高品质ZnGeP2晶体光参量振荡元件及应用

在高纯ZnGeP2多晶批量合成基础上,采用垂直布里奇曼法生长出尺寸φ(40～50) mm× 140 mm的高品质单晶.切割出多种6mm×6mm×(16～30) mm规格的晶体元件,元件o偏振光2.05 μm吸收系数为0.01～0.03cm-1,通过光参量振荡技术实现中波(3～5μm)40W和远波(8～10 μmn)3W的激光输出.     

大尺寸ZnGeP2晶体生长与中红外光参量振荡

采用垂直布里奇曼方法生长了ZnGeP2单晶体,晶体毛坯尺寸达φ30 mm×120mm.晶体在2.05μm吸收系数0.05cm-1,3～8 μm吸收系数0.01cm-1,光损伤阈值2.0±0.3 J/ cm2.利用2.05μm Tm,Ho:CdVO4激光器为泵浦源,脉冲重复频率10 kHz.当泵浦功率16.3 W时,3～5μm光参最振荡输出8.7 W,光-光转换效率为53;,斜率效率为64;.     

ZnGeP2晶体轴向成分均匀性的XPS分析

通过改进ZnGeP2晶体的合成和生长工艺,获得了尺寸为φ24 mm×60 mm的ZnGeP2单晶体.采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对生长出的晶体轴向成分进行了分析.结果表明,晶体在籽晶、放肩和主体部分成分一致,在尾部存在X射线衍射(XRD)未能检测出的极少量的P和Ge的氧化物,说明生长出的ZnGeP2单晶体的轴向成分比较均匀.红外透过率测试显示,晶体的轴向各部分在3 ～8 μm波长范围内透过率均在56;以上,而尾部在近红外波段(1.3～2.6 μm)的吸收明显要高于其他各部分.     

红外非线性晶体ZnGeP2的生长及品质研究

采用高温元素反应法直接合成ZnGeP2多晶料,用竖式Bridgman法生长出ZnGeP2单晶,晶体棒毛坯尺寸达φ15×70mm3.对多晶料和单晶体进行了X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、低倍率红外显微镜、红外分光光度计检测;对晶体切片进行退火处理,使得在2μm吸收系数降到α＝0.10cm-1;加工出一块5×6×6.5mm3的晶体倍频元件,在一台射频激励CO2激光器上实现了从9.24μm到4.26μm的倍频.     

ZnGeP2单晶生长与安瓿设计研究

根据晶体自发成核几何淘汰规律,结合ZnGeP2晶体的结晶习性,研究设计出生长完整ZnGeP2单晶体的双层镀碳石英安瓿,其关键技术参数为:安瓿长径比6～7,籽晶袋长度≥25 mm,安瓿主体与籽晶袋之间的放肩角在25°左右.在上述生长安瓿中,采用改进的垂直布里奇曼法,分段控制下降速率,成功生长出尺寸为22 mm×40 mm的ZnGeP2单晶.对晶体进行X射线分析,获得(204)面单晶衍射谱和回摆谱,衍射峰峰形尖锐无劈裂,回摆谱对称性好,半峰宽为0.063 °;晶片在2～12 μm波段范围内的红外透过率达50;以上.实验结果表明,研究设计的生长安瓿适合于磷锗锌单晶生长,能够获得较高质量的单晶体.     

大尺寸ZnGeP2单晶生长与大尺寸晶体器件制备

磷锗锌(ZnGeP2,ZGP)晶体是一种性能十分优异的中红外非线性光学材料.本研究采用自制的双温区管式炉成功合成出高纯ZGP多晶,单次合成量达到600 g;采用超微梯度水平冷凝法(0.5 ～1℃/cm)成功生长出55 mm×30 mm×160 mm的大尺寸ZGP单晶;通过工艺优化、定向、切割、退火、抛光和高能束流辐照等处理工艺,成功实现大口径(12 mm×12 mm ×50 mm) ZGP晶体器件制备,器件在2.09 μm的吸收系数仅为0.03 cm-1,可以用于大能量和高平均功率红外激光输出.     

大尺寸长波红外非线性晶体CdSe生长及应用

利用压力辅助法合成批量、高纯CdSe多晶原料,进行籽晶定向高压布里奇曼法生长,制备出φ(50 ～ 55) mm×(80 ～ 100) mm高品质单晶棒,加工出多相位匹配角度、多规格尺寸(6 ～8)2×(40 ～50) mm3晶体元件.元件在2.1 μm、2.6 μm、10.8 μm等多波段o、e偏振光测试下,吸收系数分别≤0.02 cm-1、≤0.02 cm-1、≤0.01 cm-1,通过光参量振荡实验,元件在10.1～10.8 μm波段实现1.05W长波红外激光输出.     

ZnGeP2单晶生长温场研究

根据ZnGeP2(ZGP)晶体的生长特性,自行设计组装了三段式独立控温生长炉,优化了温场分布.采用改进的垂直布里奇曼法成功生长出外观完整、无裂纹的ZGP单晶体,尺寸达15 mm×35 mm.对晶体进行解理实验和X射线衍射分析,发现ZGP晶体易沿(101)面解理,其回摆峰尖锐无劈裂.对未经退火处理的晶片进行红外透过率测试,在2～12 μm波段内红外透过率达45;以上.研究结果表明所设计的温场适合于ZGP单晶生长,生长出的ZGP晶体完整性好、质量较高.     

磷锗锌晶体器件定向加工研究

研究报道了坩埚下降法自发成核生长的ZnGeP2(ZGP)晶体光学器件定向加工新方法.即首先结合晶体的易解理面((112)面、(101)面)和标准极图以及X射线衍射仪,快速寻找c轴方向,确定晶体的(001)面;再由相位匹配角、方位角以及(101)和(102)晶面确定ZGP晶体的通光面,定向切割加工得到ZGP光参量振荡(OPO)器件初坯,经X射线衍射仪修正角度和后续抛光镀膜处理,制备出11 mm×11 mm×22 mm的ZGP-OPO器件.采用2.1μm、7 kHz激光泵浦ZGP-OPO,实现了3～5 μm中红外调谐激光输出,功率达0.48 W.此方法不仅适用于ZGP晶体的定向加工,也适用于具有类似结构的其他晶体器件定向加工.     

两温区气相输运和机械振荡合成ZnGeP2多晶材料

ZnGeP2多晶的合成是其单晶生长的前提和基础,多晶材料的质量是生长高质量单晶的关键.因此,要获得高质量的ZnGeP2单晶体,必须提供高质量的ZnGeP2多晶材料.对两温区气相输运机械振荡法合成ZnGeP2多晶材料的工艺进行了研究,利用高纯(6N)P、Ge、Zn单质为原料,采用两温区气相输运和机械振荡合成出了ZnGeP2多晶材料.合成出的多晶材料经比重测试和X射线粉末衍射测试证明与标准值一致.采用改进的布里奇曼法生长出外观完整、无裂纹的φ15 mm × 25 mm单晶体,在2.5～10 μm范围内红外透过率达50;以上.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.