多量程原位水质总磷总氮一体式在线监测仪

针对地表水和城镇污水对于总磷(TP)总氮(TN)联合测定的需求,基于国标法提出了联合测定原理,利用顺序注射技术和微控技术建立水质总磷总氮多量程在线监测系统,完成了TP和TN的测定。总磷的测定量程分为0～1.2,1.2～2.5,2.5～5μg·mL~(-1);总氮测定量程分为0～10,10～20,20～40μg·mL~(-1)。测定范围涵盖地表水环境I～V类水和城镇污水处理厂排放标准中总磷、总氮的标准限值。利用交替最小二乘拟合算法建立了总磷与总氮测定的回归模型。实验结果表明,其校正决定系数≥0.996 4,最低检出限分别为0.01μg·mL~(-1)和0.05μg·mL~(-1),重复性相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.36%～3.84%、0.78%～3.69%,贵州七大水库实际水样数据比对中,总磷相对误差≤±3.7838%,总氮相对误差≤±3.69%。系统运行稳定,可以精准、高效地分析不同地表水样的总磷总氮,为环境保护和污水排放提供了技术支持,尤其适用于实验室、站房式、便携式在线水质监测。     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法直接测定工业废水中锰

水中锰的测定被列为环境监测的一个重要项目。本文研究了工业废水中锰测定时遇到的干扰问题和最佳测定条件,采用提高灰化温度,塞曼背景校正解决工业废水中严重的背景干扰,试样从石墨平台上蒸发原子化,氩气作载气,原子化期间停气,测量信号峰面积,纯锰标准溶液曲线直接测定。方法灵敏快速,简便易行,有一定通用性。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中的总磷

建立了ICP-OES测定水中总磷的方法,并对最佳测试条件的选择进行了探讨.在优化条件下,总磷的校准曲线在0.1010mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系.在低、中、高3个添加水平,总磷的回收率为97.5％-101％,相对标准偏差为1.18％-2.13.本方法检出限为0.012mg/L.     

测定树木中总氮和总磷的新方法

本文采用过硫酸盐氧化树样中的总氮为硝态氮、总磷为磷酸盐,用分光光度法测定总氮量和总磷量,测得结果表明,本法所得精密度和准确度是比较好的,本方法能批量处理样品;省时、省电、省试剂、环境污染少。本法适用于树木中总氮总磷的测量。     

基于Fenton试剂和微型光谱仪实现水质COD和总磷的在线测定

基于Fenton试剂和微型光谱仪,实现了水质化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)和总磷(total phosphorus, TP)的在线测定。该系统结合超声辅助,基于Fenton试剂实现了常温常压下水中有机化合物和有机磷化合物的在线消解。系统基于微型光谱仪实现了可见光光谱探测并采用多波长分光光度法分析光谱数据。结果表明,系统具有测定时间短,低功耗,结构简单和二次污染少的优点。同时,系统测定相对误差小于10%,COD和总磷检测限分别为2和0.008 mg·L-1,灵敏度分别为0.021 3和0.452 6,标准偏差分别为5.6%(15.0 mg·L-1 COD标样)和5.8%(0.010 mg·L-1 总磷标样)。实际水样测定结果与国家标准分析方法比较无显著差异。     

流动注射在线光催化降解-分光光度法测定水中总磷

本文研究了利用二氧化钛光催化作用并添加适量过硫酸钾降解水体中的无机 /有机膦 ,通过流动注射分光光度法法测定总磷的含量。结果表明 :在二氧化钛和过硫酸钾的协同作用下 ,可有效降解无机 /有机膦。利用流动注射技术可以快速测定总磷的含量 ,在 30样 / h的采样频率下 ,检出限 (3σ)为 0 .0 2 mg/ L,线性范围为 0— 2 .5 mg/ L,RSD为 0 .2 1%。可用于工业循环水总磷的测定 ,结果满意     

分光光度法测定工业废水中的铁

根据微量铁的测定方法,用邻菲罗啉分光光度法测定工业废水中铁的含量,方法简便,快捷,准确.工业废水中的铁多以Fe<'3+>存在,用盐酸羟胺还原为Fe<'2+>后,Fe<'2+>能与邻菲罗啉形成有色络合物,可用分光光度法测定.在实际操作过程中,探讨了最大吸收波长,显色时间,pH值等对测定结果的影响,确定最佳实验条件后,完成...     

基于Fenton试剂和微型光谱仪实现水质COD和总磷的在线测定（英文）

基于Fenton试剂和微型光谱仪,实现了水质化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)和总磷(total phosphorus,TP)的在线测定。该系统结合超声辅助,基于Fenton试剂实现了常温常压下水中有机化合物和有机磷化合物的在线消解。系统基于微型光谱仪实现了可见光光谱探测并采用多波长分光光度法分析光谱数据。结果表明,系统具有测定时间短,低功耗,结构简单和二次污染少的优点。同时,系统测定相对误差小于10%,COD和总磷检测限分别为2和0.008mg·L~(-1),灵敏度分别为0.021 3和0.452 6,标准偏差分别为5.6%(15.0mg·L~(-1) COD标样)和5.8%(0.010mg·L~(-1)总磷标样)。实际水样测定结果与国家标准分析方法比较无显著差异。     

超声辅助Fenton试剂消解-光谱分析法快速测定水质总磷

针对目前国家标准分析方法检测水质总磷的技术不足,提出一种常温常压条件下基于超声辅助Fenton试剂消解样品与光谱分析的水质总磷快速测定方法,设计了在线分析实验系统,研究了测定实验方法与技术,针对实际环境水样,展开了与国家标准分析方法的现场对比测试实验,实验结果表明该消解方法在13.5 min内即可达到国家标准分析方法的消解率(97%～100%),检测周期为16 min, 解决了现有国家标准分析方法存在的技术不足,对水质总磷快速在线监测仪器的研发提供了重要的实验基础与技术支持。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱联用法测定工业废水中的致癌芳香胺

研究了使用固相微萃取聚二甲基硅氧烷/对乙烯基苯(Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene,PDMS/DVB)纤维头顶空萃取方式与气相色谱-氢火焰检测器联用技术测定工业废水中的痕量邻甲苯胺。讨论了萃取纤维头的极性,萃取方式及时间,水溶液的酸度及盐效应和气相色谱解吸时间等因素对萃取率的影响,确定了固相微萃取的最佳条件,得到邻甲苯胺在水中的浓度在0.1—0.8mg/L之间有良好的线性关系,R2=0.9990,回收率为83.5%—87.3%,并成功地用于工业废水中邻甲苯胺的测定。     

Total annoyance from an industrial noise source with a main spectral component combined with a background noise

When living close to an industrial plant, people are exposed to a combination of industrial noise sources and a background noise composed of all the other noise sources in the environment. As a first step, noise annoyance indicators in laboratory conditions are proposed for a single exposure to an industrial noise source. The second step detailed in this paper involves determining total annoyance indicators in laboratory conditions for ambient noises composed of an industrial noise source and a background noise. Two types of steady and permanent industrial noise sources are studied: low frequency noises with a main spectral component at 100 Hz, and noises with a main spectral component in middle frequencies. Five background noises are assessed so as to take into account different sound environments which can usually be heard by people living around an industrial plant. One main conclusion of this study is that two different analyses are necessary to determine total annoyance indicators for this type of ambient noise, depending on the industrial noise source composing it. Therefore, two total annoyance indicators adapted to the ambient noises studied are proposed.     

Consequences of recent gas turbine developments for industrial CHP applications

Developments in gas turbine (GT) technology have been considerable during the last few years. In this paper, consequences regarding the technical performance for industrial combined heat and power applications are discussed and the most important design parameters are identified. Some GT types, which represent different stages of the developmental trend, are analysed in the simple and the combined cycle. Both the industrial and the aero-derivative GT classes are included. Conclusions are: (i) Generally, the developments have broadened the span of achievable power-to-heat ratios (α-values). Values between 0 and 1.5 are obtainable for different GT-based schemes with acceptable total efficiencies. (ii) The total efficiencies achievable depend strongly, and differently for different GT types, on the nature of the heat demands in the industrial process. (iii) When opportunities do not exist to cool the exhaust gases in an economizer, i.e. when the stack temperature is directly given by process heat demands, the total efficiency is independent of the GT class. For both classes, however, the development has led to higher total efficiencies when the process temperature demands are high. (iv) When opportunities exist to cool the exhaust gases in an economizer (which is often the case for the simple cycle and always for the combined cycle), the industrial GT developments have given improved ability to reach a high total efficiency. The new aero-derivative types, on the contrary, are worse than the conventional ones in this respect. This can also lead to worse performance in combined cycles for the new aero-derivative types. (v) When supplementary firing is applied, however, the total efficiency is high and similar for all various units and conditions. The ‘new aero-derivative’ units have, in that case, superior α-values—especially in the combined cycle.     

Heat and electricity consumption of large industrial energy users in The Netherlands

On the basis of information that can be extracted from existing databases, combined with information from literature and interviews, a database called BIN has been constructed containing data about the consumption of fuel, steam and electricity by approximately the 300 largest energy-consuming industrial plants in The Netherlands. Comparison with national statistics shows that the industrial plants incorporated in the database are responsible for 80% of the total industrial demand on primary energy carriers (excluding their use as feedstock). Thirteen industrial plants already cover 50% of this demand. The paper and board industry, the refineries, the chemical industry, and the basic metal industry are almost consumption over size classes has been derived. This article also gives the temperature distribution of the industrial steam consumption in The Netherlands. Of the 64 million tonnes of steam produced in boilers in the industrial plants included in the database the weighted average enthalpy is 3.17 MJ/kg and the average exergy is 1.29 MJ/kg, both with liquid water of 10°C as the reference. The plant-specific data included in the database can be used for research into industrial energy conservation measures, e.g. the combined generation of heat and power (CHP).     

红外吸收法测定焦炭中的全硫

在优化的分析条件下,用高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定非电磁感应性物质焦炭中全硫.该方法快速、简单,实际样品分析结果满意,适用于企业生产.     

Workshop on high energy X-ray scattering at the APS

SPring-8 has been successfully increasing the use of its cutting-edge facilities by industrial researchers and continuously improving the system for supporting new users when carrying out experiments. The most important factor contributing to this success is the synchronicity of both the appointment of new staff and the implementation of new propulsion programs. As a result, nearly 300 research proposals were accepted in 2006 from industries in various fields, such as electronics, materials, life science, energy and the environment, and the beamtime assigned to industrial use was about 20% of the total user beamtime.     

Treatment of industrial wastewater effluents using hydrodynamic cavitation and the advanced Fenton process

For the first time, hydrodynamic cavitation induced by a liquid whistle reactor (LWR) has been used in conjunction with the advanced Fenton process (AFP) for the treatment of real industrial wastewater. Semi-batch experiments in the LWR were designed to investigate the performance of the process for two different industrial wastewater samples. The effect of various operating parameters such as pressure, H2O2 concentration and the initial concentration of industrial wastewater samples on the extent of mineralization as measured by total organic carbon (TOC) content have been studied with the aim of maximizing the extent of degradation. It has been observed that higher pressures, sequential addition of hydrogen peroxide at higher loadings and lower concentration of the effluent are more favourable for a rapid TOC mineralization. In general, the novel combination of hydrodynamic cavitation with AFP results in about 60-80% removal of TOC under optimized conditions depending on the type of industrial effluent samples. The combination described herein is most useful for treatment of bio-refractory materials where the diminution in toxicity can be achieved up to a certain level and then conventional biological oxidation can be employed for final treatment. The present work is the first to report the use of a hydrodynamic cavitation technique for real industrial wastewater treatment.     

New insights on optimal integration of heat pumps in industrial sites

Many industrial complexes are total sites consisting of processes and the facilities that supply these processes with the required quantities of heat and power. Any meaningful heat pump integration procedure should, therefore, be based on a clear understanding of the site thermodynamics and economics, especially the utility system-process interactions. Pinch technology provides an excellent framework for systematic analysis of such interactions.In this paper, options for appropriate placement of heat pumps in total sites are clearly delineated. A general equation for maximum economic lift is presented. Application of this equation to different heat pump types provides novel insights on the roles and characteristics of heat pumps in industrial sites. An expression for maximum theoretical economic lift is also derived. This expression can be used to define, a priori, the region in temperature space within which the optimum heat pump lift must lie.     

面向边缘智能光学感知的航空紧固件旋转检测

针对航空紧固件分拣过程中现有方法存在效率低、成本高、精度差等问题,提出一种面向边缘智能光学感知的旋转目标检测方法。构建一种基于强化语义和优化空间的特征融合机制,有效提升目标检测模型的性能;设计一种空洞幻影模块,减少特征融合网络的参数量,有利于模型在工业场景下的边缘部署;采用高斯类环形平滑标签方法,在模型检测层预测分支上实现旋转目标检测,显著提升模型检测性能,并更有助于工业机器人自动抓取。在权威公开旋转数据集上,检测准确率达到77.16%。最后,在嵌入式智能设备上进行边缘部署并测试,整体准确率达到99.76%,推理速度超过20 FPS (frames per second),满足工业应用的要求。     

非色散红外吸收法测定地表水和废水中的总有机碳

用燃烧氧化 -非色散红外吸收法测定了杭州市辖区内的地表水、污水处理厂排水和不同行业工业废水中的总有机碳 (TOC)。结果表明 ,本法检出限为 0 .3mg/ L ,对于 TOC浓度在 6 .1— 12 0 mg/ L范围内水样的测定 ,相对标准偏差在 1.3%— 10 %之间。     

EDXRF analysis of suspended particulate matter (SPM) from residential and industrial areas in Cairo,Egypt

Due to the remarkable increasing of the mass concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) as an air pollution indicator in Greater Cairo‐Egypt, regular sampling during autumn 2014 and winter 2014/2015 seasons has been performed from industrial and residential areas. It was found that the average mass concentrations of the SPM collected from residential and industrial areas are equal to 531 ± 198 and 912 ± 230 μg/m³, respectively. These quantities are much higher than the maximum allowance level, especially for the industrial area. By utilizing three secondary targets, energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence working under vacuum environment was used for elemental analysis of 19 elements namely; Na, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Se, Br, Rb, and Sr. The present optimized selective excitation energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence analysis has considerably enhanced the analytical range with respect to our previous similar studies, including low Z elements such as Na, Al, S, and Cl and attaining lower detection limits in the range of ng/m³. Remarkable high elemental concentrations were determined for most of the detected elements from the industrial area samples, strongly indicating the influence of the industrial and anthropogenic activities. The average percentages of the mass concentration of the detected inorganic elements account only for 3.2% and 10.5% of the total mass concentration collected from the residential and industrial areas, respectively, thus directly indicating that the content of organic pollutants in SPM is the dominant contribution.