类化合物,其结构经1H NMR和IR表征.最佳反应条件为:1 20mmol,n(1):n(2)=2.0:1.8,浓硫酸2.6 mL,中低火微波辐射6 min,产率77....     

基于MCM-41微反应器的微波辅助合成新方法研究

采用微波辐射合成法合成了纳米介孔分子筛MCM-41作为微反应器.以苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮的合成为实例,在甲苯介质中将邻羟基苯乙酸组装到MCM-41微反应器中,研究了溶液体系及微反应器中反应温度、反应时间及微波辐射时间对反应的影响.结果显示,在施加微波与不施加微波情况下,MCM-41微反应器中进行的反应较溶液体系中进行的反应产率提高了2～33与2～12倍.对于MCM-41微反应器中的反应,施加微波辐射后反应产率可进一步提高20%～100%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.