YSZ-cells for potentiometric nitric oxide sensors

Potentiometric sensors based on zirconia can be used for determining gaseous NO at temperatures between 400 and 480 °C. For such mixed potential sensors, NO sensitive electrode materials such as CdMn₂O₄ and V₂O₅ have been described. In order to improve the cell voltage response, composite electrode materials based on V₂O₅-γ-Al₂O₃ were investigated. Sensors employing these materials show a better voltage response and an improved adhesion to the solid electrolyte compared with pure V₂O₅. The optimal temperature was found to be 440 °C. The NO sensitivity is nearly independent on the oxygen partial pressure in the gas. Paper presented at the 8th EuroConference on Ionics, Carvoeiro, Algarve, Portugal, Sept. 16–22, 2001.     

Electrode materials for potentiometric hydrogen sensors

Due to their relatively high sensitivity, improved long-term stability, possibilities for miniaturization and low cost products, mixed potential solid electrolyte sensors can be competitive for the in situ measurement of hydrogen trace concentrations in oxygen containing gases. Their response behavior in non-equilibrated oxygen containing gas mixtures is mainly determined by the catalytic activity of the measuring electrode and depends strongly on preparation and measuring conditions. In this work the sensitivity of electrodes made of composites (Au/MeO) has been investigated in hydrogen containing gases in the concentration range φ(H₂) = 0…800 vol.-ppm using a two-chamber setup with Pt-air reference. Electrodes made of Au/Nb₂O₅ composites show the highest sensitivities of up to 20 mV/vol.-ppm at φ(H₂) = 10 vol.-ppm and the lowest catalytic activity for hydrogen oxidation. Selected composite materials were tested additionally in self-heated solid electrolyte sensors with both electrodes exposed to the same atmosphere (gas-symmetrical sensor).     

Influence of ceramic oxide materials on lithium based potentiometric CO2 sensors

In these potentiometric sensors, a mixed binary carbonate sensing material consisting of 90 mol% Li₂CO₃ and 10 mol% BaCO₃ was modified by adding ceramic oxide materials such as SiO₂, B₂O₃, La₂O₃, Bi₂O₃, CeO₂ and In₂O₃ in different mol% concentrations. Various sensors mixed with these external oxides have shown good performance at operating temperatures below 300 °C. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that a glassy sensing phase is formed in the sensing bi-carbonate by the addition of ceramic oxides and sintered at 600 °C for 1 h. The sensor mixed with SiO₂:B₂O₃:Bi₂O₃ in 1:2:1 mol% showed an excellent response and recovery characteristics and followed a fair Nernstian behavior with a ΔEMF/dec value of −48.18 at as low as 150 °C. The decrease in operating temperature is attributed to the enhanced lithium ion migration through the glassy sensing phase of the sensing electrode.     

Modeling and computer simulation of pulsed-laser-induced ablation

Received: 21 April 1998 / Accepted: 21 September 1998 / Published online: 24 February 1999     

Backside illuminated CMOS image sensors optimized by modeling and simulation

Design and optimization of back-side illuminated (BSI) CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) using modeling and simulation are presented. To obtain an effective architecture, various device-physics models were developed and CAD simulation tools employed. Subsequently the imagers were successfully designed, fabricated and tested. The imagers exhibit excellent performance regarding many sensor parameters. Optimization exercises intended to further improve the performance matrix have also been deliberated in detail. Three critical aspects have been covered in the paper: the epitaxial layer; pixel isolating deep trenches; and isolation structures (LOCOS).     

磁阻型电磁发射的建模分析与仿真研究

本文分析了磁阻型电磁发射的机理,得出了发射过程的等效作用.利用磁矩模型建立了磁阻型电磁发射的理论模型,并结合发射电路的模型导出了弹体的动力学方程,分析了影响弹体发射的主要因素,给出了MATLAB仿真结果.     

三角调频连续波建模与数值仿真

三角调频连续波由于测距精度高,所以在测距系统中有着广泛的应用。结合模数函数、绝对值函数和符号函数,推导了三角调频连续波的频率和相位的数学表达式,并进行了建模及仿真。仿真结果表明,频率和相位的数学表达式满足微积分的关系,能够描述三角波调频在跨越调频周期时的不连续性。     

血管内光声图像的建模与仿真

为了给血管内光声(intravascular photoacoustic,IVPA)成像的图像重建算法和图像后处理算法提供数据源,为培训医师提供图像库,提出一种二维IVPA图像的建模与仿真方法。建立包含斑块的血管横截面模型,并对成像导管发射激光脉冲照射血管壁组织、血管壁组织产生光声信号、利用得到的一组光声信号重建IVPA图像整个过程进行仿真,得到血管横截面模型的二维IVPA灰阶图像,同时根据冠状动脉血管随心脏搏动的规律,实现序列图像的仿真。利用仿真模型得到的IVPA图像与原电磁吸收分布图接近程度较高。仿真模型的物理意义清晰,可得到质量稳定的IVPA图像。     

PIN光电探测器的建模与仿真分析

为了优化PIN光电探测器响应特性,首先依据载流子速率方程,并考虑芯片寄生参量和封装寄生参量,建立光电探测器的等效电路模型。然后仿真分析了反偏电压、I区宽度、光敏面、芯片寄生电阻和电容、封装寄生电阻、电容和电感对光电探测器脉冲响应特性和频率响应特性的影响。结果表明:通过增大反偏电压,减小光敏面和寄生参量(芯片寄生电容和电阻,封装寄生电容和电阻),选取合适的I区宽度,利用引线电感的谐振效应现象,可以抑制脉冲响应波形畸变,提高频率响应带宽。     

Micromagnetic simulation for high field sensors with perpendicular magnetizations

In this paper, we present a micromagnetic design for high field sensors. The hard layer of the sensors is L1垂直磁化;强磁场传感器;微磁学模拟;高巨磁阻效应micromagnetic simulation, giant magnetoresistive, coercivity, demagnetizing fieldProject supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No~10404019) and by the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai (Grant No~05PJ14090).2006-09-232006-11-28In this paper, we present a micromagnetic design for high field sensors. The hard layer of the sensors is L1垂直磁化;强磁场传感器;微磁学模拟;高巨磁阻效应micromagnetic simulation, giant magnetoresistive, coercivity, demagnetizing fieldProject supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No~10404019) and by the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai (Grant No~05PJ14090).2006-09-232006-11-28In this paper, we present a micromagnetic design for high field sensors. The hard layer of the sensors is L10-FePt which is magnetized perpendicularly to film plane and the sense layer is NiFe which is magnetized in the film plane. The magnetization configurations of the hard and sense layers at different external magnetic fields have been simulated. In micromagnetic simulation, the sense field up to one tesla can be reached by using this sensor. We find that whether the sensor has a symmetric or an asymmetric field-sensing window is determined by the coercive field of the hard layer and the demagnetizing field of the sense layer.Corresponding author. E-mail： yaowen@mail.tongji.edu.cn/qk/85823A/200706/24631993.html7000, 7500, 7570P, 7540Mhttp://cpb.iphy.ac.cn/CN/10.1088/1009-1963/16/6/042https://cpb.iphy.ac.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=1092012006-09-23In this paper, we present a micromagnetic design for high field sensors. The hard layer of the sensors is L10-FePt which is magnetized perpendicularly to film plane and the sense layer is NiFe which is magnetized in the film plane. The magnetization configurations of the hard and sense layers at different external magnetic fields have been simulated. In micromagnetic simulation, the sense field up to one tesla can be reached by using this sensor. We find that whether the sensor has a symmetric or an asymmetric field-sensing window is determined by the coercive field of the hard layer and the demagnetizing field of the sense layer.     

Reference electrode formation in potentiometric CO2 sensors with alkali ion conducting alumosilicate glasses as solid electrolytes

Potentiometric CO₂ gas sensors with Li conducting glasses/glass ceramics of the system Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (different nominal composition) as solid electrolytes have been investigated. Li₂CO₃ was used as CO₂ and O₂ sensitive auxiliary electrode. During the sensor test measurements, the CO₂ partial pressure was varied between 1×10⁻³ and 1×10⁻¹ bar at a constant O₂ partial pressure of 2.1×10⁻¹ bar whereas N₂ was used as carrier gas. Comparative measurements were accomplished with sensors comprising Na and K ion conducting glasses. A metastable reference electrode was formed at the contact zone between the Au metal electrode and the former Li glasses of definite nominal composition by crystallization processes taking place, which lead to stable, reproducible CO₂ dependent EMF signals for more than 90d. The thermodynamically expected EMF difference and the observed EMF difference agree quite well between 500 and 600 °C. At 600 °C, the drift of sensors with glasses as solid electrolytes and direct Au glass/glass ceramics contact as reference electrode amounts typically 0.32 mV/d (p(CO₂)=1×10⁻³ bar, p(O₂)=2.1×10⁻¹ bar at the measuring electrode), if a metastable multiphase equilibrium is formed. At identical partial pressures of CO₂ and O₂, the signal reproducibility of these sensors with different solid electrolyte glasses of the same nominal composition lies within 30 mV at 600 °C. Paper presented at the 3rd Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Teulada, Sardinia, Italy, Sept. 15–22, 1996     

机载稳瞄控制系统模型及仿真分析

瞄准线高精度稳定是机载光电稳瞄系统的主要指标和关键技术。根据四框架稳瞄系统的工作原理，以手动跟踪模式为主要研究对象，建立了稳瞄伺服控制系统模型。考虑到直升机扰动特点，对线扰动、角速率扰动、摩擦力矩、弹性力矩等各种扰动因素也建立相应的数学模型，同时在各种扰动因素作用下利用Matlab对机载高精度稳瞄系统的手动跟踪控制模式进行了仿真设计分析和理论研究，设计出适合的控制器。此模型在实际系统中获得验证，对稳瞄伺服控制系统的设计具有参考意义。     

Modeling and simulation of FBG based OCDMA-IsOWC system

Photonics have evolved from protracted fibers to dominant wireless system to look at the use of hybrid optical-wireless communication system into space technology. Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) systems, one of the important applications of optical-wireless communication, will be deployed in space in the near future. A significant improvement in BER at 5 Gbps is achieved along with the maximum length of ISL link between the two satellites by incorporating OFDM scheme in IsOWC systems than that of conventional IsOWC systems [9]. The work is further extended in this paper to prolong the ISL link with acceptable BER at 10 Gbps between two satellites in space by employing code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme due to its robustness against narrowband interference and an inherent low power spectral density. In this work, we have designed a model of FBG based CDMA-IsOWC system to establish a prolonged ISL link at data rate of 10 Gbps with SNR of 20 dB. Further, a comparison is also reported between our proposed FBG based CDMA-IsOWC system and OFDM-IsOWC system.     

风沙运动的电场-流场耦合模型及气固两相流数值模拟

沙尘暴和尘卷风等风沙运动的静电场是空气流场中沙粒间的碰撞摩擦带电及沙粒粒径的分层效应引起的, 本文耦合沙粒摩擦荷电模型和风沙运动气固两相流模型, 提出了离散单元法与计算流体动力学结合的数值方法. 数值模拟计算表明电荷呈中性的沙粒临界直径为300 μm; 在充分发展的水平风沙流中, 细小的沙粒带负电, 较大直径的沙粒带正电, 所模拟的沙粒带电的荷质比及水平风洞试验段的电场强度与实验测量值一致, 验证了风沙运动的电场-流场耦合模型及数值计算方法的合理性. 本文基于沙粒摩擦荷电机理的风沙运动气固两相流模型提供了理解风沙运动静电场产生的一种物理机理.     

新型钍基熔盐堆多物理计算模型及分析

针对熔盐堆系统特点,提出了包含堆芯及其他主回路系统在内的多物理紧密耦合计算模型,并在此基础上自主开发了多物理分析程序TANG-MSR。利用该程序进行了新型钍基熔盐堆(TMSR)的设计,并对设计方案进行了稳态及瞬态分析。相关计算结果表明,TANG-MSR所采用的多物理模型能够很好地捕捉熔盐堆的主要物理现象,提出的新型熔盐堆设计在安全性和可持续性方面表现优异。关键词:多物理模型;新型钍基熔盐堆;稳态;瞬态 Abstract: Key words:     

新型钍基熔盐堆多物理计算模型及分析

针对熔盐堆系统特点,提出了包含堆芯及其他主回路系统在内的多物理紧密耦合计算模型,并在此基础上自主开发了多物理分析程序TANG-MSR。利用该程序进行了新型钍基熔盐堆(TMSR)的设计,并对设计方案进行了稳态及瞬态分析。相关计算结果表明,TANG-MSR所采用的多物理模型能够很好地捕捉熔盐堆的主要物理现象,提出的新型熔盐堆设计在安全性和可持续性方面表现优异。关键词：多物理模型;新型钍基熔盐堆;稳态;瞬态 Abstract: Key words:     

Modeling and innovative technology of optical 3D antenna sensors as micro rectangular apertures

Optical and Quantum Electronics - In this paper we present a novel model for the design of micrometric optical antennas applied to the detection of skin melanomas. The accuracy of the model allows...     

Temperature sensors and optical sensors

The dependence of temperature on the fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence intensity ratio using Stark sublevels and thermally coupled (close lying) levels in triply ionized rare earth ions, doped into a variety of glasses and fibers, have been reviewed. Also, it is claimed that not only for the two closely lying levels of triply ionized rare earth ion of the same kind, but also for two different triply ionized rare earth ions, having their excited levels very close to each other, may be used to monitor the temperature. PACS 42.70.Ce     

微光夜视系统光晕效应定量表征与建模方法北大核心CSCD

研究了微光夜视系统输出图像中光晕尺寸和灰度分布与系统参数之间的关系,建立了系统光晕效应的定量化表征模型。首先分析了系统输出图像中光晕的产生机理;其次依据微光夜视系统成像原理,通过分析光电阴极产生的光电子数及初角度分布、光电子在光电阴极与微通道板之间的运动、光电子与微通道板非开口壁碰撞后的运动规律及微光成像系统各环节对能量的逐级传递,研究了光晕的定量化表征方法;结合上述理论研究,建立了光晕的数字仿真模型。结果表明:所提出的光晕效应表征模型能够与实验结果中光晕的灰度分布及尺寸较好地吻合;随着强光源能量增大,系统光晕效应越明显,光晕效应对系统成像质量影响越大。