On the direct inversion of total scattering cross sections in the glory region

The total scattering cross section as a function of velocity in the glory region can be accurately described semiclassically as the sum of an average part and an undulating part. In practice the velocity dependence of the average cross section is complicated because of contributions from different dispersion terms in the attractive part of the potential and eventually from repulsive terms as well. It is shown that the average cross section can be accurately retrieved from the data, without the assumption of a mathematical model for the potential, and that the retrieved values can be directly inverted to numerical values of the potential tail. The separated results for the undulating part yield numerical values for five of the usual glory parameters. The procedure is tested on simulated total cross section data showing several full glory oscillations, and the glory parameters and potential tail are reproduced to accuracies consistent with the graphical-numerical methods employed.     

Electron impact ionisation cross sections derived from total inelastic cross section for CF3X and CF2X2 (X = H,Cl, Br and I) molecules

We report here the total ionisation cross sections for CF₃X and CF₂X₂ (X = H, Cl, Br and I) molecules by electron impact from ionisation threshold to 5 keV. The total inelastic cross section is obtained employing a quantum mechanical approach called spherical complex optical potential formalism. Then, using a semi-empirical complex scattering potential-ionisation contribution method, the ionisation cross section is derived from the inelastic cross section. The results obtained are compared with previous measurements and theoretical values, wherever available and a satisfactorily agreement is observed. The ionisation cross section values for CF₂I₂ molecule are reported for the first time.     

Experimental Results on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays and Asymptotic Behavior of the Total Cross Section for Nucleon–Nucleon Interaction

Results obtained by studying the energy dependence of the total cross section for nucleon–nucleon interaction are presented. The analytic parametrization proposed within axiomatic quantum field theory describes quantitatively a unified set of experimental data on proton–proton and antiproton–proton scattering. At collision energies above 86 GeV, the parameter values fitted to subsets of all available data and accelerator data alone were found to deviate from the respective asymptotic values. This indicates that the Froissart–Martin limit for the total cross section has not yet been reached in the case of these subsets. An approximation of the total nucleon–nucleon cross section measured in cosmic rays leads for some parameters to fitted values that, within 1.0 to 1.3 standard deviations, agree with the respective asymptotic values. This resultmay be viewed as an indication of the beginning of the asymptotic functional behavior of the total nucleon–nucleon cross section measured in cosmic rays of ultrahigh energy O(100 TeV). This is confirmed within the color glass condensate approach.     

The application of a fractal model to the scattering of ultrasound in biological media

The implications of a fractal model of medium structure for the angular dependence of the ultrasonic differential scattering cross section and for the frequency dependence of the total ultrasonic scattering cross section are explored. The results for the differential scattering cross section agree well with published experimental values for liver and those for the total scattering cross section are not inconsistent with the literature data.     

The total photon deuteron hadronic cross section in the energy range 0.265–4.215 GeV

The total cross section for photoproduction of hadrons on the deutron, σ_T^d, has been measured for photon energies in the range 0.265–40215 GeV. From this, using results for the photon total cross section, obtained previously with the same apparatus, the neutron total cross section has been determined in the resonance region. The resonant structure is found to be quite different from that for the proton. Thereafter the neutron cross section falls off steadily with energy, and the values obtained are consistently lower than those for the proton. Forward scattering amplitudes have been evaluated for the deuteron.     

Acoustic measurements and computational results on material specimens with harmonic variation of the cross section

The present work represents both an experimental and theoretical investigation of the behavior of finite cylindrical rods with harmonic variation of the cross section. The matrix method was used to compute the transfer power spectra of elastic rods with uniform circular cross section and of rods with harmonic variation of the cross section with distance. Theoretical and experimental results show that for a rod with periodical variation of the cross section, a new set of supplementary frequencies appear for which the transfer power coefficient has significant values, which are in relation with the space period of the inhomogeneity. Also, due to the radial component of the displacement certain modes are enhanced which satisfy boundary conditions on the surface and are obtained from the zeroes of Bessel functions.     

Cross section calculations of randomly oriented bispheres in the small particle regime

The T-matrix is used to calculate the extinction cross section of bispherical particle systems in random orientation for a monospherical size parameter x=0.01. Differences between bispherical and monospherical (Mie) results are shown for a range of values of the refractive index. It is found that the size of the T-matrix that needs to be calculated can be large, thus preventing simple dipole approximations from being used. Once the T-matrix is computed, however, only a small number of terms is needed to obtain cross section values.     

COMPARISON OF RAYLEIGH AND COMPTON SCATTERING IN THE PHOTON-MOMENTUM TRANSFER REGION OF 2.219 × 3.814 Å−1

Rayleigh and Compton scattering differential cross sections for Mo, Ag and Sn have been measured from 55° and 105° at 59.5 keV using an Hp Ge detector. The ratios of measured cross sections are compared with ratios of theoretical scattering cross section values calculated using nonrelativistic form factors.     

The Production of FRW Universe and Decay to Particles in Multiverse

In this study, first, it will be shown that as the Hubble parameter, “H”, increases the production cross section for closed and flat Universes increases rapidly at smaller values of “H” and becomes constant for higher values of “H”. However in the case of open Universe, the production cross section has been encountered a singularity. Before this singularity, as the H parameter increases, the cross section increases, for smaller H, (H < 2.5), exhibits a turn-over at moderate values of H, (2.5 < H < 3.5), decreases for larger amount of H After that and for a special value of H, the cross section has been encountered with a singularity. Although the cross section cannot be defined at this singularity but before and after this point, it is certainly equal to zero. After this singularity, the cross section increases rapidly, when H increases. It is shown that if the production cross section of Universe happens before this singularity, it can’t achieve to higher values of Hubble parameter after singularity. More over if the production cross section of Universe situates after the singularity, it won’t get access to values of Hubble parameter less than the singularity. After that the thermal distribution for particles inside the FRW Universes are obtained. It is found that a large amount of particles are produced near apparent horizon due to their variety in their energy and their probabilities. Finally, comparing the particle production cross sections for flat, closed and open Universes, it is concluded that as the value of k increases, the cross section decreases.     

不同LET C离子束对粘红酵母菌的突变效应分析

以粘红酵母菌Rhodotorula glutinis AY 91015为材料, 研究了不同传能线密度（LET）的C离子对粘红酵母菌的失活截面和突变截面, 评估了不同LET的C离子对微生物的失活效应和突变效应。 结果表明, C离子LET为120.0 keV/μm时, 单个粒子对粘红酵母菌的失活截面最大, 为4.37 μm2, 接近酵母菌细胞核的平均核截面; LET为96.0 keV/μm时, 单个粒子对粘红酵母菌的突变截面最大。 通过对C离子束致突变能力的分析发现, C离子在LET为58.2 keV/μm时突变能力最强, 这一结果显示在经C离子辐照后存活下来的粘红酵母菌中, 可以引起有效突变的最佳LET为58.2 keV/μm左右, 此时所对应的碳离子能量约为35 MeV/u。 这些结果表明, C离子对粘红酵母菌的最佳致死效应和最佳致突变效应存在于不同的能量区域。 To evaluate inactive and mutagenic effects of carbon beam at different LET, the inactivation cross section and mutation cross section induced by carbon beams of different LET values were investigated in a red yeast strain Rhodotorula glutinis AY 91015. It was found that the maximum inactivation cross section of 4.37μm2 , which was very close to the average nucleus cross section, was at LET of 120.0 keV/μm. The maximum mutation cross section was at LET of 96.0 keV/μm. Meanwhile, the highest mutagenicity of carbon ion was found around 58.2 keV/μm. It implied that the most efficient LET to induce mutation in survival yeasts was 58.2 keV/μm, which corresponded to energy of 35 MeV/u carbon beam. The most effective carbon beam to induce inactivation and mutation located at different energy region.     

纳米DDR SRAM器件重离子单粒子效应试验研究

针对90 nm和65 nm DDR（双倍数率）SRAM器件,开展与纳米尺度SRAM单粒子效应相关性的试验研究。分析了特征尺寸、测试图形、离子入射角度、工作电压等不同试验条件对单粒子翻转（SEU）的影响和效应规律,并对现有试验方法的可行性进行了分析。研究表明:特征尺寸减小导致翻转截面降低,测试图形和工作电压对器件单粒子翻转截面影响不大;随着入射角度增加,多位翻转的增加导致器件SEU截面有所增大;余弦倾角的试验方法对于纳米器件的适用性与离子种类和线性能量转移（LET）值相关,具有很大的局限性。     

Measurements of the total neutron cross sections of hydrogen and carbon at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 MeV

The total neutron cross sections of carbon and hydrogen were measured at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 MeV. The determination of the H(n, n) cross section often used as a standard was the major objective of the present measurements and values were obtained with accuracies of ～0.2 %, 0.2 % and 0.4 % respectively. A parameter set for the shape-independent effective-range approximation of the H(n, n) cross section was obtained with the present and other recent data indicating lower crosssection values than given in the Hopkins-Breit analysis.     

伴有靶核核心激发的氘核削裂反应

本文研究了在氘核削裂反应中伴随有靶核核心激发的情况。在这种情况下,假定由于核子-核子剩余相互作用,靶核的组态除了通常壳模型组态外,还混杂有核心激发的组态。同样,剩余核的组态主要是某一种核心激发的组态,但也还混杂有别种组态。在这假定下,给出了所考虑的反应过程的微分截面表示式。它表明,反应截面主要由靶核的组态混合所贡献。一般说来,组态的混合程度不大,故可预期截面数值是较小的。公式还表明,反应角分布的特征峯是由核心在激发后留下来的空穴态的轨道角动量量子数所决定的。这二点结论与这类反应的实验结果是一致的。运用这公式具体估计了六个反应事例的核谱因子,在实验误差内,理论值和从实验的估计值大致相合。     

Compton and double-compton scattering processes at colliding electron-photon beams

Radiative corrections to the Compton scattering cross section are calculated in the leading and next-to-leading logarithmic approximations in the case of colliding high-energy photon-electron beams. Radiative corrections to the double-Compton scattering cross section in the same experimental setup are calculated in the leading logarithmic approximation. We consider the case where no pairs are created in the final state. We show that the differential cross section can be written in the form of the Drell-Yan process cross section. Numerical values of the K-factor and the leading-order distribution on the scattered electron energy fraction and scattering angle are presented.     

The excitation cross section of cadmium atoms from metastable 5<Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>5<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis><Superscript>3</Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis><Subscript>0, 2</Subscript> states by electron impact

By means of the optical method using the technique of crossed electron and atomic beams, we obtained the absolute values of the excitation cross sections of metastable cadmium atoms and their energy dependences. The absolute cross section values reach ∼10⁻¹⁶ cm² (at 30 eV). Sharp resonance-like maxima are observed in the energy dependences of the excitation cross section near the excitation thresholds, which are supposedly related to the formation and decay of negative-ion excited states of.     

Cross section of the reaction 6Li(p, γ)7Be

The cross section of the reaction ⁶Li(p, γ)⁷Be has been measured using Ge(Li) γ-ray spectrometers for proton bombarding energies E_p from 200 keV to 1200 keV. At E_p = 800 keV, the total (p, γ) integrated cross section is found to be 3.1 ± 0.4 μb. The cross section adopted from consideration of this and previous measurements is in good agreement with that predicted from the known thermal neutron cross section for ⁶Li(n, γ)⁷Li on the assumption that properties of mirror direct capture reactions can be well described by optical potentials that use the same parmeter values for the two reactions.     

Fission studies of gold induced by (1665 MeV) π- using a CR-39 detector

The fission cross section and fission probability of ¹⁹⁷Au, induced by (1665 MeV) π^-, have been studied using CR-39 track detectors. A 4π-geometry was used to count track statistics. A beam of negative pions of 1665 MeV was produced at AGS of Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, and allowed to fall normally on the stack. Two detectors from the stack were scanned for fission fragment tracks after etching in 6N NaOH at 70℃. The statistics of fission fragment tracks in both detectors were obtained. It was found that there was a marked asymmetry of registered tracks with respect to the forward and backward hemispheres. This asymmetry could be partly accounted for on the basis of momentum transfer to the struck nucleus. On the basis of counting statistics fission cross section was measured, and fission probability was determined by dividing the fission cross section with the reaction cross section. The fission cross-section and fission probability were compared with the computed values using the cascade-exciton model code CEM95.     

Temperature dependence in the Schumann-Runge photoabsorption continuum of oxygen

The photoabsorption cross section in the Schumann-Runge continuum of oxygen has been measured with high precision over the wavelength region 140–174 nm at temperatures in the range 295–575 K. Models for the upper state potential and the electronic transition moment were used in the calculation of the cross section and its temperature dependence. By comparing this theoretical cross section with measured values, curves for the upper state potential and the transition moment in the continuum region have been obtained independently for the first time.     

Electron impact ionization cross sections of beryllium and beryllium hydrides

We report calculated electron impact ionization cross sections (EICSs) for beryllium (Be) and some of its hydrides from the ionization threshold to 1 keV using the Deutsch-Märk (DM) and the Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) formalisms. The positions of the maxima of the DM and BEB cross sections are very close in each case while the DM cross section values at the maxima are consistently higher. Our calculations for Be are in qualitative agreement with results from earlier calculations (convergent close-coupling, R matrix, distorted-wave and plane-wave Born approximation) in the low energy region. For the various beryllium hydrides, we know of no other available data. The maximum cross section values for the various compounds range from 4.0 × 10^?16 to 9.4 × 10^?16 cm² at energies of 44 to 56 eV for the DM cross sections and 3.0 × 10^?16 to 5.4 × 10^?16 cm² at energies of 40.5 to 60 eV for the BEB cross sections.