Synthesis of Hafnium(IV) Polyaminoacetates

The interaction of hafnium(IV) salts (oxide-dichloride, chloride, and bromide) with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriamminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid (CDTA), 1,3-dipropylmino-2-hydroxy N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (dpta), and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) has been studied. The corresponding complexes Na₂[Hf(NTA)₂]·3H₂O (1), Na[HfDTPA]·3H₂O (2), [HfCDTA(H₂O)₂] (3), and Na[Hf₂(dpta)₂]·7.5H₂O·0.5C₂H₅OH (4) have been isolated and characterized and their structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Biological studies of [HfCDTA(H₂O)₂] have shown that in 5% glucose solution this complex has low toxicity and good contrasting ability.     

Two Unexpected Temperature-Induced Supermolecular Isomers from Multi-Topic Carboxylic Acid: Hydrogen Bonding Layer or Helix Tube

Under ambient conditions or 160 °C, two supramolecular isomers, namely [(H₄PTTA)(H₂O)₂(DMF)] and [(H₄PTTA)(H₂O)₃]··Guest (1-L and 1-H, H₄PTTA = N-phenyl-N′-phenyl bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxdiimide tetra-carboxylic acid, Guest = DMF and H₂O), were obtained through the reaction of H₄PTTA in a mixture of H₂O and dimethylformamide. The single crystal structures reveal the temperature-dependent supramolecular isomerism derived from the torsion of semi-rigid of H₄PTTA. The 1-L prepared at room temperature is a hydrogen bond based achiral layer, while the hydrothermal synthesized 1-H is isomer resulted in an H-bond-based chiral tubes-packed supramolecular framework.     

水滑石层间碘酸根离子的还原性机理研究

通过X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱仪表征发现,经水合肼（N₂H₄·H₂O）和亚硫酸钠（Na₂SO₃）两种还原剂处理碘酸根插层水滑石的产物分别为碘离子插层的水滑石（ZnAl-ILDHs）和硫酸根离子插层水滑石（ZnAl-SO₄LDHs）。进一步研究表明,N₂H₄·H₂O和水滑石的反应为D₇模型的核外层扩散反应,N₂H₄·H₂O在水滑石微球界面和IO₃^-发生反应。而Na₂SO₃则先进入了水滑石层间,然后与层间的IO₃^-反应,其模型符合D₁₁动力学模型。     

3D Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Co(II) and Bithiophendicarboxylate: Synthesis,Crystal Structures,Gas Adsorption,and Magnetic Properties

Three new 3D metal-organic porous frameworks based on Co(II) and 2,2′-bithiophen-5,5′-dicarboxylate (btdc²⁻) [Co₃(btdc)₃(bpy)₂]·4DMF, 1; [Co₃(btdc)₃(pz)(dmf)₂]·4DMF·1.5H₂O, 2; [Co₃(btdc)₃(dmf)₄]∙2DMF∙2H₂O, 3 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl, pz = pyrazine, dmf = N,N-dimethylformamide) were synthesized and structurally characterized. All compounds share the same trinuclear carboxylate building units {Co₃(RCOO)₆}, connected either by btdc^2– ligands (1, 3) or by both btdc^2– and pz bridging ligands (2). The permanent porosity of 1 was confirmed by N₂, O₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄ adsorption measurements at various temperatures (77 K, 273 K, 298 K), resulted in BET surface area 667 m²⋅g⁻¹ and promising gas separation performance with selectivity factors up to 35.7 for CO₂/N₂, 45.4 for CO₂/O₂, 20.8 for CO₂/CO, and 4.8 for CO₂/CH₄. The molar magnetic susceptibilities χ_p(T) were measured for 1 and 2 in the temperature range 1.77–330 K at magnetic fields up to 10 kOe. The room-temperature values of the effective magnetic moments for compounds 1 and 2 are μ_eff (300 K) ≈ 4.93 μ_B. The obtained results confirm the mainly paramagnetic nature of both compounds with some antiferromagnetic interactions at low-temperatures T < 20 K in 2 between the Co(II) cations separated by short pz linkers. Similar conclusions were also derived from the field-depending magnetization data of 1 and 2.     

水滑石层间碘酸根离子的还原性机理研究

通过X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪表征发现,经水合肼(N2H4·H2O)和亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)两种还原剂处理碘酸根插层水滑石的产物分别为碘离子插层的水滑石(ZnAl-I LDHs)和硫酸根离子插层水滑石(ZnAl-SO4LDHs)。进一步研究表明,N2H4·H2O和水滑石的反应为D7模型的核外层扩散反应,N2H4·H2O在水滑石微球界面和IO3-发生反应。而Na2SO3则先进入了水滑石层间,然后与层间的IO3-反应,其模型符合D11动力学模型。     

Structure and spectral characterisation of copper(II) meclofenamate complexes

The synthesis and characterisation of Cu(meclof)₂H₂O and Cu(meclof)₂L₂ (meclof = meclofenamate; L = 2-pyridylcarbinol (2-pyca), 3-pyridylcarbinol (3-pyca), nicotinamide (na), N,N-diethylnicotinamide (dena) are reported. The characterisation of the compounds were based on elemental analyses, electronic, IR and EPR spectra. The carboxyl group of the meclofenamate anions coordinates to the Cu(II) atom as an unidentate or as a chelating ligand. The crystal and molecular structures of one of the products, namely Cu(meclof)₂(2-pyca)₂ were measured. The EPR spectra of the studied complexes show they are monomeric, except for Cu(meclof)₂ · H₂O which shows triplet state feature. On the basis of the spectroscopic parameters observed, a monomeric structure with a tetragonally Jahn–Teller distorted octahedron around the Cu(II) atom is deduced for Cu(meclof)₂L₂ and for Cu(meclof)₂ · H₂O a dimeric structure is proposed. The degree of distortion in the series of the Cu(meclof)₂L₂ complexes increases in the order of L: na < 2-pyca < 3-pyca < dena.     

Crystal Engineering of Schiff Base Zn(II) and Cd(II) Homo- and Zn(II)M(II) (M = Mn or Cd) Heterometallic Coordination Polymers and Their Ability to Accommodate Solvent Guest Molecules

Based on solvothermal synthesis, self-assembly of the heptadentate 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(nicotinoylhydrazone) Schiff base ligand (H₂L) and Zn(II) and/or Cd(II) salts has led to the formation of three homometallic [CdL]_n (1), {[CdL]∙0.5dmf∙H₂O}_n (2) and {[ZnL]∙0.5dmf∙1.5H₂O}_n (3), as well as two heterometallic {[Zn_0.75Cd_1.25L₂]∙dmf∙0.5H₂O}_n (4) and {[MnZnL₂]∙dmf∙3H₂O}_n coordination polymers. Compound 1 represents a 1D chain, whereas 2–5 are isostructural and isomorphous two-dimensional structures. The entire series was characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and emission measurements. 2D coordination polymers accommodate water and dmf molecules in their cage-shaped interlayer spaces, which are released when the samples are heated. Thus, three solvated crystals were degassed at two temperatures and their photoluminescent and adsorption–desorption properties were recorded in order to validate this assumption. Solvent-free samples reveal an increase in volume pore, adsorption specific surface area and photoluminescence with regard to synthesized crystals.     

Self-Assembly of Antiferromagnetically-Coupled Copper(II) Supramolecular Architectures with Diverse Structural Complexities

The self-assembly of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol (DFMP) and 1-amino-2-propanol (AP)/2-amino-1,3-propanediol (APD) in the presence of copper(II) ions results in the formation of six new supramolecular architectures containing two versatile double Schiff base ligands (H₃L and H₅L1) with one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures involving diverse nuclearities: tetranuclear [Cu₄(HL²⁻)₂(N₃)₄]·4CH₃OH·56H₂O (1) and [Cu₄(L³⁻)₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₂] (2), dinuclear [Cu₂(H₃L1²⁻)(N₃)(H₂O)(NO₃)] (3), polynuclear {[Cu₂(H₃L1²⁻)(H₂O)(BF₄)(N₃)]·H₂O}_n (4), heptanuclear [Cu₇(H₃L1²⁻)₂(O)₂(C₆H₅CO₂)₆]·6CH₃OH·44H₂O (5), and decanuclear [Cu₁₀(H₃L1²⁻)₄(O)₂(OH)₂(C₆H₅CO₂)₄] (C₆H₅CO₂)₂·20H₂O (6). X-ray studies have revealed that the basic building block in 1, 3, and 4 is comprised of two copper centers bridged through one μ-phenolate oxygen atom from HL²⁻ or H₃L1²⁻, and one μ-1,1-azido (N₃⁻) ion and in 2, 5, and 6 by μ-phenoxide oxygen of L³⁻ or H₃L1²⁻ and μ-O²⁻ or μ₃-O²⁻ ions. H-bonding involving coordinated/uncoordinated hydroxy groups of the ligands generates fascinating supramolecular architectures with 1D-single chains (1 and 6), 2D-sheets (3), and 3D-structures (4). In 5, benzoate ions display four different coordination modes, which, in our opinion, is unprecedented and constitutes a new discovery. In 1, 3, and 5, Cu(II) ions in [Cu₂] units are antiferromagnetically coupled, with J ranging from −177 to −278 cm⁻¹.     

Mutual diffusion coefficients of Nal-H2O and LiCl-H2O at 25°C from Rayleigh interferometry

Volume-fixed mutual diffusion coefficients of aqueous NaI have been measured from low concentrations to 10.8 mol-(kg H₂O)^–1 (7.6 mol-dm^–3), and those of LiCl up to 1.6 mol-(kg H₂O)^–1 (1.55 mol-dm^–3), at 25°C using free-diffusion Rayleigh interferometry. The accuracy of these diffusion coefficients is 0.1–0.2%. LiCl-H₂O has some of the lowest diffusion coefficients for alkali halides, whereas NaI-H₂O has some of the highest. The significance of these differences is briefly discussed.Work performed under the auspices of Office of Basic Energy Science (Geosciences) of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48.     

The mutual diffusion coefficients of Na2SO4−H2O and MgSO4−H2O at 25°C from Rayleigh interferometry

The volume-fixed mutual diffusion coefficients of Na₂SO₄–H₂O and MgSO₄–H₂O have been measured, from dilute solutions to near saturation, to an accuracy of 0.1–0.2% by free-diffusion Rayleigh interferometry. These results are compared to other available diffusion data for these salts. The diffusion coefficients of Na₂SO₄–H₂O and MgSO₄–H₂O decrease regularly with increasing concentration, while those of many other salts exhibit both a maximum and a minimum as a function of concentration. A few diffusion coefficients have also been measured for KCl–H₂O.Reference to a company or product names does not imply approval or recommendation of the product by the University of California or the U.S. Department of Energy to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; tenure served as a participating guest at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.     

Molecular and Supramolecular Structures of Triiodides and Polyiodobismuthates of Phenylenediammonium and Its N,N-dimethyl Derivative

Despite remarkable progress in photoconversion efficiency, the toxicity of lead-based hybrid perovskites remains an important issue hindering their applications in consumer optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, LED displays, and photodetectors. For that reason, lead-free metal halide complexes have attracted great attention as alternative optoelectronic materials. In this work, we demonstrate that reactions of two aromatic diamines with iodine in hydroiodic acid produced phenylenediammonium (PDA) and N,N-dimethyl-phenylenediammonium (DMPDA) triiodides, PDA(I₃)₂⋅2H₂O and DMPDA(I₃)I, respectively. If the source of bismuth was added, they were converted into previously reported PDA(BiI₄)₂⋅I₂ and new (DMPDA)₂(BiI₆)(I₃)⋅2H₂O, having band gaps of 1.45 and 1.7 eV, respectively, which are in the optimal range for efficient solar light absorbers. All four compounds presented organic–inorganic hybrids, whose supramolecular structures were based on a variety of intermolecular forces, including (N)H⋅⋅⋅I and (N)H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds as well as I⋅⋅⋅I secondary and weak interactions. Details of their molecular and supramolecular structures are discussed based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, thermal analysis, and Raman and optical spectroscopy.     

Optical properties of a tetradentate bis(beta-diketonate) europium(III) complex

Eu₂(BPOPB)₃H₂O, an europium complex chelated with bis(β-diketone), was synthesized. Its properties have been investigated by absorption spectrum, emission spectrum and luminescence lifetime measurement. The complex displays strong red luminescence upon irradiation at the ligand band around 355 nm, which indicates that the bis-β-diketonate ligand BPOPB is an efficient sensitizer. The Judd–Ofelt parameters obtained from the emission spectrum of Eu₂(BPOPB)₃H₂O have been used to calculate the total spontaneous emission probabilities (A), the radiative lifetime (τ_rad), the fluorescence branching ratio (β) and the stimulated emission cross-sections (σ). The luminescence lifetimes are determined to be 402 and 169 μs for Eu₂(BPOPB)₃H₂O and Eu(DBM)₃(H₂O)₂, respectively. The relationship between the structures of rare-earth complexes and luminescence lifetimes was analyzed. The radiative properties reveal that Eu₂(BPOPB)₃H₂O is potential to be an efficient luminescent material.     

Use of multiphoton ionization of molecules for the determination of neptunium traces in solution

The possibility of detecting trace amounts of neptunium atoms and molecular compounds by laser resonance ionization spectroscopy has been investigated in acetylene-air and acetylene-nitrous oxide flames. Experimentally evaluated atomization coefficients of neptunium in the process of thermal dissociation in flames (10^–4% for C₂H₂-air and 10^–2% for C₂H₂–N₂O) do not allow to use atomic ionization signal for determination of neptunium microamounts in solutions. High yield multiphoton ionization of NpO molecule has been realized in fuel rich C₂H₂–N₂O flame. This pehnomenon has been used for determination of trace quantities of Np in solution. The detection limit was 2·10^–9 g/ml.     

Seeking new metalloligands: Synthesis and reactivity of palladacycles with pyridine and pyrimidine rings

Treatment of the Schiff base ligands 4-(NC₅H₄)C₆H₄C(H)N[2′-(OH)C₆H₄] (a), 3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₄C(H)N[2′-(OH)-C₆H₄] (b) and 3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₄C(H) N[2′-(OH)-5′-^tBuC₆H₃] (c) with palladium (II) acetate in toluene gave the poly-nuclear cyclometallated complexes [Pd{4-(NC₅H₄)C₆H₃C(H)N[2′-(O)C₆H₄]}]₄ (1a), [Pd{3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H)N[2′-(O)-C₆H₄]}]₄ (1b) and [Pd{3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H)N[2′-(O)-5′-^tBuC₆H₃]}]₄ (1c) respectively, as air stable solids, with the ligand acting as a terdentate [C,N,O] moiety after deprotonation of the –OH group. Reaction of the cyclometallated complexes with triphenylphosphine gave the mononuclear species [Pd{4-(NC₅H₄)C₆H₃C(H) N[2′-(O)C₆H₄]}(PPh₃)], (2a), [Pd{3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H) N[2′-(O)C₆H₄]}(PPh₃)], (2b) and [Pd{3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H)N[2′-(O)-5′-^tBuC₆H₃)}(PPh₃)], (2c) in which the polynuclear structure has been cleaved and the coordination of the ligand has not changed [C,N,O]. When the cyclometallated complexes 1b and 1c were treated with the diphosphines Ph₂P(CH₂)₄PPh₂ (dppb), Ph₂PC₅H₄FeC₅H₄PPh₂ (dppf) and Ph₂P(CH₂)₂PPh₂ (t-dppe) in a 1:2 molar ratio the dinuclear cyclometallated complexes [{Pd[3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H)N{2′-(O)C₆H₄}]}₂(μ-Ph₂P(CH₂)₄PPh₂)], (3b), [{Pd[3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H) N{2′-(O)-5′-^tBuC₆H₃}]}₂(μ-Ph₂P(CH₂)₄PPh₂)], (3c), [{Pd[3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H)N{2′-(O)C₆H₄}]}₂(μ-Ph₂P(η⁵-C₅H₄)Fe(η⁵-C₅H₄)PPh₂)], (4b), [{Pd[3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H) N{2′-(O)-5′-^tBuC₆H₃}]}₂(μ-Ph₂P(η⁵C₅H₄)Fe(η⁵C₅H₄)P-Ph₂)], (4c) and [{Pd[3,5-(N₂C₄H₃)C₆H₃C(H)N{2′-(O)-5′-^tBuC₆H₃}]}₂(μ-Ph₂P(CHCH)PPh₂)], (5c) were obtained as air stable solids.     

Structure and stability of closo-hexaboranes and their heteroanalogs

The molecular and electronic structures of closo-hexaboranes B₆H₆ ^2–, B₆H₇ ^–, and B₆H₈ and closo-heterohexaboranes XYB₄H₄ (X = Y = CH, N; X = BH, Y = CH^–, N^–, NH, O) were studed by the ab initio (MP2(full)/6-311+G**) and density functional (B3LYP/6-311+G**) methods. The bridging H atoms in closo-hexaboranes B₆H₇ ^– and B₆H₈ can undergo facile low-barrier migrations around the boron cage (the barrier heights are about 10—15 kcal mol^–1). All heteroboranes having octahedron-like structures with hypercoordinated N and O atoms are rather stable and can be the subject of synthetic research efforts.     

Hydrogen Bonding and Aromatic π–π Stacking in the Crystal Structures of Water-Soluble Daidzein Derivatives

Water-soluble daidzein derivatives, [Ni(H₂O)₆](C₁₆H₁₁O₄SO₃)₂⋅10H₂O and [Zn(H₂O)₆] (C₁₆H₁₁O₄SO₃)₂⋅10H₂O (C₁₆H₁₁O₄SO₃, 7-methoxy-4′-hydroxylisoflavone-3′-sulfonate) were synthesized and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals of them all belong to triclinic crystal system, space group P . The results show that the two derivatives consist of metal cation [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and [Zn(H₂O)₆]²⁺, anion C₁₆H₁₁O₄SO₃⁻ and H₂O. Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ are the centers of the two compounds, respectively. A hydrophilic region is built by a variety of hydrogen bonds among [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ or [Zn(H₂O)₆]²⁺, C₁₆H₁₁O₄SO₃⁻ and the lattice water molecules. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions assemble the isoflavone skeletons into a column and the columns form a hydrophobic region of daidzein derivatives. The sulfo-groups bridge the hydrophilic and hydrophobic region as well as the inorganic and organic components.     

Crystal Structures of 1,5,9,18,22,26-Hexaaza[11.11]-p-cyclophane Adducts; Two-dimensional Supramolecular Networks

Two newly identified supramolecular structures arise from self-assembly of the macrocyclic 1,5,9,18,22,26- hexaaza[11.11]-p-cyclophane salts with o-nitrophenol (C₂₈H₅₀N₆)⁴⁺·4(C₆H₄NO₂O)⁻ (1) and with HCl (C₂₈H₅₂N₆)⁶⁺·6Cl^-·4H₂O (2). In both cases two-dimensional supramolecular sheets are formed.     

Chloroaqua Complexes [M3S4(H2O)9?xClx](4?x)+ (M = Mo, W; x = 4, 6, 7) and Their Supramolecular Compounds with Cucur[8]uril

Compounds of trigonal cluster chloroaqua complexes with cucurbit[8]uril were synthesized by slowly evaporating HCl solutions of chalcogenides heterometallic cubane cluster complexes of molybdenum and tungsten with cucurbit[8]uril in air; the complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis: (H₃O)₈[Mo₃S₄(H₂O)_2.5Cl_6.5]₂Cl(PdCl₄)·(C₄₈H₄₈N₃₂O₁₆)· 29H₂O (a = 13.3183(17) Å, b = 13.7104(18) Å, c = 18.225(3) Å; α = 80.263(3)°, β = 77. 958(3)°, γ = 87.149(4)°, V = 3207.4(7) ų, space group P , Z = 1, ρ(calc) = 1.900 g/cm³), (H₃O)₄ [Mo₃S₄(H₂O)₃Cl₆]₂·(C₄₈H₄₈N₃₂O₁₆)₃·68H₂O (a = 21.413(6) Å, c = 49.832(10) Å; γ = 120°, V = 19788(8) ų, space group R , Z = 3, ρ(calc) = 1.695 g/cm³), (H₃O)₆ [Mo₃S₄(H₂O)₃Cl₆]₂Cl₂·(C₄₈H₄₈N₃₂O₁₆)·12H₂O (a = 15.881(2) Å, b = 17.191(2) Å, c = 23.276(4) Å; β = 98.865(15)°, V = 6278.7(15) ų, space group P2₁/c, Z = 2, ρ(calc) = 1.638 g/cm³), [W₃S₄(H₂O)₅Cl₄]₂·(C₄₈H₄₈N₃₂O₁₆)₃·35H₂O (a = 21.038(3) Å; α = 61.20(1)°, V = 6762.0(14) ų, space group R , Z = 1, ρ(calc) = 1.582 g/cm³). The [Mo₃S₄(H₂O)₃Cl₆]²⁻ anion complex was isolated as three geometrical isomers.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by E. V. Chubarova, D. G. Samsonenko, H. G. Platas, F. M. Dolgushin, A. V. Gerasimenko, M. N. Sokolov, Z. A. Starikova, M. Yu. Antipin, and V. P. Fedin__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 1049–1058, November–December, 2004.     

Effect of Functionalized Groups on Gas‐Adsorption Properties: Syntheses of Functionalized Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their High Gas‐Storage Capacity

The microporous metal–organic framework (MMOF) Zn₄O(L1)₂ ? 9 DMF ? 9 H₂O ( 1‐H ) and its functionalized derivatives Zn₄O(L1‐CH₃)₂ ? 9 DMF ? 9 H₂O ( 2‐CH₃ ) and Zn₄O(L1‐Cl)₂ ? 9 DMF ? 9 H₂O ( 3‐Cl ) have been synthesized and characterized (H₃L1=4‐[N,N‐bis(4‐methylbenzoic acid)amino]benzoic acid, H₃L1‐CH₃=4‐[N,N‐bis(4‐methylbenzoic acid)amino]‐2‐methylbenzoic acid, H₃L1‐Cl=4‐[N,N‐bis(4‐methylbenzoic acid)amino]‐2‐chlorobenzoic acid). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed that the two functionalized MMOFs are isostructural to their parent MMOF, and are twofold interpenetrated three‐dimensional (3D) microporous frameworks. All of the samples possess enduring porosity with Langmuir surface areas over 1950 cm² g^?1. Their pore volumes and surface areas decrease in the order 1‐H > 2‐CH₃ > 3‐Cl . Gas‐adsorption studies show that the H₂ uptakes of these samples are among the highest of the MMOFs (2.37 wt % for 3‐Cl at 77 K and 1 bar), although their structures are interpenetrating. Furthermore, this work reveals that the adsorbate–adsorbent interaction plays a more important role in the gas‐adsorption properties of these samples at low pressure, whereas the effects of the pore volumes and surface areas dominate the gas‐adsorption properties at high pressure.     

Super-Molecular Interaction between Cl and H2O within the Restricted Space of Layered Double Hydroxides

A periodical interaction model of LDHs-Cl-yH₂O has been proposed. The geometry optimization and energy of the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were calculated using CASTEP/LDA method at the CA-PZ level. The distribution of H₂O in the interlayer and the super-molecular interaction between host layer and guest anion have been investigated by analyzing the geometric parameters, charge population, energy, and density of state (DOS). The results showed that there was a strong super-molecular interaction between the host layer and the guest anion Cl⁻. In the system of LDHs-Cl-yH₂O, the interlayer distance increased gradually then tended to invariableness. And in the process of hydration of LDHs-Cl, hydrogen bonding was superior to electrostatic interaction, and layer-water type hydrogen bonding was a little stronger than anion-water type hydrogen bonding between H₂O and the rest of the structure. When y was 1 or 2, Cl⁻ and the plane of water were parallel to the layer; while y was 3 or 4, distribution of Cl⁻ and water was random. Moreover, the LDHs-Cl-yH₂O would change from ionic crystal to molecular crystal with the increase of number of water molecule. The hydration of LDHs-Cl would achieve a definite saturation state.