一种基于多普勒频移光谱的中性束注入器气体靶厚度诊断的新方法

中性束注入是等离子体加热和电流驱动的最有效方法之一。中性束注入的三个基本过程为：离子束的产生,离子束的中性化和中性束的传输,其中,离子束的中性化是关键环节之一。对于EAST-NBI气体中性化室而言,中性化室内气体靶厚度会直接影响离子束的中性化效率,而且还会进一步影响到中性束的传输效率。基于多普勒频移效应,提出了一种新的诊断气体靶厚度的方法,并且已经被应用于EASTNBI测试平台上。该方法主要是基于中性束的束成分随气体靶厚度的演化过程,利用中性束发射Dα光谱线强度完成计算。因此,它被应用于中国科学院等离子体物理研究所EASTNBI装置上。在中性化室出口处的观测窗口上进行测量,在束能量为40~65 keV时,气体靶厚度值为(0.16~0.22)×1016 cm-2,随着引出束流的变化,气体靶厚度随之改变。根据质量守恒定律,对中性化室内的气体靶厚度进行一个粗略的估算,估算的结果与测量的结果基本保持一致,从而证明了该诊断方法的合理性。综上,实验结果表明,该种基于多普勒频移效应的光谱诊断法可以被用于测量中性化室内的气体靶厚度。     

一种基于多普勒频移光谱的中性束注入器气体靶厚度诊断的新方法（英文）

中性束注入是等离子体加热和电流驱动的最有效方法之一。中性束注入的三个基本过程为:离子束的产生,离子束的中性化和中性束的传输,其中,离子束的中性化是关键环节之一。对于EAST-NBI气体中性化室而言,中性化室内气体靶厚度会直接影响离子束的中性化效率,而且还会进一步影响到中性束的传输效率。基于多普勒频移效应,提出了一种新的诊断气体靶厚度的方法,并且已经被应用于EASTNBI测试平台上。该方法主要是基于中性束的束成分随气体靶厚度的演化过程,利用中性束发射Dα光谱线强度完成计算。因此,它被应用于中国科学院等离子体物理研究所EASTNBI装置上。在中性化室出口处的观测窗口上进行测量,在束能量为40～65keV时,气体靶厚度值为(0.16～0.22)×10~(16) cm~(-2),随着引出束流的变化,气体靶厚度随之改变。根据质量守恒定律,对中性化室内的气体靶厚度进行一个粗略的估算,估算的结果与测量的结果基本保持一致,从而证明了该诊断方法的合理性。综上,实验结果表明,该种基于多普勒频移效应的光谱诊断法可以被用于测量中性化室内的气体靶厚度。     

HL-2Aװ��NBI���Ի������к�������Ի�Ч��

采用迭代法对HL-2A装置1MW中性束系统中的中性化气体靶厚进行了理论计算,并给出了相应的中性化效率,发现仅靠离子源顺流气体形成的气体靶通常不能使中性化效率达到最佳值,因而有必要在中性化器内加入补充送气来提高气体靶厚。采用补充送气系统,在相同的放电参数下中性化效率提升约10%。     

钠光红外成分对波片相位差测量的影响

钠光灯除发出钠黄光外,还有少量的其它成分的光,主要是818.3nm—819.5nm的近红外光。如果钠黄光的光谱能量分布为100％,则这近红外成分的光的光谱能量分布约为13％。实验结果表明,钠光中的近红外光对用光电装置测量波片相位有较明显的影响。     

用等离子体靶获得中性束

目前,一些科学和技术部门广泛地应用中性束技术,特别是在受控核聚变研究中,采用强流中性束注入是维持和加热等离子体的主要方法之一。可用两种方法获得中性束,其一是正离子束通过靶物质捕获电子,其二是用靶物质剥离负离子束的电子。我们曾用30—100keV氢离子束与气体靶、碱金属蒸气靶相互作用获得中性束,并进行了测量。本文用氢离子束通过等离子体靶获得中性束,进一步探索提高中性粒子产额的方法。初步测定了氢离子束与氩等离子体靶作用的电荷交换中性化效率,并对中性化机理作初步探讨。     

中性束在束线中的透射

本文给出TEXTOR束线中放电室送气量和气压、中性化室送气量和气压、中性化室气体靶厚、中性化转换效率、再电离、热负荷、注入TEXTOR功率和粒子数的计算和实验结果。     

钠蒸气中受激电子喇曼散射

本文报道了钠原子3S-4S跃迁的受激电子喇曼散射的首次观测。获得了2.38μm～2.65μm的可调谐红外输出;计算了受激电子喇曼散射的功率增益系数并测量了红外输出随染料激光频率调谐的变化,其结果符合较好;给出了泵浦功率阈值随钠蒸气压变化的实验曲线;测得光子转换效率约为30％。在此同时,观测到了钠原子4S-3P跃迁的放大自发辐射。     

通过四波参量过程,在钠蒸汽中产生相干可调谐的330nm和333nm辐射

在钠蒸汽中,调谐输入激光波长,使之与钠原子3s—4d双光子跃迁共振,通过四波参量过程产生紫外可调谐的相干辐射。本文报告所产生的330nm333nm相干辐射强度,随钠蒸汽密度、输入基波功率和波长的变化。在平面波近似和紧聚焦条件下,对产生的紫外相干辐射进行了比较。在紧聚焦条件下。产生330nm和333nm的总转换效率为3％。     

PAN为基凝胶聚合物电解质自扩散系数的NMR研究

利用脉冲梯度场NMR方法直接测量了不同温度下的不同组分的PAN为基凝胶聚合物电解抽PAN-EC/PL-LiClO₄中锂离子的自扩散系数D.结果表明,锂离子的自扩散系数D依赖于锂盐质量分数x％,关且在x从5到20范围内,x=10时D有最大值.这与锂离子跳跃的传输机制及同时受到增塑剂EC与聚合物PAN网络的相互作用有关. 关键词：     

关于Yb~(3 )—Er~(3 )激活的上转换磷光体的效率

本文通过Er~(3 )离子激发过程的效率和最终发射过程的效率测定了Yb~(3 )—Er~(3 )激活的上转换磷光体的效率。激发过程依赖于红外激发强度。我们用不同的基质晶格,激发到选定的Er~(3 )能级,测量了发射过程的效率,而且作为Yb~(3 )和Er~(3 )浓度的函数。现在知道的最好的上转换磷光体之一,α-NaYF_4—0.20Yb—0.03Er的绿色发光效率约为6％。     

KLY—1低能宽束离子源的研制

本文简介了KLY-1低能宽束离子源的结构,给出了物理设计的主要公式和调试实验的结果。对于氩离子束,在离子能量为4keV,距引出电极24cm处的5cm直径的靶上,测得最大氩离子流为45mA,束流不均匀性优于±25％。     

Three-dimensional simulation analysis of a 3 cm wavelengthfree-electron laser afterburner

We have simulated a 3 cm wavelength free-electron laser afterburner (FEL Afterburner) using two sets of parameters: one is for a 3-cm period wiggler and the other is for a 5.4 cm period wiggler. For the 3 cm period wiggler, the input beam energy is 112.5 keV, and for the 5.3 cm period wiggler the beam energy is increased to 290 keV to make the FEL Afterburner operate at the same frequency. It is found, from the simulations, that the FEL Afterburner with a longer period wiggler has a higher power conversion efficiency: larger than 16% $ for the 5.4 cm wiggler while only about 9% for the 3 cm wiggler. It is also shown that to enhance the interaction efficiency in the slow wave cavity, the slow wave number should be a little larger than the sum of the fast wave number and the wiggler wave number     

光学速调管的研究

用毫米波段的光学速调管结构改进自由电子激光器的增益和效率.编制计算机模拟的程序,用来设计光学速调管装置.对于采用小周期摆动磁场的特定情况,片状电子束电压300keV,电流17A,摆动磁场周期3.7mm,工作频率300GHz,光学速调管的增益和效率分别计算为27.9dB和0.5%.若电子束电压为450keV,电流为25A,磁场周期为1cm,工作频率为160GHz,计算结果增益和效率分别为32dB和2.7%.     

New progress on beam availability and reliability of PKU high intensity CW proton ECR ion source

The stability and reliability of an ion source and its beam availability are extremely significant for any accelerator,especially for those high current long term CW operation ones like ADS. Although the first high quality 306-hours continuous wave(CW) operating curve at 50 m A@35 ke V has been successfully obtained with a standard compact 2.45 GHz ECR ion source at Peking University(PKU), but the uncertainties that caused beam trips before are unacceptable during an accelerator real operation and should be eliminated. Meanwhile, no permission will be given when the beam power is upgraded from 50 m A@35 ke V to 50 m A@50 ke V. To improve the PKU CW proton source quality, several upgrades were done recently. After those improvements, a new long term CW proton beam experiment at 50 m A@50 ke V was carried out in June 2016. The total running time is 300.5 hours, including near 6 hours ion source preparation and 294 hours non-disturb continuous operation. Within the continuous 13 days operation, no beam-off happened, no spark was observed,no beam drop appeared, no interrupting action was needed, and only a few beam fluctuations caused by the air conditional failure occurred. Beam availability and reliability within the 294 hours is 100%. The root-mean-square(RMS) emittance of this 50 m A@50 ke V CW proton beam is about 0.186 π.mm.mrad. A careful inspection of the ion source was done after this long term operation and no obvious damage was found. The restart experimental results obtained after the ion source inspection prove the high repeatability of PKU PMECRIS. In addition, a 130-m A H+beam was obtained at 50 k V with duty factor of 10%(100 Hz/1 ms) with this source. Details will be presented in this paper.     

Neutron-, ion-, and electron-energy spectra in a 1 kJ plasma focus

The neutron energy spectrum (4 Torr deuterium) was determined from 30 m flight histograms.—An average energy of approximately 100±20 keV of the neutron producing deuterons within an assumed cone angle of approximately 40 degrees along thez-axis was calculated by means of the target beam model.—Shadow bar techniques reveal that only 10% of the neutrons are produced in the ≈1 cm long focus.—Experimental time of flight analysis confirms that the ion spectrum extends from less than 70 to greater than 400 keV. The electron spectrum in 8 Torr hydrogen follows a ≈3 keV Boltzmann distribution, but demonstrates the presence of nonthermal >100 keV electrons.     

退火对Er3+离子注入ZnSe晶体电致发光的影响

本文研究了低阻ZnSe晶体在室温下经Er3+离子注入后,退火对它的电学及电致发光性能的影响。文中指出,经N2气保护退火所制备的ZnSe:Er3+二极管具有MIS结构,I层是由于晶格损伤造成的。文中根据对I层起因的分析,首次提出和实现了在熔融锌中退火可使品格损伤墓本消除,从而制备了掺Er的ZnSeMS二极管,在反向电压下得到Er3+离子的特征发光。     

射频离子源束流特性分析

介绍了为HL-2A 装置设计的引出束功率为1MW 的射频离子源研制情况。目前,在测试平台上,该离子源已经成功引出了束能量和束电流分别为35keV 和12.4A、束质子比为79%、脉宽为100ms 的氢离子束,达到了其设计束功率的44%。用红外热成像的方法测量了离子束能量密度分布。结果表明,在距离引出系统地电极 1.3m 处,束密度分布遵循高斯分布。引出束的最佳导流系数为1.689×10^–6A•V^-3/2 左右,随射频功率改变有较小的变化。根据这些实验结果,采取了相关改进措施来改善离子源的引出束性能。     

Ideal laser-beam propagation through high-temperature ignition Hohlraum plasmas

We demonstrate that a blue (3omega, 351 nm) laser beam with an intensity of 2 x 10(15) W cm(-2) propagates nearly within the original beam cone through a millimeter scale, T(e)=3.5 keV high density (n(e)=5 x 10(20) cm(-3)) plasma. The beam produced less than 1% total backscatter at these high temperatures and densities; the resulting transmission is greater than 90%. Scaling of the electron temperature in the plasma shows that the plasma becomes transparent for uniform electron temperatures above 3 keV. These results are consistent with linear theory thresholds for both filamentation and backscatter instabilities inferred from detailed hydrodynamic simulations. This provides a strong justification for current inertial confinement fusion designs to remain below these thresholds.     

Nitrogen ion spectrum from a low energy plasma focus device

The nitrogen ion spectrum generated from a low energy Mather-type Plasma Focus device is reported. The main species of ions present are N ⁺¹, N⁺², and N⁺³. It is found that its relative concentrations at a distance of several cm from the ion source are in agreement with those predicted for an equilibrium charge-state of the beam, and hence the spectrum of the neutral nitrogen is also derived. By taking into account the lateral spread of the beam due to multiple elastic scattering with the background gas, the derivation of absolute values for the total ion spectrum within the investigated energy range (>170 keV), the total number and total energy of the fast particles has been obtained     

LZ-50离子注入装置及其在材料表面改性中的应用

本文叙述了LZ-50离子注入装置及其在材料表面改性中的应用。该装置离子能量80keV,氮离子束流强～10mA,注入面积～200cm~2,性能稳定,重复性好,可长期稳态运行。利用该装置对硬质合金、工具钢、钛合金、陶瓷及其它有色金属材料进行了氮离子注入实验,并取得了一些有应用价值的工艺结果,如离子注入使Co-WC机械夹固刀片的耐磨性能提高2—4倍。