Counting cusps of subgroups of

Let be a number field with real places and complex places, and let be the ring of integers of . The quotient has cusps, where is the class number of . We show that under the assumption of the generalized Riemann hypothesis that if is not or an imaginary quadratic field and if , then has infinitely many maximal subgroups with cusps. A key element in the proof is a connection to Artin's Primitive Root Conjecture.

     

On the normal bundle of submanifolds of

Let be a submanifold of dimension of the complex projective space . We prove results of the following type.i) If is irregular and , then the normal bundle is indecomposable. ii) If is irregular, and , then is not the direct sum of two vector bundles of rank . iii) If , and is decomposable, then the natural restriction map is an isomorphism (and, in particular, if is embedded Segre in , then is indecomposable). iv) Let and , and assume that is a direct sum of line bundles; if assume furthermore that is simply connected and is not divisible in . Then is a complete intersection. These results follow from Theorem 2.1 below together with Le Potier's vanishing theorem. The last statement also uses a criterion of Faltings for complete intersection. In the case when this fact was proved by M. Schneider in 1990 in a completely different way.

     

Representation of measures with polynomial denseness in , , and its application to determinate moment problems

It has been proved that algebraic polynomials are dense in the space , , iff the measure is representable as with a finite non-negative Borel measure and an upper semi-continuous function such that is a dense subset of the space    as equipped with the seminorm . The similar representation ( ) with the same and ( , and is also a dense

subset of ) corresponds to all those measures (supported by ) that are uniquely determined by their moments on ( ). The proof is based on de Branges' theorem (1959) on weighted polynomial approximation. A more general question on polynomial denseness in a separable Fréchet space in the sense of Banach has also been examined.

     

On Lelong-Bremermann Lemma

The main theorem of this note is the following refinement of the well-known Lelong-Bremermann Lemma:

Let be a continuous plurisubharmonic function on a Stein manifold of dimension Then there exists an integer , natural numbers , and analytic mappings such that the sequence of functions

converges to uniformly on each compact subset of .

In the case when is a domain in the complex plane, it is shown that one can take in the theorem above (Section 3); on the other hand, for -circular plurisubharmonic functions in the statement of this theorem is true with (Section 4). The last section contains some remarks and open questions.

     

Whitney property in two dimensional Sobolev spaces

For , we prove that all the functions of satisfy the Whitney property; i.e., if is such that (in the sense of capacity) on a connected set , then is constant on .

     

Tauberian type theorem for operators with interpolation spectrum for Hölder classes

We consider an invertible operator on a Banach space whose spectrum is an interpolating set for Hölder classes. We show that if , , with and , then for all , assuming that satisfies suitable regularity conditions. When is a Hilbert space and (i.e. is a contraction), we show that under the same assumptions, is unitary and this is sharp.

     

Stable algebras of entire functions

Suppose that and belong to the algebra generated by the rational functions and an entire function of finite order on and that has algebraic polar variety. We show that either or , where is a polynomial and are rational functions. In the latter case, belongs to the algebra generated by the rational functions, and .

The stability property is related to the problem of algebraic dependence of entire functions over the ring of polynomials. The case of algebraic dependence over of two entire or meromorphic functions on is completely resolved in this paper.

     

Radial limits of inner functions and Bloch spaces

Let be an inner function in the unit ball , . Assume that

where and is the radial derivative. Then, for all , the set has a non-zero real Hausdorff -content, and it has a non-zero complex Hausdorff -content.

     

A Hodge decomposition interpretation for the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial

Let be a simple graph with nodes. The coloring complex of , as defined by Steingrimsson, has -faces consisting of all ordered set partitions, in which at least one contains an edge of . Jonsson proved that the homology of the coloring complex is concentrated in the top degree. In addition, Jonsson showed that the dimension of the top homology is one less than the number of acyclic orientations of .

In this paper, we show that the Eulerian idempotents give a decomposition of the top homology of into components . We go on to prove that the dimensions of the Hodge pieces of the homology are equal to the absolute values of the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial of . Specifically, if we write , then .

     

A rigidity theorem for holomorphic generators on the Hilbert ball

We present a rigidity property of holomorphic generators on the open unit ball of a Hilbert space . Namely, if is the generator of a one-parameter continuous semigroup on such that for some boundary point , the admissible limit - , then vanishes identically on .

     

Linear maps preserving invariants

Let be a complex reductive group. Let denote for all . We show that, ``in general', . In case is the adjoint group of a simple Lie algebra , we show that is an order 2 extension of . We also calculate for all representations of .

     

On the topological centre problem for weighted convolution algebras and semigroup compactifications

Let be a locally compact, non-compact group (we make the non-compactness assumption, for the most part, simply to avoid trivialities). We show that under a very mild assumption on the weight function , the weighted group algebra is strongly Arens irregular in the sense of Dales and Lau; i.e., both topological centres of equal . Also, we show that the topological centre of the algebra equals the weighted measure algebra . Moreover, still in the same situation, we prove that every linear (left) -module map on is automatically bounded, and even --continuous, hence given by convolution with an element in . To this end, we derive a general factorization theorem for bounded families in the -module . Finally, using this result in the case where , we give a short proof of a theorem due to Protasov and Pym, stating that the topological centre of the semigroup is empty, where denotes the -compactification of . This sharpens an earlier result by Lau and Pym; moreover, our method of proof gives a partial answer to a problem raised by Lau and Pym in 1995.

     

Polynomials with roots in for all

Let be a monic polynomial in with no rational roots but with roots in for all , or equivalently, with roots mod for all . It is known that cannot be irreducible but can be a product of two or more irreducible polynomials, and that if is a product of irreducible polynomials, then its Galois group must be a union of conjugates of proper subgroups. We prove that for any , every finite solvable group that is a union of conjugates of proper subgroups (where all these conjugates have trivial intersection) occurs as the Galois group of such a polynomial, and that the same result (with ) holds for all Frobenius groups. It is also observed that every nonsolvable Frobenius group is realizable as the Galois group of a geometric, i.e. regular, extension of .

     

On the triple jump of the set of atoms of a Boolean algebra

We prove the following result concerning the degree spectrum of the atom relation on a computable Boolean algebra. Let be a computable Boolean algebra with infinitely many atoms and be the Turing degree of the atom relation of . If is a c.e. degree such that , then there is a computable copy of where the atom relation has degree . In particular, for every c.e. degree , any computable Boolean algebra with infinitely many atoms has a computable copy where the atom relation has degree .

     

Iterating the Cesàro operators

The discrete Cesàro operator associates to a given complex sequence the sequence , where . When is a convergent sequence we show that converges under the sup-norm if, and only if, . For its adjoint operator , we establish that converges for any .

The continuous Cesàro operator, , has two versions: the finite range case is defined for and the infinite range case for . In the first situation, when is continuous we prove that converges under the sup-norm to the constant function . In the second situation, when is a continuous function having a limit at infinity, we prove that converges under the sup-norm if, and only if, .

     

On the best Hölder exponent for two dimensional elliptic equations in divergence form

We obtain an estimate for the Hölder continuity exponent for weak solutions to the following elliptic equation in divergence form:

where is a bounded open subset of and, for every , is a symmetric matrix with bounded measurable coefficients. Such an estimate ``interpolates' between the well-known estimate of Piccinini and Spagnolo in the isotropic case , where is a bounded measurable function, and our previous result in the unit determinant case . Furthermore, we show that our estimate is sharp. Indeed, for every we construct coefficient matrices such that is isotropic and has unit determinant, and such that our estimate for reduces to an equality, for every .

     

On isomorphisms between centers of integral group rings of finite groups

For finite nilpotent groups and , and a -adapted ring (the rational integers, for example), it is shown that any isomorphism between the centers of the group rings and is monomial, i.e., maps class sums in to class sums in up to multiplication with roots of unity. As a consequence, and have identical character tables if and only if the centers of their integral group rings and are isomorphic. In the course of the proof, a new proof of the class sum correspondence is given.

     

Galois cohomology of completed link groups

In this paper we compute the Galois cohomology of the pro- completion of primitive link groups. Here, a primitive link group is the fundamental group of a tame link in whose linking number diagram is irreducible modulo (e.g. none of the linking numbers is divisible by ).

The result is that (with -coefficients) the Galois cohomology is naturally isomorphic to the -cohomology of the discrete link group.

The main application of this result is that for such groups the Baum-Connes conjecture or the Atiyah conjecture are true for every finite extension (or even every elementary amenable extension), if they are true for the group itself.

     

Self-commutators of automorphic composition operators on the Dirichlet space

Let be a conformal automorphism on the unit disk and be the composition operator on the Dirichlet space induced by . In this article we completely determine the point spectrum, spectrum, essential spectrum and essential norm of the operators and self-commutators of , which expose that the spectrum and point spectrum coincide. We also find the eigenfunctions of the operators.

     

Enriched Reedy categories

We define the notion of an enriched Reedy category and show that if is a -Reedy category for some symmetric monoidal model category and is a -model category, the category of -functors and -natural transformations from to is again a model category.