横向受激布里渊散射诱导破坏的数值研究

基于非线性光学的耦合波理论，建立了大尺寸光学元件中横向受激布里渊散射(TSBS)的二维模型及其数值模拟方法，并对熔石英玻璃中的瞬态TSBS进行了理论研究，得到了存在TSBS情况下光学元件内光场和应力场的演变特征，探讨了TSBS对高功率激光系统透过性能的影响，以及在 光学元件内诱导破坏的可能性和规律. 关键词： 横向受激布里渊散射 光学材料 破坏机理 应力场     

大型光学元件中的横向受激布里渊散射

研究大型光学元件中横向受激布里渊散射的特点和破坏机制,以及横向受激布里渊散射的抑制方案。在理论分析的基础上,进行数值模拟。当入射光强足够高,材料的横向尺寸足够大时,在受激散射过程中产生的弹性声波场有可能超出材料的抗拉强度,从而引起力学破坏;增加泵浦光带宽可以显著降低散射光的增益。强激光辐照下的大尺寸光学元件中很容易激发横向受激布里渊散射;对于大多数强激光系统,20GHz的带宽已经足以抑制TSBS带来的影响。     

镀有增透膜的多层衍射光学元件的优化设计方法

基于等效介质理论和多层衍射元件的本体相位延迟,考虑增透膜相位调制的影响,对多层衍射光学元件的表面微结构参数进行优化;采用优化设计方法分析应用于可见光波段镀有增透膜的多层衍射光学元件。结果表明:优化设计方法在保证增透膜物理作用的前提下,实现了在设计波长处的衍射效率为100%以及在宽波段内具有高多色光积分衍射效率;该方法弥补了传统多层衍射光学元件的设计缺陷,完善了多层衍射光学元件的设计理论,为混合成像系统的设计提供了参考。     

二元光学元件

二元光学元件是一种新型的衍射光学元件,它对光学仪器的小型化、集成化起着很重要的作用。本文介绍了二元光学元件的概况,衍射透镜理论,二元光学元件的制造方法以及发展趋势。     

表面颗粒污染物诱导薄光学元件初始损伤的机理

基于光传输理论研究了前表面颗粒污染物诱导薄光学元件产生初始损伤的原因,提出了颗粒遮光效应和颗粒造成的光学元件局部热变形两者共同作用对光束进行扰动的损伤机理.研究结果表明:对于高功率激光光束,薄光学元件局部热变形对光束的扰动是产生较高光强调制的重要原因;随着激光脉冲发射次数的增加,局部热变形的表面形状、位相延迟幅度、热扩散长度不断变化,会在光学元件内不同厚度处和后表面xy方向上的不同位置处产生较高的光强调制,不仅容易引起后表面产生多个损伤点,也可能在光学元件内就产生损伤,并且在厚度方向上的损伤点是分散的.     

高准确度玻璃光学元件的CMP技术研究

依据化学机械抛光（Chemical Mechanical Polishing,CMP）加工玻璃光学元件的原理,通过对抛光运动机理的理论分析,提出了抛光垫的磨削均匀性对光学元件面形的影响,并设计了新的工艺流程.通过工艺试验,完成了高准确度玻璃光学元件的CMP加工,获得了表面质量N<0.2,Rq<0.3 nm的玻璃光学元件.     

曲面光学元件表面微缺陷透射式偏振检测

国内外近些年来,对于光学元件表面缺陷的检测技术越来越重视。由于光学元件表面质量的好坏会直接影响到光学系统的性能。文章主要针对曲面光学元件中球面和柱面光学元件表面微缺陷的检测问题,提出了一种基于光偏振特性的检测方法。利用光学元件表面缺陷与无缺陷区域之间透射光偏振态的差异,提高整幅图像中缺陷的对比度。首先基于光的偏振理论,利用偏振片获得偏振照明光,并采用共焦照明的方式获得同时对焦的曲面光学元件缺陷图像。其后,利用计算机对缺陷图像进行处理。结果表明采用光的偏振特性对曲面光学元件表面微缺陷的检测,能够获得高对比度、高分辨率的缺陷特征。此方法很好的提高了曲面光学元件表面微缺陷的检测准确度和检测效率,结果表明缺陷的检测准确率达到了95%。     

偏心误差对长波红外波段多层衍射光学元件衍射效率的影响

基于衍射光学元件的相位延迟和衍射效率表达式,推导出了含有偏心误差的多层衍射光学元件衍射效率表达式。建立了含有偏心误差的多层衍射光学元件衍射效率的数学模型,分析了偏心误差对多层衍射光学元件衍射效率及多色光积分衍射效率的影响。以在8~12μm波段内的硫化锌(Zn S)和锗(Ge)为基底材料构成的多层衍射光学元件为例,其设计波长对为8.79μm、11.11μm,构成多层衍射光学元件的两层谐衍射元件微结构高度为78.3391μm、34.6076μm,当多层衍射光学元件的环带宽度分别为500μm和1000μm时,其衍射效率达到95%以上时,偏心误差须分别控制在5.8μm和11.17μm以内。该含有偏心误差的多层衍射光学元件的衍射效率分析模型对于多层衍射光学元件的设计与加工具有重要意义。     

光学元件干涉检测数据的定位处理方法

在光学元件的抛光阶段,通常采用干涉仪对光学元件的面形数据进行检测,为进一步的加工工作提供指导意见.为了利用干涉仪检测数据给出被测光学元件面形上的各点空间坐标准确位置,对面形数据的原始数据做二值化处理,用Sobel算子采用基于边缘检测的方法准确提取光学元件的外形轮廓数据,采用基于半径约束的最小二乘拟合方法对被测光学元件的内、外圆边缘数据进行多次处理,求取内、外圆的圆心位置,半径大小,根据等准确度测量原则获得光学元件面形数据的准确值,为在干涉仪检测所得面形数据上准确建立坐标系提供依据.     

非点光源全息光学元件的点扩散函数和分辨率

本文从标量衍射理论出发,在一定的近似条件下,写出了非点光源情况下全息光学元件的点扩散函数表示式,讨论了光源角宽度对全息光学元件分辨率的影响。     

General design basis for a final optics assembly to decrease filamentary damage

The high-power laser beam in the final optics assembly of high-power laser facilities is often modulated by contamination particles, which may cause local high light intensity, thereby increasing the filamentary damage probability for optical components. To study the general design basis for a final optics assembly to decrease the risk of filamentary damage,different-sized contamination particles deposited on a component surface are simulated to modulate a 351-nm laser beam based on the optical transmission theory, and the corresponding simulation results are analyzed statistically in terms of the propagation characteristic and the light field intensity distribution of the modulated laser beam. The statistical results show that component thickness and distance between components can to some extent be optimized to reduce the appearance of local high light intensity, and the general design basis of component thickness and arrangement are given for different control levels of particle sizes. Moreover, the statistical results can also predict the laser beam quality approximately under the existing optics design and environmental cleanliness. The optimized design for final optics assembly based on environmental cleanliness level is useful to prolong the lifetime of optics and enhance the output power of high-power laser facilities.     

用于激光二极管抽运固体激光器热畸变补偿的微变形镜特性研究

在很多高功率的激光器中,由于热效应的缘故会导致激光器的光束质量大幅下降。为了改善激光光束的动态畸变,自适应光学是一种有效的方法。作为自适应光学系统的核心部件,设计了一种可用于大功率激光二极管抽运固体激光器(DPL)热畸变补偿的新型可变形反射镜,并且通过工艺流片实际制造出有效反射面积为30 mm×30 mm,拥有49个静电驱动单元的可变形反射镜。对该微机电系统(MEMS)微变形镜的变形特性进行了详细的理论分析和模拟研究,并和实际测量结果进行了比较,得到了满意的结果。为了实现闭环控制,对微变形反射镜的光学影响函数矩阵进行了全面测量,并用得到的电压矩阵对畸变激光光束的波前进行了校正。实验结果表明,微变形反射镜可以有效地改善激光光束质量。     

激光技术及强激光与物质相互作用实验

利用科研成果，开设激光技术及强激光与物质相互作用实验，让学生了解强激光与物质相互作用时的2个典型效应：二次非线性光学效应，高压冲击波（光力学）效应，实现了科研与实验教学的紧密结合。     

Target-in-the-loop high-power adaptive phase-locked fiber laser array using single-frequency dithering technique

We present a theoretical and experimental study of a target-in-the-loop (TIL) high-power adaptive phase-locked fiber laser array. The system configuration of the TIL adaptive phase-locked fiber laser array is introduced, and the fundamental theory for TIL based on the single-dithering technique is deduced for the first time. Two 10-W-level high-power fiber amplifiers are set up and adaptive phase locking of the two fiber amplifiers is accomplished successfully by implementing a single-dithering algorithm on a signal processor. The experimental results demonstrate that the optical phase noise for each beam channel can be effectively compensated by the TIL adaptive optics system under high-power applications and the fringe contrast on a remotely located extended target is advanced from 12% to 74% for the two 10-W-level fiber amplifiers.     

External cavity design of high-power diode laser for polarized helium-3 neutron spin filters based on spin-exchange optical pumping

Polarized neutron spin filters are being developed based on spin-exchange optical pumping. In the present study a high-power diode laser (85 W) was used to excite Rb atoms and the laser linewidth was narrowed using an external cavity. The optics in the external cavity were designed by ray tracing. The ray-trace calculations demonstrated that a doublet lens in front of the laser eliminates aberrations. The maximum spectral peak height in the doublet optics was found to be 25% higher than for a singlet lens.     

Laser-Induced Damage Growth on Larger-Aperture Fused Silica Optical Components at 351nm

Laser-induced damage is a key lifetime limiter for optics in high-power laser facility. Damage initiation and growth under 351 nm high-fluence laser irradiation are observed on larger-aperture fused silica optics. The input surface of one fused silica component is damaged most severely and an explanation is presented. Obscurations and the area of a scratch on it are found to grow exponentially with the shot number. The area of damage site grows linearly. Micrographs of damage sites support the micro-explosion damage model which could be used to qualitatively explain the phenomena.     

熔石英损伤修复坑下游光场调制的数值模拟与实验研究

系统研究了熔石英激光损伤修复后的形貌特征,根据测量数据建立了典型的损伤修复坑三维模型,利用标量衍射理论并结合快速傅里叶变换算法研究了修复坑在351 nm激光辐照下游光场调制的分布规律.研究表明,修复坑引起的光场调制会使得下游不同距离位置处出现环形光场增强区和轴上位置光场增强点;环形光场增强区位置距离修复元件较近,其环形调制极大值主要受修复坑深度的影响,且随修复坑深度的增大而逐渐增加;轴上位置光场增强点位置距离修复元件较远,其轴上调制极大值主要受修复坑边缘凸起高度的影响,且随凸起高度的增大而快速增加;环形调制极大值或轴上调制极大值增大的同时,其分布位置与修复元件之间的距离均会逐渐减小.实验验证表明,利用三维修复坑模型得到的下游光场调制数值模拟结果与实验测量结果具有较好的一致性.本研究结果对控制熔石英元件损伤修复形貌特征以抑制调制增强效应给出了具体的控制方向,对修复工艺的改进与完善提供了非常有意义的参考.     

Development of Transmission Optics for High-Power TEA CO2 Lasers and Methods of Increasing Laser-Radiation Resistance of Materials for High-Power IR Optics

The results of analytical and experimental investigations aimed at increasing laser-radiation resistance of materials for IR optics and developing high-power optics for microsecond TEA CO₂ lasers with energy per pulse up to 12–25 kJ and gas-dynamic CO₂ lasers with energy per pulse up to 130 kJ are presented. It is demonstrated that the integrated approach that combines the improvement of already existing technological methods and the development of novel technological methods for refining the parameters of materials for transmission IR optics (including techniques of growth of single crystals, strain hardening, and laser, ionic, and chemical treatment), the design and optimization of optical units (including the development of segmented transmission optics, the improvement of optical schemes for spatial formation of laser beams, the use of fast-response physical effects to screen optical elements from high-power fluxes of laser radiation) is necessary to solve this problem.