火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中镉

用HCl-HNO3-HF-HCIO4消解土样，加入四氯化碳萃取消解液中的Cd-DDTC的配合物，用HNO3-H2O2混合液反萃取。用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定反萃取的水相中镉。     

Polymère support de stéroide à bras écarteur peptidique

In order to obtain polymers with pharmacological properties, an acrylic derivative of cholesterol, with a peptidic spacer, was prepared; polymerization and copolymerization were carried out with this monomer. The spacer was a glutamic acid residue. During the monomer synthesis, the amine function of glutamic acid was protected. The first step was the formation of diacylchloride. By reaction with cholesterol, the dicholesterylester was obtained and, after hydrazinolysis, the monocholesteryl ester of glutamic acid was isolated. The acrylic group was introduced by reaction with acryloyl chloride. This monomer contains three elements, viz. acrylic, spacer and steroid. Polymerization with AIBN was studied; partial insolubilization occured because of secondary reactions.     

一种检定辅助系统对气体分析仪检定结果的影响

对自行研制的气体分析仪检定用辅助系统进行性能评定。选择多种不同测量原理及进气方式的气体分析仪,分别利用仪器自带标定罩及自行研制的检定辅助系统对仪器进行计量检定。根据试验结果,使用该系统进行检定时,6种扩散式气体分析仪的响应时间比使用标定罩时平均增加了67.2%,而示值误差平均减小了9.2%,重复性(RSD)平均减小了19.6%;4种吸入式气体分析仪的响应时间平均减小了9.3%,示值误差平均减小了0.1%,重复性平均增加了4.7%。实验结果表明该系统对准确反映扩散式气体分析仪的计量性能有明显帮助。     

偶联剂对丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯聚合物接枝率和乳液性能的影响

合成了含双羟基的甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(GM)并将其作为偶联剂用于聚丙烯酸酯(PAC)对水基聚氨酯(PU)的改性.采用核磁共振、红外光谱和气相色谱等对GM进行了表征.分别以该双羟基GM和单羟基的丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)与异氰酸酯基(NCO)封端的PU预聚体进行反应以在PU分子链上引入双键,然后再与丙烯酸酯类单体通过自由基聚合制...     

高效液相色谱快速测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其无色产物的残留量

采用高效液相色谱同时检测水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及无色孔雀石绿和无色结晶紫的残留量,样品经提取、净化处理后所得残渣用乙腈溶解后,通过采用C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)和pH3.0的0.02 mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液(B)按不同比例混合进行梯度淋洗,实现孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物的分离。用自制的二氧化铅柱氧化无色孔雀石绿及无色结晶紫。在588 nm波长处,测定4种物质的质量浓度在0.3～6.0 mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2.5%,检出限(3S/N)小于1.9μg·kg~(-1),分析时间20 min。以凤尾鱼罐头为基体进行回收试验,方法的回收率在71.5%～88.6%范围。     

Chemical graft polymerization of sulfobetaine monomer on polyurethane surface for reduction in platelet adhesion

Surface modification is an effective way to improve the hemocompatibility and remain bulk properties of biomaterials. Recently, polymer tailored with zwitterions was found having good blood compatibility. In this study, the zwitterionic monomer of sulfobetaine was graft polymerized onto polyurethane (PU) surface in a three-step heterogenous system through the vinyl bonds of acrylic acid (AA) or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which was immobilized with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) beforehand. First, PU was activated with isocyanate groups using HDI as coupling agent. Second, AA or HEMA was introduced through reaction of AA or HEMA with NCO groups bonded on PU surface. Last, zwitterionic monomer of sulfobetain was graft polymerized with vinyl group of AA or HEMA using AIBN as polymerization initiator. The reaction process was monitored with ATR-IR spectra and XPS spectra. Variation of graft yield with temperature and monomer feed concentration was investigated and feasible conditions were optimized. The wettability of films was investigated by water contact angle measurement and water absorbance. Platelet adhesion experiment was conducted as a preliminary test to confirm the improved blood compatibility of PU. The number of platelets adhering to PU decreased greatly comparing with the originals after 1 and 3 h of contact with human plate-rich plasma (PRP).     

添加铈对低锑铅合金的微观结构及电化学性能的影响

采用金相显微镜和电镜扫描观察Pb-Sb-As-Sn-S-Ce合金的微观组织形态,用显微硬度仪测试合金的硬度,研究了铈对含砷锡硫的铅锑合金微观结构及合金硬度的影响;应用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法和阴极极化曲线来分析铈的添加对Pb-Sb-As-Sn-S合金的电化学性能的影响。结果表明：铈能细化铅锑合金晶粒,薄化晶界,减少晶体缺陷,能提高铅锑合金的硬度,降低整体腐蚀速度和腐蚀的危害性,提高低锑铅合金的耐腐蚀性能,增大电池的循环寿命。     

GC/MS测定锅巴中丙烯酰胺含量

建立了一种测定市售锅巴中的丙烯酰胺含量的方法.该法样品前处理不必经过溴化衍生,样品脱脂后用水提取丙烯酰胺,提取液过活性炭柱,再用乙酸乙酯将活性炭柱中吸附的丙烯酰胺洗脱.洗脱液浓缩后经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)定量分析,检测限为0.06 mg/kg,适合测定市售锅巴中的丙烯酰胺的含量.还考察了丙烯酰胺在水的固液两相中的分配比.     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定人血清中有机氯农药残留量

提出了毛细管气相色谱测定人血清中有机氯农药残留量的方法。利用正己烷超声提取人血清样品中有机氯农药六六六和滴滴涕,所得萃取液作气相色谱测定,用甲酸及浓硫酸净化、磺化处理后,电子捕获检测器检测。在优化的试验条件下,8种有机氯农药同分异构化合物组分在20 min内能够很好的分离,其质量浓度与色谱峰面积在0.4～10μg·L~(-1)浓度范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.07～0.30μg·L~(-1)之间。方法的日内的相对标准偏差为2.9%～5.4%,日间的相对标准偏差为4.5%～8.9%。方法的加标回收率在81.5%～117.6%范围。     

碱金属化合物改性ZSM-5沸石的择形催化作用

经碱金属化合物改性的HZSM-5分子筛,能提高甲苯烷基化生成对二甲苯的选择性,降低二甲苯异构化活性。改性后沸石的表面总酸度下降,酸强度减弱,孔结构变化不明显。     

甲醇在氧化锌表面吸附的研究

摘要用原位红外和脉冲实验研究了甲醇在氧化锌表面的吸附行为. FTIR结果表明, 甲醇吸附于氧化锌上易生成甲氧基, 且其生成量随着吸附温度的提高而增加. 进一步的研究结果表明, 甲氧基是由甲醇同氧化锌表面的羟基反应生成的, 将其暴露于水蒸汽中后很快消失. 脉冲实验发现, 氧化锌上脉冲甲醇时产生水, 再脉冲水则产生甲醇. 因此甲醇在氧化锌表面吸附生成甲氧基和水的反应是可逆的.     

过硫酸钾引发苯乙烯微乳液聚合

以具有Ｙ型结构的乳化剂ＨＯＡ制备苯乙烯微乳液，能有效提高体系中单体浓度和单体对乳化剂的比例，用过硫酸眼具有苯乙烯含量较高的微乳液聚合，记录聚合速率随转化率的变化，观测到了聚合恒速期的存在，恒速期随单体浓度减小，过硫酸钾浓度增加及乳化剂浓度增加而缩短，还研究了聚合动力学，探讨了微乳液聚合的机理。     

植物油酸新戊二醇对苯二甲酸复合酯的合成及性能

用新戊二醇(NPG)和对苯二甲酰氯(TPA)反应生成“低聚物”中间体,当n(NPG)/n(TPA)由2.4增加至3.0时,中间体的聚合度(m)在3.5~1.45之间,收率75.5%。再将中间体与油酸、菜籽油酸进行酯化得到复合酯,收率88.5%。结果表明,复合酯的粘度随着分子量的增大而增大,粘度指数大于125,凝点低于－27℃,氧化稳定性随分子量的增大而提高,生物降解率＞70%,最大无卡咬负荷(PB)为784N,磨斑直径0.41mm,热分解温度＞250 ℃,因此植物油酸新戊二醇对苯二甲酸复合酯是性能良好的绿色润滑剂。     

高效液相色谱柱后衍生法测定谷物中9种氨基甲酸酯类农药及3种代谢物残留量

研究了用ＷａｔｅｒｓＣａｒｂａｍａｔｅ分析系统柱后衍生化荧光检测器测定谷物中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的方法。用ＷａｔｅｒｓＣａｒｂａｍａｔｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓＣｏｌｕｍｎ对９种农药和３种代谢产物进行分离,碱液水解,ＯＰＡ柱后衍生,有很好的选择性、重现性和灵敏度,最低检出限为５μｇ／ｋｇ。     

Determination of residual clopidol in chicken muscle by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Clopidol was extracted from chicken with acetonitrile, and the extract was evaporated to about 5 mL. The concentrated solution was centrifuged and applied to a glass column filled with basic alumina. The column was eluted with methanol and the methanol was evaporated to dryness. The residue was derivatized with Sylon BFT and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Mass characteristics of trimethylsilyl derivative of clopidol were interpreted manually. The selected-ion monitoring mode was performed at m/z 191, 248, 263, and 265. A sensitive, reproducible GC/MS method was developed for monitoring residues of clopidol in chickens. All recoveries of the drug from chicken muscle fortified at 1, 10, and 100 ng/g were > 65%, and relative standard deviations were < 15%. The detection limit was about 0.5 ng/g, and the quantitation limit was the lower limit of the standard curve, which was about 1 ng/g.     

镧掺杂硫酸钛的酸性及催化缩酮活性

以La2O3为镧源,硫酸钛掺杂镧后经高温焙烧制得一类稀土改性固体酸.用DTA,XRD表征催化剂结构,用吸附吡啶的FT-IR表征其表面酸性,由Hammett指示剂来测定酸强度,以正丁胺定量分析催化剂表面Bronsted酸和Lewis酸酸量;用环己酮与乙二醇缩酮化反应表征其酸催化性能.结果表明:催化剂表面同时存在B酸和L酸中心,且B/L酸量比与焙烧温度、镧的含量呈现较好的线性关系;在缩酮化反应中具有良好的催化活性,在300～600℃的实验范围内,催化活性随灼烧温度的升高而降低,随镧含量的增加而升高,兼有B酸和L酸的催化剂具有更好的催化活性.催化剂易回收和再生,反应后处理简单,无废酸排放,可重复使用多次,该固体酸是一种环境友好催化剂.     

Anionic synthesis of poly[ethylene methylene bis(4-phenyl-carbamate)-g-acrylonitrile]

A relatively high-molecular-weight polyurethane based on MDI and ethylene glycol was prepared and characterized. This polymer was metalated with sodium hydride in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at about 0°C. Metalation was confirmed principally by spectroscopic identification of the N-methyl derivative obtained by coupling the metalated polymer with methyl iodide. Under appropriate reaction conditions the metalated polyurethane was used for the anionic graft polymerization of the reactive monomers acrylonitrile and ethylene and propylene sulfides. Attempted anionic graft polymerizations with other monomers, including styrene and ethylene and propylene oxides, were unsuccessful. The polyurethane grafted with acrylonitrile was separated by fractionation from accompanying small amounts of polyacrylonitrile, a low-molecular-weight homopolymer. One sample of polyurethane grafted with acrylonitrile was identified by microanalysis, IR, NMR, and increase in weight and was also characterized by differential thermal analysis.     

Synthesis, Reactions, and Anti-arrhythmic activity of Substituted Heterocyclic Systems Using 5-Chloroanisic Acid as Starting Material

Summary. A series of substituted heterocyclic systems were prepared from N1-[4-(4-fluorocinnamoyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamide, which was prepared from the corresponding 5-chloroanisic acid (2-methoxy-4-chlorobenzoic acid) as starting material. Treating of the cinnamoyl derivative with hydrazine hydrate in dioxane afforded a pyrazoline, which was reacted with morpholine and paraformaldehyde to give the N-substituted pyrazoline. Acylation of pyrazoline with acetyl chloride in dioxane afforded the N-acetyl analogue. Also, the cinamoyl derivative was reacted with methylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine, or ethyl cyanoacetate to yield the corresponding N-methyl-, N-phenylpyrazoline, pyrane, and pyridone derivatives. Condensation of the cinnamoyl derivative with cyanothioacetamide gave the pyridinethione derivative, which was treated with ethyl chloroacetate affording the ethyl carboxylate derivative. Also, it was reacted with malononitrile or ethyl acetoacetae to give the cyano amino analougues and ethyl carboxylate, which was reacted with methylhydrazine to give the (indazolyl)phenyl derivative. On the other hand, reaction of cinnamoyl derivative with acetyl acetone afforded the cyclohexenyl derivative, which was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give the [methylindazolyl]phenyl derivative. Condensation of the cinnamoyl derivative with guanidine hydrochloride or thiourea afforded the aminopyrimidine derivative and thioxopyrimidine. The latter was condensed with chloroacetic acid to yield a thiazolopyrimidine, which was condensed with 2-thiophenealdehyde to yield the arylmethylene derivative, however, it was also prepared directly from thiopyrimidine by the action of chloroacetic acid, 2-thiophenealdehyde, and anhydrous sodium acetate. The pharmacological screening showed that many of these compounds have good anti-arrhythmic activity and low toxicity.     

刚玉粉、高岭土、莫来石中铝、硅的测定

主要针对三种原材料中的Al含量和Si含量的分析方法进行讨论。采用容量法对其中的Al含量进行测定,在酸性溶液中,加入过量的EDTA溶液络合铝并掩蔽残余元素。在微酸性溶液中以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用氯化锌标准溶液滴定过量的EDTA,以氟化铵络合铝而游离出等量的EDTA。再用氯化锌标准溶液滴定至溶液呈橙红色即为终点。根据氯化锌标准溶液的消耗量换算出Al2O3的含量。采用重量法对其中Si含量进行测定,将熔融后的试样进行处理,使之生成硅酸沉淀。经灼烧、称重后以硫酸、氢氟酸进行挥硅处理,再灼烧称重,根据两次质量之差换算出SiO2的含量。两种分析方法均为经典化学分析方法,其分析结果准确可靠,并且具有广泛的使用性。     

氨基酸修饰壳聚糖对胆固醇的吸附作用

通过将不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖粉末与戊二醛交联,再经苯丙氨酸和色氨酸修饰,得到了两种珠状壳聚糖吸附剂,并进而研究了有关吸附剂对胆因醇的吸附性能。实验表明,交联壳聚糖珠对ＣＨＯ的吸附能力比壳聚糖粉末降低,而经不同氨基酸修饰后的壳聚糖珠对ＣＨＯ吸附能力提高,用Ｐｈｅ修饰比用Ｔｒｙ修饰的珠吸附性能更好些。