Lie algebraic characterization of manifolds

Results on characterization of manifolds in terms of certain Lie algebras growing on them, especially Lie algebras of differential operators, are reviewed and extended. In particular, we prove that a smooth (real-analytic, Stein) manifold is characterized by the corresponding Lie algebra of linear differential operators, i.e. isomorphisms of such Lie algebras are induced by the appropriate class of diffeomorphisms of the underlying manifolds. The research of Janusz Grabowski supported by the Polish Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology under the grant No. 2 P03A 020 24, that of Norbert Poncin by grant C.U.L./02/010.     

The classification of two step nilpotent complex Lie algebras of dimension 8

A Lie algebra g is called two step nilpotent if g is not abelian and [g, g] lies in the center of g. Two step nilpotent Lie algebras are useful in the study of some geometric problems, such as commutative Riemannian manifolds, weakly symmetric Riemannian manifolds, homogeneous Einstein manifolds, etc. Moreover, the classification of two-step nilpotent Lie algebras has been an important problem in Lie theory. In this paper, we study two step nilpotent indecomposable Lie algebras of dimension 8 over the field of complex numbers. Based on the study of minimal systems of generators, we choose an appropriate basis and give a complete classification of two step nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension 8.     

Poisson manifolds with compatible pseudo-metric and pseudo-Riemannian Lie algebras

In a previous paper (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I 333 (2001) 763–768), the author introduced a notion of compatibility between a Poisson structure and a pseudo-Riemannian metric. In this paper, we introduce a new class of Lie algebras called pseudo-Riemannian Lie algebras. The two notions are closely related: we prove that the dual of a Lie algebra endowed with its canonical linear Poisson structure carries a compatible pseudo-Riemannian metric if and only if the Lie algebra is a pseudo-Riemannian Lie algebra. Moreover, the Lie algebra obtained by linearizing at a point a Poisson manifold with a compatible pseudo-Riemannian metric is a pseudo-Riemannian Lie algebra. We also give some properties of the symplectic leaves of such manifolds, and we prove that every Poisson manifold with a compatible Riemannian metric is unimodular. Finally, we study Poisson Lie groups endowed with a compatible pseudo-Riemannian metric, and we give the classification of all pseudo-Riemannian Lie algebras of dimension 2 and 3.     

On the Construction of Geometric Integrators in the RKMK Class

We consider the construction of geometric integrators in the class of RKMK methods. Any differential equation in the form of an infinitesimal generator on a homogeneous space is shown to be locally equivalent to a differential equation on the Lie algebra corresponding to the Lie group acting on the homogeneous space. This way we obtain a distinction between the coordinate-free phrasing of the differential equation and the local coordinates used. In this paper we study methods based on arbitrary local coordinates on the Lie group manifold. By choosing the coordinates to be canonical coordinates of the first kind we obtain the original method of Munthe-Kaas [16]. Methods similar to the RKMK method are developed based on the different coordinatizations of the Lie group manifold, given by the Cayley transform, diagonal Padé approximants of the exponential map, canonical coordinates of the second kind, etc. Some numerical experiments are also given.     

Darboux coordinates onK-orbits and the spectra of Casimir operators on lie groups

We propose an algorithm for obtaining the spectra of Casimir (Laplace) operators on Lie groups. We prove that the existence of the normal polarization associated with a linear functional on the Lie algebra is necessary and sufficient for the transition to local canonical Darboux coordinates (p, q) on the coadjoint representation orbit that is linear in the “momenta.” We show that the λ-representations of Lie algebras (which are used, in particular, in integrating differential equations) result from the quantization of the Poisson bracket on the coalgebra in canonical coordinates. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp. 407–423, June, 2000.     

A-扩张Lie Rinehart代数

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief introduction to the category of Lie Rinehart algebras and introduces the concept of smooth manifolds associated with a unitary, commutative,associative algebra A.It especially shows that the A-extended algebra as well as the action algebra can be realized as the space of A-left invariant vector fields on a Lie group,analogous to the well known relationship of Lie algebras and Lie groups.     

Morita theory in deformation quantization

Various aspects of Morita theory of deformed algebras and in particular of star product algebras on general Poisson manifolds are discussed. We relate the three flavours ring-theoretic Morita equivalence, *-Morita equivalence, and strong Morita equivalence and exemplify their properties for star product algebras. The complete classification of Morita equivalent star products on general Poisson manifolds is discussed as well as the complete classification of covariantly Morita equivalent star products on a symplectic manifold with respect to some Lie algebra action preserving a connection.     

Locally finite Lie algebras¶with unitary highest weight representations

In this paper we essentially classify all locally finite Lie algebras with an involution and a compatible root decomposition which permit a faithful unitary highest weight representation. It turns out that these Lie algebras have many interesting relations to geometric structures such as infinite-dimensional bounded symmetric domains and coadjoint orbits of Banach–Lie groups which are strong K?hler manifolds. In the present paper we concentrate on the algebraic structure of these Lie algebras, such as the Levi decomposition, the structure of the almost reductive and locally nilpotent part, and the structure of the representation of the almost reductive algebra on the locally nilpotent ideal. Received: 2 August 2000 / Revised version: 10 January 2001     

On Post-Lie Algebras, Lie–Butcher Series and Moving Frames

Pre-Lie (or Vinberg) algebras arise from flat and torsion-free connections on differential manifolds. These algebras have been extensively studied in recent years, both from algebraic operadic points of view and through numerous applications in numerical analysis, control theory, stochastic differential equations and renormalization. Butcher series are formal power series founded on pre-Lie algebras, used in numerical analysis to study geometric properties of flows on Euclidean spaces. Motivated by the analysis of flows on manifolds and homogeneous spaces, we investigate algebras arising from flat connections with constant torsion, leading to the definition of post-Lie algebras, a generalization of pre-Lie algebras. Whereas pre-Lie algebras are intimately associated with Euclidean geometry, post-Lie algebras occur naturally in the differential geometry of homogeneous spaces, and are also closely related to Cartan’s method of moving frames. Lie–Butcher series combine Butcher series with Lie series and are used to analyze flows on manifolds. In this paper we show that Lie–Butcher series are founded on post-Lie algebras. The functorial relations between post-Lie algebras and their enveloping algebras, called D-algebras, are explored. Furthermore, we develop new formulas for computations in free post-Lie algebras and D-algebras, based on recursions in a magma, and we show that Lie–Butcher series are related to invariants of curves described by moving frames.     

Backward Error Analysis for Lie-Group Methods

Backward error analysis has proven to be very useful in stability analysis of numerical methods for ordinary differential equations. However the analysis has so far been undertaken in the Euclidean space or closed subsets thereof. In this paper we study differential equations on manifolds. We prove a backward error analysis result for intrinsic numerical methods. Especially we are interested in Lie-group methods. If the Lie algebra is nilpotent a global stability analysis can be done in the Lie algebra. In the general case we must work on the nonlinear Lie group. In order to show that there is a perturbed differential equation on the Lie group with a solution that is exponentially close to the numerical integrator after several steps, we prove a generalised version of Alekseev-Gr: obner's theorem. A major motivation for this result is that it implies many stability properties of Lie-group methods.     

Triangulated categories and Kac-Moody algebras

By using the Ringel-Hall algebra approach, we find a Lie algebra arising in each triangulated category with T ²=1, where T is the translation functor. In particular, the generic form of the Lie algebras determined by the root categories, the 2-period orbit categories of the derived categories of finite dimensional hereditary associative algebras, gives a realization of all symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebras. Oblatum 4-XII-1998 & 11-XI-1999?Published online: 21 February 2000     

李代数W(2,2)上的Hom-李代数结构

李代数W（2，2）是一类重要的无限维李代数，它是在研究权为2的向量生成的顶点算子代数的过程当中提出来的.Hom-李代数是指同时具备代数结构和李代数结构的一类代数，并且乘法与李代数乘法运算满足Leibniz法则.本文确定了李代数W（2，2）上的Hom-李代数结构.主要结论是李代数W（2，2）上没有非平凡的Hom-李代数结构.本文的研究结果对于W（2，2）代数的进一步研究有一定的帮助作用.     

IntegrableN-dimensional systems on the Hopf algebra andq-deformations

We construct the class of integrable classical and quantum systems on the Hopf algebras describing n interacting particles. We obtain the general structure of an integrable Hamiltonian system for the Hopf algebra A(g) of a simple Lie algebra g and prove that the integrals of motion depend only on linear combinations of k coordinates of the phase space, 2·ind g≤k≤g·ind g, whereind g andg are the respective index and Coxeter number of the Lie algebra g. The standard procedure of q-deformation results in the quantum integrable system. We apply this general scheme to the algebras sl(2), sl(3), and o(3, 1). An exact solution for the quantum analogue of the N-dimensional Hamiltonian system on the Hopf algebra A(sl(2)) is constructed using the method of noncommutative integration of linear differential equations. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 124, No. 3, pp. 373–390, September, 2000     

Spectra for solvable Lie algebras of bundle endomorphisms

The aim of the paper is to investigate spectral properties of the Lie algebras corresponding to the symmetry groups of certain flags of vector bundles over a compact space. Under natural hypotheses, such Lie algebras are solvable, being in general infinite dimensional. The spectral theory of finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebras of operators is extended to this natural class of infinite-dimensional solvable Lie algebras. The discussion uses the language of continuous fields of -algebras. The flag manifolds in -algebraic framework are naturally involved here, they providing the basic method for obtaining flags of vector bundles. Received: 8 October 2001 / Revised version: 4 February 2002 / Published online: 6 August 2002 Research supported from the contract ICA1–CT–2000–70022 with the European Commission.     

Algebras of twisted chiral differential operators and affine localization of {\mathfrak {g}} -modules

We propose a notion of algebra of twisted chiral differential operators over algebraic manifolds with vanishing 1st Pontrjagin class. We show that such algebras possess families of modules depending on infinitely many complex parameters, which we classify in terms of the corresponding algebra of twisted differential operators. If the underlying manifold is a flag manifold, our construction recovers modules over an affine Lie algebra parameterized by opers over the Langlands dual Lie algebra. The spaces of global sections of “smallest” such modules are irreducible [^(\mathfrakg)]{{\hat{{\mathfrak{g}}}}} -modules, and all irreducible \mathfrakg{{\mathfrak{g}}} -integrable [^(\mathfrakg)]{{\hat{{\mathfrak{g}}}}} -modules at the critical level arise in this way.     

Graded Lie algebras whose Cartan subalgebra is the algebra of polynomials in one variable

We define a class of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras that generalize the universal enveloping algebra of the algebra sl(2, ℂ) regarded as a Lie algebra. These algebras are a special case of ℤ-graded Lie algebras with a continuous root system, namely, their Cartan subalgebra is the algebra of polynomials in one variable. The continuous limit of these algebras defines new Poisson brackets on algebraic surfaces. In memory of M. V. Saveliev Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 345–352, May, 2000.     

HNN-extensions of lie algebras

We define HNN-extensions of Lie algebras and study their properties. In particular, a sufficient condition for freeness of subalgebras is obtained. We also study differential HNN-extensions of associative rings. These constructions are used to give short proofs of Malcev's and Shirshov's theorems that an associative or Lie algebra of finite or countable dimension is embeddable into a two-generator algebra.

     

From Lie algebra crossed modules to tensor hierarchies

The present paper, though inspired by the use of tensor hierarchies in theoretical physics, establishes their mathematical credentials, especially as genetically related to Lie algebra crossed modules. Gauging procedures in supergravity rely on a pairing – the embedding tensor – between a Leibniz algebra and a Lie algebra. Two such algebras, together with their embedding tensor, form a triple called a Lie-Leibniz triple, of which Lie algebra crossed modules are particular cases. This paper is devoted to showing that any Lie-Leibniz triple induces a differential graded Lie algebra – its associated tensor hierarchy – whose restriction to the category of Lie algebra crossed modules is the canonical assignment associating to any Lie algebra crossed module its corresponding unique 2-term differential graded Lie algebra. This shows that Lie-Leibniz triples form natural generalizations of Lie algebra crossed modules and that their associated tensor hierarchies can be considered as some kind of ‘lie-ization’ of the former. We deem the present construction of such tensor hierarchies clearer and more straightforward than previous derivations. We stress that such a construction suggests the existence of further well-defined Leibniz gauge theories.     

Weyl代数研究简介

本文简要综述Ｗｅｙｌ代数诞生７０余年来的一系列重要研究成果。     

Restricted Lie algebras all whose elements are semisimple

People studied the properties and structures of restricted Lie algebras all whose elements are semisimple. It is the main objective of this paper to continue the investigation in order to obtain deeper structure theorems. We obtain some sufficient conditions for the commutativity of restricted Lie algebras, generalize some results of R. Farnsteiner and characterize some properties of a finite-dimensional semisimple restricted Lie algebra all whose elements are semisimple. Moreover, we show that a centralsimple restricted Lie algebra all whose elements are semisimple over a field of characteristic p > 7 is a form of a classical Lie algebra.