核科学百年讲座第六讲核科学技术在医学中的应用

文章介绍了核医学的发展历史及其在医学中的重大应用，介绍了核医学诊断、治疗的原理、特点以及核医学的几个重要分支学科．通过介绍，展示了核科学技术在人类医疗事业中的重大作用．     

计算机控制光学表面成型技术综述

介绍了计算机控制光学表面成型技术的原理基础，目前的进展及其将来的趋势。主要介绍美国、法国、俄罗斯的科学家在这项技术上的成果，也简单介绍了我国在这一领域的研究工作。最后提出了目前还存在的问题。     

塑料透镜在光学系统中的应用

本文对塑料透镜在光学系统中的应用进行了介绍,并对塑料透镜与玻璃透镜进行了比较。着重介绍了非球面塑料透镜在各种光学系统中的应用以及它所显示出的优越性。同时对塑料透镜的原材料、塑料透镜的设计、金属模具的设计和加工、塑料透镜的成型工艺和表面处理进行了介绍。最后还介绍了克服塑料透镜各种缺点应采取的措施。     

非晶态磁性合金的研究与应用

本文简要地介绍了国内外非晶态合金近年来的生产情况，介绍了非晶态合金在电力变压器方面应用的现状及其意义，列举了非晶态台金在电子变压器方面应用的实例，介绍了一些与非晶态磁性合金的应用密切相关的技术进展和研究工作，评述了非晶态磁性合金的发展前景．     

物理课堂教学对思维的训练

首先介绍了思维的定义及其被训练的必要性,之后介绍了思维被训练的可能性,然后介绍了物理学的 特点,分析了物理教学可以训练思维的原因,最后就如何在物理课堂教学中训练思维提出了自己的策略     

高分子共轭聚合物的结构和电子过程（I）：掺杂和电导

介绍了一类低维（准一维）材料——高分子共聚合物。在介绍其研究背景和现状的基础上，结合它们的结构，总结了其掺杂特点，并对掺杂机理作了重点的介绍和评述。     

研究意识问题的物理学途径

文章介绍了物理学理论和技术在研究意识问题中的应用进展。首先列出意识活动的一些主要特性，其次介绍新的仪器技术在确定意识的脑功能定位上的研究成果。最后介绍物理学的理论（特别是量子理论）在解释意识的机制上的作用，介绍信息理论在意识复杂性计算方面的应用。     

新奇半导体低维结构的自组织生长

文章介绍了自组织生长半导体量子线、量子点和量子环的进展，同时介绍了这些低维半导体材料在光电子和通信等领域应用情况。此外，对这些材料的一些测试方法也进行了介绍．     

结构生物学的新进展

文章概括地介绍了结构生物学在整个生命科学中的地位,结构生物学的研究内容和结构生物学的三种主要的研究方法[X射线单晶衍射方法,核磁共振（NMR）方法和电子显微方法],介绍了这三种方法在近年来所取得的新成果,重点介绍了冷冻电子显微技术结合计算机三维重构技术研究病毒三维结构的方法,特点以及所取得的成果,并简单介绍了物理学家在结构生物学研究中的作用。     

在扫描隧穿显微镜实验中开展研究性学习的教学与实践

介绍了在扫描隧穿显微镜实验中开展研究性学习的教学与实践．举例介绍了具体做法及取得的教学效果。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.