DNA电化学生物传感器在重金属快速检测中的研究进展

DNA电化学生物传感器是一类以DNA为敏感元件或检测对象,将核酸分子特异性识别过程中产生的信号通过换能器转化为电信号,从而实现对目标物定性或定量检测的传感器,具有响应速度快、操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高、检测成本低等优点,实现了多领域中重金属、真菌毒素、核酸等的快速实时检测.介绍了 DNA电化学生物传感器的组装单元、电...     

新型磁性纳米电化学DNA生物传感器的研究

利用高分子磁性纳米粒子有效地将磁性分离、富集和化学修饰电极的电化学检测相结合,构建以亚甲基蓝为嵌入式杂交指示剂的电化学DNA生物传感器.此传感器对碱基错配的序列有较好的选择性.传感器对目标序列的响应在1×10-13～1×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系;检出限为4.3×10-14 mol/L.这种新型的高分子磁性纳米粒子电化学DNA生物传感器具有高的灵敏度,其线性范围宽,成本低,为DNA的痕量分析提供了一种新的思路.     

基于新型纳米传感材料的DNA生物传感器的应用

DNA是构建纳米技术和生物传感技术新设备的良好构建体.DNA生物传感器由于具有灵敏度高、选择性好等特点,近年来获得了飞速发展.研究发现,金属纳米粒子(MNPs)、碳基纳米材料等一系列纳米材料在传感器设计中提高了电化学DNA传感器的传感性能.本文侧重介绍了场效应晶体管、石墨烯、碳纳米管等新型纳米传感材料,以及基于这些材料...     

基于主客体识别技术构建的DNA电化学传感识别灯塔

传统的电化学DNA生物传感技术通常包括以下3个步骤,即电极表面探针DNA的固定、固液两相间DNA的杂交反应和电化学信号的读出,由于探针和目标序列的杂交过程发生在两相间,所以降低了杂交效率.在此,我们基于主客体识别和分子信标技术,设计了一种新型的电化学DNA传感器,可实现DNA在均一水相中的杂交反应,然后杂交体被捕获到电极表面进行电化学检测,具有高的灵敏度和选择性.     

酶标记的电化学DNA传感器

对特异DNA序列的检测,在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义.DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要.近年来涌现出多种传感策略,根据其检测方法大致可以分为光学传感器、电化学传感器和声学传感器等.由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并得到了快速发展.     

电化学和电化学发光核酸适体传感器

核酸适体具有亲合力强、选择性高、稳定性好、易于修饰等优点,广泛用于对目标物如蛋白质、小分子等的灵敏检测.电化学具有成本低、灵敏度高、仪器小巧等优点.近年来,构建基于核酸适体的电化学传感器,已经成为一个热门的研究领域.本文重点评述了2005年以来核酸适体的电化学传感器的研究进展,并展望其发展前景.     

基于Fe_3O_4@Au复合纳米粒子标记抗体免疫分析方法用于检测水体中的大肠杆菌

电化学免疫传感技术由于结合了高特异性的免疫反应和高灵敏的酶促电化学信号放大手段,具有灵敏度高、选择性好等特点,已被广泛应用于临床诊断,食品分析和环境分析等领域.     

海洋毒素电化学生物传感器

由藻类产生的海洋毒素对人类健康和环境安全构成了较大威胁,对其进行快速准确的检测是减小海洋毒素危害的有效手段之一。电化学生物传感器具有快速简便、灵敏度高、检测限低和成本低等特点,为检测海洋毒素提供了新的技术途径。目前,应用于海洋毒素检测中的电化学生物传感器主要有免疫传感器、酶传感器和DNA传感器等。本文综述了迄今为止国内外海洋毒素电化学生物传感器研究所取得的成果,并对其当前研究存在的问题和未来发展趋势进行探讨和展望。     

电化学DNA生物传感器*

对特异DNA序列的检测在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义,DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要。近年来涌现出了多种传感策略,根据检测方法的不同可以大致分为光学传感器、电化学传感器、声学传感器等。由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并在近几年中得到了快速发展。本文概括了近年来在DNA传感器的重要分支——电化学DNA传感器领域内的一些重要进展,主要包括DNA探针在传感界面上的固定方法和各种电化学DNA杂交信号的检测方法。     

葡萄糖生物传感器检测方法的研究进展

葡萄糖生物传感器以其灵敏度高、选择性好、反应速度快以及稳定性好等优点吸引了许多研究者的关注。 本文将已发表的一些葡萄糖检测方法分为两类：葡萄糖酶生物传感器检测方法与无酶葡萄糖生物传感器检测方法,简要介绍了这2种检测方法的一些研究进展,并对葡萄糖检测方法的发展前景进行了展望。     

Electrochemical biosensors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene: future perspectives for on-site analysis

MXenes are recently developed two-dimensional layered materials composed of early transition metal carbides and/or nitrides that provide unique characteristics for biosensor applications. This review presents the recent progress made on the usage and applications of MXenes in the field of electrochemical biosensors, including microfluidic biosensors and wearable microfluidic biosensors, and highlights the challenges with possible solutions and future needs. The multilayered configuration and high conductivity make these materials as an immobilization matrix for the biomolecule immobilization with activity retention and to be explored in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, respectively. First, how the MXene nanocomposite as an electrode modifier affects the sensing performance of the electrochemical biosensors based on enzymes, aptamer/DNA, and immunoassays is well described. Second, recent developments in MXene nanocomposites as wearable biosensing platforms for the biomolecule detection are highlighted. This review pointed out the future concerns and directions for the use of MXene nanocomposites to fabricate advanced electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, possibilities for developing microfluidic electrochemical sensors and wearable electrochemical microfluidic sensors with integrated biomolecule detection are emphasized.     

Nanomaterials based non-enzymatic electrochemical and optical sensors for the detection of carbendazim: A review

Carbendazim sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity have become imperative for the welfare of the food industry, agriculture, aquaculture, and forestry. The design and development of sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity require deeper insights into the chemistry of nanomaterials. Driven by these needs, we intend to offer a concise discussion of diverse materials and various analytical techniques employed for carbendazim detection. This review focuses on interpreting the performance of well-recognized techniques integrated with keenly engineered nanomaterials, critical discussions on the drawbacks of the available sensors, and subsequent advances in nano-tailored materials. This review also provides constructive ideas for the requirement of maiden electrochemical and optical sensors, as well as existing challenges and future prospects.     

Polymeric sensors for determination of anions of organic acids

New polymeric electrochemical sensors based on various neutral and charged organic ionophores were suggested. The new sensors have a high sensitivity to anions of various organic acids (acetic, oxalic, lactic, malic, succinic, tartaric, and citric) in a wide concentration range. The selectivity and the detection limit of the developed sensors with respect to anions of the acids were studied.     

Recent Progress on Highly Selective and Sensitive Electrochemical Aptamer-based Sensors

Highly selective, sensitive, and stable biosensors are essential for the molecular level understanding of many physiological activities and diseases. Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor is an appealing platform for measurement in biological system, attributing to the combined advantages of high selectivity of the aptamer and high sensitivity of electrochemical analysis. This review summarizes the latest development of E-AB sensors, focuses on the modification strategies used in the fabrication of sensors and the sensing strategies for analytes of different sizes in biological system, and then looks forward to the challenges and prospects of the future development of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors.     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.     

Fast chromatographic separation techniques as competitors to chemical and biochemical sensor systems

Fast chromatographic methods, e.g. chromatography with supercritical fluids, ion chromatography and especially capillary electrophoresis, are important competitors of chemical sensors in environmental monitoring and process control. These methods show high selectivity and low interferences and it is possible to determine several parameters within a single chromatographic run. In order to show the potential and limitation of sensor systems and chromatographic separation methods in environmental analysis this review is limited to applications in this field.With regard to practical problems a comparison of ion chromatography (IC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrochemical sensors is given for a special example, the ion analysis in waste water. Authentic water samples with a high surfactant content from a car-wash are examined, proving the suitability of IC, CE and electrochemical sensors in terms of specifity, sensitivity, reproducibility, analysis time and calibration linearity. The results show that the chromatographic methods are useful techniques in water analysis, yielding good sensitivity, high resolution and short analysis times. In comparison the chemical sensor also shows short analysis times, good sensitivity and a simple instrumental set-up. The disadvantage is the lack of selectivity and the instability of the sensor signal, when the sensor is exposed to the extremely complex matrix. Good results could only be achieved by pretreatment of the sample solution.     

Nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring

We review the state-of-the-art application of nanoparticles (NPs) in electrochemical analysis of environmental pollutants. We summarize methods for preparing NPs and modifying electrode surfaces with NPs. We describe several examples of applications in environmental electrochemical sensors and performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity for both metal and metal-oxide NPs. We present recent trends in the beneficial use of NPs in constructing electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring and discuss future challenges.NPs have promising potential to increase competitiveness of electrochemical sensors in environmental monitoring, though research has focused mainly on development of methodology for fabricating new sensors, and the number of studies for optimizing the performance of sensors and the applicability to real samples is still limited.     

Progress on sensors based on nanomaterials for rapid detection of heavy metal ions

The heavy metal ions,especially Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) and Hg~(2+),show extremely hazard to the environment and human being.The measurement of heavy metal ions using sensors is catching more and more attention for its advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity,low-cost,convenience to handle and rapid detection.In recent years,nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles(NPs),magnetic nanoparticles,graphene and nanocomposite materials are applied in sensors for improving sensitivity and selectivity,making the research on electrochemical(EC) sensors,spectrometric biosensors and colorimetric biosensors become a hot spot in the application to investigate heavy metal ions,in particular,Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) and Hg~(2+).In this short review,the research of advanced detection of Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+) and Hg~(2+) and its progress based on nanomaterial sensors in recent years is reviewed.     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for the detection of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene

2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a frequently used explosive compound, and it easily gathers in soil and water during transportation, use, and storage. Except for the security issue, it also has high toxicity and mutagenic effect on the environment and all life forms. Thus, it is critical to develop high-efficiency sensing methods for the detection of TNT at trace levels with high sensitivity and selectivity. This brief review highlights the research progress of using electrochemical sensors to analyze TNT molecules in recent years. Specifically, this minireview mainly focuses on the recently developed nanostructured electrocatalysts and electrochemical methods combined with other techniques for electrochemical detection of TNT.     

Electrical,electrochemical, and thermometric sensors for the detection of explosives

The main analytical characteristics of electrical, electrochemical, and thermometric sensors in the detection of vapors and traces of explosives and accompanying substances are compared. The limits of detection, sensitivity, sensor setting time (response speed) and, recovery time after exposure to analytes, and the selectivity of sensors are discussed. The efficiency of using nanodimensional structures in the sensing elements of sensors is investigated.