Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8

The lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 (strain 161) isolated from the microbial mass by aqueous-phenol extraction contains residues of L-fucose-6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis the following structure is suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of the LPS ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovar 0:8:     

Comparative structural study of the lipopolysaccharides of Y. enterocolitica serovars 0:7.8 and 0:19.8

The lipopolysaccharides ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovars 0:7.8 (strain 106) and 0:19.8 (strain 842), isolated from the microbial mass by phenol-water extraction, contained residues of L-fucose, 6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharides obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 were a mixture of the O-specific polysaccharide and the core, which could not be separated even by repeated rechromatography because of the comparability of their molecular masses. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis, a structure has been suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides ofY. enterocolitica of the serovars studied.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 763–770, November–December, 1989.     

Comparative structural study of the lipopolysaccharides of Y. enterocolitica serovars 0:7.8 and 0:19.8

The lipopolysaccharides ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovars 0:7.8 (strain 106) and 0:19.8 (strain 842), isolated from the microbial mass by phenol-water extraction, contained residues of L-fucose, 6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharides obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 were a mixture of the O-specific polysaccharide and the core, which could not be separated even by repeated rechromatography because of the comparability of their molecular masses. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis, a structure has been suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides ofY. enterocolitica of the serovars studied. Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 763–770, November–December, 1989.     

Investigation of the core of the lipopolysaccharides ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis

Lipopolysaccharides have been isolated from two R mutants of the pseudotuberculosis microbeYersinia tuberculosis, serovar VA. Mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 gave the core oligosaccharides OS I and OS II. Complete acid hydrolysis showed that OS I consisted of residues of D-galactose, G-glucose, two heptoses (D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose), and D-glucosamine in a ratio of 1:2.5:4:1, while OS II consisted of residues of D-glucose, heptoses, and D-glucosamine in a ratio of 1:2.5:0.2. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, etc., a partial structure of the core oligosaccharide of the LPS ofY. pseudotuberculosis has been put forward.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 751–755, November–December, 1985.     

Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis of type IB

Summary Using the chromato-mass spectrometry of the methylated sugars formed in the hydrolysis of the fully methylated lipopolysaccharide fromYersinia pseudotuberculosis of type IB the nature of the glycosidic bonds between the monosaccharide residues has been established. The hapten formed in the partial hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide has also been studied by methylation. The results obtained have confirmed the results of an investigation of the methylated lipopolysaccharide; they have enabled an idea to be put forward of the composition of the repeating unit of the O-specific side chains of the lipopolysaccharide.Pacific-Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 563–570, September–October, 1975.     

Polysaccharides ofPlantago major

Summary 1. The partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharide of the leaves ofPlantago major L. has given degraded pectic acid.2. A study of the physicochemical properties and IR spectra of the polygalacturonide and the products of its periodate-nitric acid oxidation has shown that the galacturonic acid residues in degraded pectic acid are in the pyranose from and are linked by a-0-1-4 bonds.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 80–83, 1967     

Polysaccharide from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana

A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana and has been characterized. It has been established that it contains residues of galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose, in a ratio of 3:4:1:3 and also D-galacturonic acid (85–90%). The results obtained permit the polysaccharide to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 166–169, March–April, 1982.     

Lipopolysaccharides fromMastigocladus laminosus

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been isolated by phenol-water extraction from the cells of the blue-green algaMastigocladus laminosus. It has been shown that the LPS contains polysaccharide and lipid components. The polysaccharide component includes a rhamnan fragment constructed of -1,3- and, possibly, -1,2-bound L-rhamnose residues. The lipid component is constructed of glucosamine, glucose, and fatty acid residues, among which palmitic acid predominates.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 700–703, November–December, 1984.     

Polysaccharides fromSpirulina platensis

A lipoglucan and a lipopolysaccharide have been isolated from an aqueous phenol extract of the cells ofSpirulina platensis. The carbohydrate moiety of the lipopolysaccharide consists of residues of rhamnose, glucose, 2-keto-3-deoxymanno-octanic acid, and glucosamine. A 2,3-di-O-methylpentose and a 2-O-methyl-6-deoxyhexose have been detected as minor components, and the presence of galactose, mannose, and xylose residues in trace amounts is possible. The lipid component of the biopolymers includes residues of glucosamine and of fatty acids: myristic, palmitic, and stearic. The carbohydrate chain of the lipoglucan is constructed of 1,4-bound glucose residues. The side chains are attached to the main chain by 1,6-glycosidic bonds. The polysaccharide component of the liposaccharide is constructed mainly of rhamnose residues linked by 1,3- and 1,2-bonds and of glucose residues linked by 1,4-bonds.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 135–139, March–April, 1983.     

Carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum

It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum L. — a promising fodder plant — include water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, protopectin, hemicelluloses, a glucomannan, and cellulose. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The protopectins of the leaves and stems ofSymphytum asperum L. have been characterized. Their macromolecules are based on a fragment constructed of D-galacturonic acid residues linked by -glycosidic bonds.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1984.     

Determination of Yersinia enterocolitica in Food by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection

A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) method was developed to determine Yersinia enterocolitica in food sensitively, rapidly, and reliably. Two sets of primers were selected to amplify the genus-specific 16 S ribosomal RNA gene and ail gene associated with the pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica. The parameters of duplex PCR and the conditions for CE-LIF were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the PCR products of Yersinia enterocolitica were determined within twenty minutes. Alignment analysis showed favorable agreement with published sequences from GenBank, indicating that the primers were specific and the PCR results were reliable. The method detected 16 colony forming units per milliliter pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The intraday precision of migration time of the DNA marker and the PCR products were between 1.13 and 1.81 percent. In summary, a new method combining duplex PCR and CE-LIF is reported for specific, sensitive, and reproducible detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in food with low sample consumption and cost.     

Polysaccharides of the protein-lipoid-polysaccharide complex of the mycelium ofVerticillium dahliae. I. Isolation and fractionation

A phytotoxic PLPC has been isolated from the mycelium of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb., strain 614. The polysaccharide component has been split out from the PLPC by mild acid hydrolysis. The polysaccharide has been fractionated and the monosaccharide compositions of the fractions have been determined. A phytotoxic polysaccharide homogeneous according to gel chromatography and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose has been isolated which consists of an -glucan containing a minor amount of D-glucosamine.Tashkent State University. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 774–777, November–December, 1979.     

Lipopolysaccharides from the blue-green algaMicrocystis aeruginosa

A lipopolysaccharide has been isolated from an aqueous phenol extract of the cells ofMicrocystis aeruginosa. Its lipids component includes residues of glucose and glucosamine and of fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic), and phosphate groups. The polysaccharide component is constructed of D-mannose residues included in a linear carbohydrate chain by -1,2- and -1,3-bonds and D-glucose residues included by -1,4- and -1,6-bonds. The presence of a small number of branchings in the carbohydrate chain is possible.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostock. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 146–150, March–April, 1981.     

Kinetics and mechanism of acid and base hydrolysis ofcis-chloro-(benzotriazole)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) andcis-chloro-(N-methylbenzotriazole)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) cations

Summary The kinetics of acid hydrolysis ofcis-[CoCl(btzH)(en)₂]²⁺ andcis-[CoCl(btzMe)(en)₂]²⁺ complexes (where btzH = benzotriazole, btzMe =N-methylbenzotriazole and en = ethylenediamine) have been investigated in HClO₄ at ionic strength 1 = 0.25 mol dm^–3 in the 30–40° range. In the 1.0 x 10^–1 to 1.0 X 10^–3 mol dm^–3 acid strength range, the rate of aquation of the [CoCl(btzH)(en)₂]²⁺ cation follows the relationship:-d ln[complex]/dt = k₁ + k₂K_NH[^H+]^–1, where k₁ and k₂ are aquation rate constants of the acid independent and acid dependent steps respectively, and K_NH is the acid dissociation constant of the coordinated benzotriazole.cis-[CoCl(btzMe)-(en)₂]²⁺ undergoes acid independent hydrolysis presumably due to the absence of a labile N-H proton. The base hydrolysis could be followed for thecis-[CoCl(btzMe)(en)₂]²⁺ complex only by measuring hydrolysis rates at 0°.     

Carbonylation reaction

Conclusions The butyl ester of-butoxypropionic acid was synthesized by the carbonylation of-butoxyethylmercury acetate at 150–250° and 50–150 atm, in which connection the maximum yield was obtained at 200° and 100 atm.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1751–1753, August, 1972.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. XV. Structure of the glucomannan ofEremurus lactiflorus

Ten oligosaccharides have been isolated from the products of the partial hydrolysis of a native acetylated glucomannan obtained fromEremurus lactiflorus O. Fedtsch. Their structures have been studied with the aid of acid hydrolysis before and after reduction with NaBH₄, by the GLC method, and also by chromatography with markers. The compositions and sequence of the monomers in tetra- and heptaoligo-saccharides have been determined by the¹³C NMR method. The glucommannan ofE. lactiflorus differs from theEremurus glucomannans studied previously by the ratio of monosaccharides, the presence of 0-Ac groups, the degree of polymerization, and the presence of a cellobiose unit (Glcp-Glcp) in the polymer chain. The repeating unit consists of 14 hexose residues.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 680–684, November–December, 1982.     

Isomers of plamitoleic acid in lipids and volatile substances from the fruits ofZiziphus jujuba

Fatty acid from the dried pulp ofZiziphus jujuba Mill. Contain 33 components with a chain length from 7 to 28 carbon atoms and approximately equal ratio of total saturated and unsaturated, mainly monoenic, acids; among them, the isomers of palmitoleic acid 16:1(7) and 16:1(9) predominate, and sixteen fatty acids of the mixture, including 12:0, 16:0, 14:1(9).Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, 449–451, July–August, 1999.     

Preparation and characterization of Cu(II)-N-salicylideneanthranilic acids,their reduction products and hydrolysis of the Schiff base

Copper (II) complexes ofN-salicylideneanthranilic acid (I) and its derivatives (II, III) as well as their NaBH₄ reduction products, namelyN-(2-hydroxybenzyl) anthranilic acids (IV–VI) have been prepared and their structures have been determined analytically. Tetracoordinated planar structures of the Cu(II) complexes of the Schiff bases and distorted tetrahedral structures of the Cu(II) complexes of compoundsV–VI have been elucidated by ESR and other spectral methods. During the preparation of the complex the hydrolysis of the Schiff base often takes place in the presence of water giving anthranilates and salicylaldehydates of metals to some extent along with the complexes of the Schiff base. The kinetic data for the hydrolysis ofN-salicylideneanthranilic acid (I) in methanol-water solution also are reported.Presented at the Sixth International Seminar on Inclusion Compounds, Istanbul, Turkey, 27–31 August, 1995.     

Determination of antibodies to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yersinia enterocolitica</Emphasis> bacteria using a piezoelectric quartz crystal immunosensor

A gravimetric technique is proposed for the determination of antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O: 3 using a piezoelectric quartz crystal immunosensor based on immobilized lipopolysaccharides. Conditions are optimized and a procedure is developed for the flow-injection analysis of blood serum samples using the immunosensor as the detector. The detection limit for antibodies is found to be 1.3 μg/mL, RSD is 8%, and the analytical range is 3–100 μg/mL. The rapidity (the duration of analysis was no longer than 10 min) and the direct detection of the formed agglutinate without additional labeling are the advantages of the proposed technique.