用氯离子电极同时测定阳离子表面活性剂的CMC及反离子缔合度

临界胶束浓度(CMC)是研究表面活性剂的一个重要参数,胶束的反离子缔合度(K)是重要的特性参数。本文以阳离子表面活性剂十烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTMAC)、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC)、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵(TTAC)、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)和十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)水溶液体系为研究对象,用氯离子选择电极分别测定了其水溶液体系胶束的CMC和K。     

用电活性离子对制成的离子选择电极测定阳离子表面活性剂

制备了3种基于不同电活性物质(十二烷基二甲基苄基铵-四苯硼、十六烷基三甲基铵-四苯硼、十八烷基三甲基铵-四苯硼)的阳离子表面活性剂离子选择电极,并对其性能做了测定,结果显示该类电极对阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵均有能斯特响应。以此类电极作为指示电极,四苯硼钠溶液作为滴定剂,对阳离子表面活性剂(十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、海明1622)进行了活性物含量的测定,与两相滴定法测定结果进行了比较。     

十四烷基三甲基氯化铵/十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合表面活性剂双水相体系的萃取性能

研究了十四烷基三甲基氯化铵(TTAC)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)混合表面活性剂水溶液双水相体系的分相情况、萃取性能及两相的微观结构.结果表明,TTAC/SDBS混合表面活性剂水溶液在30℃下能够形成稳定的双水相体系;该双水相体系对亚甲基蓝、靛红都具有一定的萃取分离作用.其上、下两相的微观结构明显不同,这是其能够形成稳定双水相体系且具有萃取作用的重要原因.     

新型双生阳离子季铵盐的合成及其表面活性

以草酸、十二烷基二甲基胺和环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成了一种新型的双酯类双生阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂———3,3'-二(N,N-二甲基十二烷基氨基)-乙二酸甘油二酯(1),其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。利用表面张力法测得1的临界胶束浓度及其对应的表面张力分别为2.16×10-4mol·L-1和35.7 mN·m-1。界面活性测试结果表明,1的发泡力和稳泡性数值分别为1.30和0.923;1相对于10#机油的增溶力及相对于煤油的乳化力均比传统表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵高。     

四甲基溴化铵及不同链长表面活性剂对甲基纤维素-邻甲氧基肉桂酸溶液凝胶化行为的影响

测定了四甲基溴化铵以及表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TTAB)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对甲基纤维素(MC)-4邻甲氧基肉桂酸钠盐(OMC-)体系的凝胶化行为的影响.结果表明:含DTAB、TTAB以及CTAB的MC-OMC溶液的溶胶-凝胶转变温度不随表面活性剂质量分数的变化而变化,但是向MC-OMC溶液中加入四甲基溴化铵,体系的溶胶-凝胶转变温度会显著下降.在含四甲基溴化铵或不同链长表面活性剂的MC-OMC-溶液中,TTAB等表面活性剂分子更倾向于在水溶液中形成球状胶束;四甲基溴化铵与OMC-有着较强的静电作用,会导致MC和OMC-形成的核-壳结构破裂.     

薄层色谱法在Gemini阳离子表面活性剂制备中的应用

以十八烷基二甲基胺(OTA)和环氧氯丙烷(EPIC)为反应原料,经过环氧中间体十八烷基失水甘油基二甲基氯化铵(OGDMAC)合成了Gemini阳离子表面活性剂1,3二(十八烷基二甲基氯化铵)异丙醇。利用薄层色谱法与经典化学滴定法相结合,对其合成及纯化过程进行跟踪,展示了薄层色谱法在Gemini阳离子表面活性剂制备中的应用。     

表面活性剂@Weakley型稀土多酸复合催化剂对甲基橙的光催化降解活性

以光催化活性高的多酸阴离子CeW_(10)O_(36)~(9-)、不同结构阳离子表面活性剂为构筑基元,通过水/氯仿两相静电包埋技术制备了一系列表面活性剂@多酸复合物,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)对复合物的组成及结构进行分析;以甲基橙为光催化降解底物分子、表面活性剂@多酸复合物为催化剂,考察不同表面活性剂、催化剂用量、甲基橙浓度、有机染料对光催化降解率的影响;不同表面活性剂@稀土多酸复合催化剂的光催化活性顺序为DTAB(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)@CeW_(10)TTAB(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵)@CeW_(10)CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)@CeW_(10)OTAB(十八烷基三甲基溴化铵)@CeW_(10)DODA(双十八烷基二甲基溴化铵)@CeW_(10)。     

P(DMOAB-AM)共聚物的制备及其与表面活性剂的相互作用

以二甲基十八烷基(3-丙烯酰胺丙基)溴化铵(DMOAB)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)为混合胶束剂,采用自由基胶束共聚法制备了兼具离子性和疏水缔合两种结构特性的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺P(DMOAB AM),其结构经FT-IR表征。运用表观粘度法初步研究了表面活性剂对P(DMOAB-AM)溶液表观粘度的影响。结果表明：油酸钾(KOA)对P(DMOAB-AM)溶液表观粘度的影响明显优越于OTAC。KOA与P(DMOAB-AM)之间存在协同增粘效应,且P(DMOAB-AM)/阴离子表面活性剂缔合体系“网络结构”的强弱取决于表面活性剂烷基链的长度。     

乳液聚合法制备剥离型PS/MMT纳米复合材料

以阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)和烯丙基十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(ATAC)为插层处理剂改性蒙脱土(MMT),原位乳液聚合分别制备了PS/C18MMT和PS/AC18MMT两种纳米复合材料.XRD和TEM分析表明,MMT均被剥离成单个或几个片层无规的分散在PS基体中,TGA分析表明,MMT的加入提高了材料的耐热性能,当PS基体与有机化处理的MMT片层发生一定的化学连接后,PS/AC18MMT纳米复合材料表现出更好的耐热性能.动态力学分析表明,MMT的加入提高了PS的玻璃态储能模量,降低了材料的动态损耗;PS/AC18MMT纳米复合材料的玻璃化温度较PS有所提高,而PS/C18MMT的玻璃化温度与PS相比略有降低.     

味觉电化学传感器的研究：黄连素对模拟生物膜的响应

本文研究十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵＋乙醇／含苦味酸的硝基苯溶液／蔗糖水溶液新体系，观察到体系油水界面液膜的自发电势振荡和甜、酸、苦、咸物质对振荡的影响，建立了这一体系测定有味物质的定性、定量方法，并对黄连是这一苦味物质进行定量测定。同时，利用Ｃ６０修饰电极测定表面活性剂分子的浓度变化，解释了产生自发振荡的原因及振荡膜对黄连素的响应机理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.