Influence of temperature on integrated intensity of (200) reflection of pure Al

The temperature dependence of the intensity and reflecting range of the (200) reflection of X-rays on an aluminium crystal exhibiting strong primary extinction was studied. It was found that the observed temperature dependence cannot be even approximately expressed by the Debye-Waller factor. The reversible change in the system of imperfections in the crystal is suggested and discussed as a mechanism qualitatively explaining the observed phenomena.

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(200) A1

(200) , . , , , -. , .

     

ПЛОТНОСТЬ ТОКА В АНОД НЫХ ПЯТНАХ ИСКРОВЫХ РАЗРЯДОВ В ВОЗДУХЕ ПР И АТМОСФЕРНОМ ДАВЛЕН ИИ

annapamyp, . .     

К ВОПРОСУ НЕОДНОРОДН ОСТИ РАЗМАГНИЧИВАЮЩ ИХ ПОЛЕИ ПРИ ФЕРРОМАГНИ ТНОМ РЕЗОНАНСЕ

. - . , - .     

ЗАТУХАНИЕ КОЛЕБАНИЙ ЧАСТИЦ В ОБЩЕМ ПОЛЕ С ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ I

, , . , . .

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The damping of particle oscillations in a general field with periodic structure I

A liner theory is derived, discussing the dynamics of particles in the region of an equilibrium orbit in a general electromagnetic field, which forms a periodic system. The total particle damping is determined from the Hamiltonian found and from dissipative forces brought out by a classical reaction radiation. Relations for the damping of the synchrotron oscillations are derived from the study of the appropriate phase space.

     

Zum Problem der Exoelektronenemission

Zusammenfassung Es werden die zwei einfachsten Fälle der Exoelektronenemission untersucht und auf Grund dessen geeignete Verfahren zur Verarbeitung der Versuchsergebnisse vorgeschlagen.

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The formation of dislocations by a spark discharge

The arrangement of dislocations formed in a single crystal of the alloy Fe-4·2% Si by a spark discharge in air is studied. The dislocations are made visible by etching on the surfaces perpendicular and parallel to the axis of the crater. The results of the observations are explained on the basis of microphysical conceptions of plastic deformation.

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, Fe— 4,2% Si . , . .

     

ТЕПЛОВАЯ ЭНЕРГИЯ ДИССОЦИАЦИИ И ОСНОВН ОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕF 2 + -ЦЕНТРОВ

+ - , , g - . , . .F ₂ ⁺ -. .     

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКВИВ АЛЕНТНАЯ СХЕМА ЗАТУХАЮЩИХ КОЛЕБАНИ Й ИЗГИБА У ПБЕЗОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИ Х СТЕРЖНЕЙ

- .     

Normalization in the Spinor Strong Interaction Theory and Strong Decay of Vector Meson V → PP

The meson wave function in the spinor stronginteraction theory is uniquely normalized on dimensionalgrounds, thus bypassing the fundamental problems in thenormalization of Klein-Gordon (KG) and Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes for mesons. While the KG amplitudeis proportional to 1/E, the present meson wavefunction is not and is thus flavor-independent. Theconfinement term is inactive for free mesons, but isactivated when interacting with another hadron or chargedlepton. The theory is applied to the strong decay of atwo-quark vector meson into two pseudoscalar mesons V PP. The so-obtained and estimated decay rates are consistent with data, as are the ratios ofthese rates to the corresponding radiative decay V P rates. These decay rates indicate apossible connection of the strong quark-quark coupling_s with the electromagnetic coupling alpha via_s = ^1/4 = 0.2923.Contrary to the standard electroweak model (SM), theelectromagnetic and weak couplings are detached fromeach other in connection with the absence of Higgs bosons,without altering the main results of the SM.     

Time production and spatial distribution of macroscopic space charges in D-C discharge plasma

It is shown for a one-dimensional approximation that, around a disturbance in the ion concentrationn ₊(x, t) in the axial direction of a cylindrical plasma, a corresponding electron distributionn _–(x, t) is established with such a large velocity that under the usual conditions of a discharge plasma this electron distribution follows the relatively slow changes in ion concentration practically without delay. Relation (24) then holds for the electron concentration, the parametersl ₁,l _D being given by Eqs. (15) and (16). As long as the disturbance of the ions isn ₊(x) 0, a space chargeq ₀(n ₊-n_–) is produced and maintained in the plasma even if the disturbance of the equilibrium state of the plasma in the initial stage was electrically neutral (i.e.n ₊(x, t=0)==n _–(x,t=0)). The dimensions of these space charges can be many orders larger than the Debye characteristic lengthl _D ; this is shown on an example of a spatially periodic curven ₊(x). The unique (quasi-stationary) expression of the electron concentrationn _– by means of the deflection of the ion concentrationn ₊(x, t) permits a considerable simplification of the solution of the problems connected with axially disturbing the homogeneous state of a plasma, sincen _–(x, t) can be eliminated from the equations of continuity of the plasma by substituting from (24), and the problem becomes that of determining the curve of the ion concentrationn ₊ from the equations modified in this way.

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, ₊(, t) - _–(, t) , . (24), l ₁ l _D (15) (16). ₊() 0, q ₀(n₊ — n_–), , (..n ₊(x,0)=_–(, 0)). () _{– +}(, t) , , . . _–(, t) n ₊ .

     

The basic equations of the dynamics of the continuous distribution of dislocations I. General theory

The basic equations of the dynamics of the continuous distribution of dislocations analogical to Maxwell's equations are derived in a series of papers I, II, III. The analogy of the elastic and electromagnetic fields is analyzed. In part I the basic equations of the continuous distribution of dislocations are derived for the dynamic case (especially for small deformations and for the Poisson ratio equal to zero in a continuum, infinite with respect to space and time, from the variational problem by means of the formal apparatus of the special theory of relativity.

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I.

, . . , , .

     

Fatigue of Sb-Cs photocathodes

This experimental work deals with the influence of fatigue on the properties of the antimony cesium (Cs₃Sb) photocathode sensitized with oxygen. Photocells of special construction were prepared for the measurement and they were fatigued by illuminating them with white light from a tungsten lamp. The effect of fatigue on the spectral response curve, on the optical properties, values of activating energies, type of conductivity, current-voltage curves and integral sensitivity were investigated. In connection with the fatigue a shift of the long wavelength threshold towards shorter wavelengths, a decrease of response in the whole spectral range, changes in absorption and a drop in the value of the refractive index were observed. The maximum values of the activation energies, determined from measurements of the temperature dependence of the dark conductivity did not change. The conductivity of the photocathode was found to be of thep-type. The fatigue had certain effects on the current-voltage curves, the starting point of the anode current and the saturation point showing a certain shift towards lower positive anode voltages with fatigue. The relation between the fatigue and temperature rise of the photocathode due to the absorption of radiation was investigated. Finally some problems related to the mechanism of photoemission from the photocathodes are discussed.

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Sb-Cs

- Cs₃Sb. , . , , , , - . , , , . , , . p. - : . . , .

     

ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИЗ МЕРЕНИЯ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОЗДУШНОГО ПОТОКА МЕ ТОДОМ НАКАЛЕННОЙ ПРО ВОЛОКИ ПРИ ВЫСОКНХ ПОДЗВУКО ВЫХ СКОРОСТЯХ

d - l - t _d R _max - J , ( ) - - , . . - ( ) - - R R _max —R. ,      

The influence of plastic deformation on the magnetostriction constant of nickel

The magnetostriction constant of nickel was measured as a function of plastic deformation up to an elongation of 30%. The values of the magnetostriction constant in deformed samples deviate considerably, a fact which cannot be explained by errors of measurement. The absolute value of the magnetostriction constant decreases with increasing plastic deformation (by around 5%).

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30% . , . ( 5%).

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In conclusion the authors thank J. Kaczér, C. Sc. and B. esták, C. Sc. for carefully reading the paper and for their remarks, J. Míová for help in the measurements and workers of the chemical department of our Institute for careful preparation of the samples.     

Unitarity bounds for 4-fermion contact interactions

In this paper we consider the effect of unitarity bounds s_bs(E₁+E₂) _cms ² for the recently proposed types of nonderivative 4-fermion contact interactions. To this purpose we decompose the helicity amplitudes at c.m.s. into partial waves. The bounds are defined to hold for all reaction channels due to the same type of contact interaction. We find s_b=4/. Here is the coupling constant. The factor depends on the type of coupling and on the different cases to identify the fermions. It ranges from 1/3 to 4.     

К процессам в электро дных оБластях в силъноточных кратк овременных электрических разря дах

.

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On processes in electrode spaces of short-time high-intensity electric discharges

The conditions and causes of the interrupted emission of the vapours of the material of short-time high-intensity electric discharge electrodes are discussed on the basis of earlier and new observations.

     

The 1/N F expansion of the γ and β functions in Q.E.D.

The Callan-Symanzik- and-functions are calculated analytically for Q.E.D. in the limit of a large number of leptons (N _F) up to terms of order 1/N _F inclusive. We give closed analytic expressions for the coefficients of these terms in their series expansion in powers ofK N _F/. We have been able to sum these series and to obtain some striking results.     

A remark on the decay rate of bound muons

The probability of the decay of a bound -meson is calculated using the theory of weak interactions with an intermediate boson. It is found that this theory, like all the others, cannot explain the experimental maximum atZ=26.

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- K-

- K- . , , , Z=26.

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I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Professor V. Votruba for suggesting the problem and for valuable discussions.     

Замечание К теории по степенного возникновения подви жных слоев в плазме инертных газов

[1] t _B , t _B . , t _B , . .

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A note on the theory of the successive production of moving striations in the plasma of inert gases

Approximate expressions are derived on the basis of Pekárek's theoretical paper [1] for the period of the maximum t_B of a wave packet produced by the passage of a wave of stratification before the aperture of a photomultiplier, and for its time width in the half-height t_B. The relaxation time of a wave of stratification, following from the theory [1], can thus be calculated by means of the experimentally measured velocity of motion of the maximum of a wave packet u and its width t_B. The calculation is supplemented by numerical data on the magnitude of errors committed by using approximate expressions.