长波HgCdTe红外探测器的暗电流机理研究进展

介绍了HgCdTe红外探测器的发展历程,详细分析了长波HgCdTe红外探测器的暗电流机制、采用同时拟合方法对暗电流参数进行提取与分析,介绍了为降低暗电流的一些新的研究进展。     

长波大面积HgCdTe光导红外探测器的研究

研制的长波大面积HgCdTe光导红外探测器的面积为2.1×2.1mm~2,在80K时探测率D_p~*=1.86×10~(10)cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1),响应率R_p=386VW~(-1),长波限λ_(co)(50%)>18μm.还研制了带有低温聚光器组合件结构的新型探测器,D_p~*=7.3×10~(10)cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1),λ_(co)(50%)>16μm.     

长波红外探测器

法国红外公司（Sofradir）推出一种名为维纳斯的长波红外探测器．这是一种紧凑的致冷型焦平面列阵,其规格为384×288元,像元的间距为25μm,最高帧速率为330Hz．这种探测器以HgCdTe为材料,其特点是像元均匀性高,探测和识别距离远,分辨率高,功耗低．这种探测器的应用包括装甲运输、航空飞行器和工业生产过程的控制．     

回熔过程对HgCdTe长波红外光伏探测器的I-V性能的影响

对三种不同工艺的HgCdTe长波器件(标准工艺、回熔处理、离子注入后退火)的I-V性能分别进行测试,并通过理论计算与实验数据拟合提取上述器件参数,分析暗电流机制及导致暗电流变化的原因。文章中使用的暗电流机制的模型由扩散电流、产生-复合电流、缺陷辅助隧道电流和直接隧道电流组成。从拟合得到的器件参数中可以发现回熔过程中产生了大量的缺陷,导致缺陷辅助隧道电流、产生复合电流显著增加,器件反偏电阻减小,I-V性能变差。与离子注入后退火器件的性能变化相比,推测导致器件回熔后性能下降的原因是ZnS钝化层受热不稳定。     

Si基HgCdTe变面积光伏探测器的变温特性研究

通过变面积Si基HgCdTe器件变温I-V测试和暗电流特性拟合分析,研究了不同偏压下n-on-p型Si基HgCdTe光伏器件的暗电流成分与Si基HgCdTe材料少子扩散长度和少子寿命随温度的变化规律.在液氮温度下,随着反向偏压的增大器件的表面漏电流在暗电流中所占比重逐渐增加.在零偏压下,当温度低于200 K时材料的少子...     

监视应用的高性能长波红外HgCdTe扫描焦平面列阵（上）

本文介绍用ＨｇＣｄＴｅ（ＭＣＴ）制备的先进的扫描型长波红外（ＬＷＩＲ）焦平面列阵（ＦＰＡ）。该列阵包含一个与ＳｉＣＭＯＳ读出积分电路匹配的,由正面照射的平面型Ｐ型上为ｎ型的同质结二极管组成的列阵,在６５Ｋ下该列阵所测得的平均光谱截止波长为１０．８μｍ,平均量子效率为８７％,在６５和７８Ｋ温度下和无背景辐射条件下,焦平面列阵的峰值Ｄ分别超过９．３×１０＾１１和２．６×１０＾１１ｃｍ．Ｈｚ＾１／２／Ｗ     

俄罗斯HgCdTe红外焦平面探测器的现状

介绍了俄罗斯对HgCdTe红外焦平面探测器的分代标准,及俄罗斯     

回熔过程对HgCdTe长波红外光伏探测器的Ⅰ-Ⅴ性能的影响

对三种不同工艺的HgCdTe长波器件(标准工艺、回熔处理、离子注入后退火)的Ⅰ-Ⅴ性能分别进行测试,并通过理论计算与实验数据拟合提取上述器件参数,分析暗电流机制及导致暗电流变化的原因.文章中使用的暗电流机制的模型由扩散电流、产生-复合电流、缺陷辅助隧道电流和直接隧道电流组成.从拟合得到的器件参数中可以发现回熔过程中产生了大量的缺陷,导致缺陷辅助隧道电流、产生复合电流显著增加,器件反偏电阻减小,Ⅰ-Ⅴ性能变差.与离子注入后退火器件的性能变化相比,推测导致器件回熔后性能下降的原因是ZnS钝化层受热不稳定.     

Minority carrier lifetime and noise in abrupt molecular-beam epitaxy-grown HgCdTe heterostructures

The steady-state lifetime of photogenerated minority carriers has been investigated in heterostructure HgCdTe devices fabricated on molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) grown material. A wider bandgap capping layer (Hg_(1−x)Cd_(x)Te, x = 0.44) was grown on a narrower bandgap absorbing layer (Hg_(1−x)Cd_(x)Te, x = 0.32, λ_co,80K = 4.57 μm) material in an uninterrupted MBE growth to create an abrupt heterointerface. Steady-state lifetime as a function of temperature over the range 80–300 K was extracted from photoconductive responsivity at an optical wavelength corresponding to the peak responsivity at that temperature. At 80 K, the photoconductors exhibit a specific detectivity of 4.5 × 10¹¹ cm Hz^−1/2W⁻¹ (chopping frequency of 1 kHz). For each measurement temperature, the steady-state excess carrier lifetime determined experimentally was compared to the theoretical bulk lifetime for material with x = 0.32 and effective n-type doping density of 3.7 × 10¹⁴ cm⁻³. Theoretical calculations of the Auger-1 lifetime based on expressions developed by Pratt et al. were not able to account for the reduction in lifetime observed at temperatures above 180 K. Two approaches have been attempted to resolve this discrepancy: A semiempirical expression for Auger lifetime attributed to Meyer et al. was used to fit to the data, with the Auger coefficient γ as a fitting parameter. However, the resulting Auger coefficient found in this work is more than an order of magnitude higher than that reported previously. Alternatively, the reduction in effective lifetime above 180 K may be understood as a “loss” of carriers from the narrow bandgap absorbing layer that are promoted across the potential barrier in the conduction band into a low lifetime, wider bandgap capping layer. The reduction in lifetime as a function of inverse temperature for temperatures above 180 K may be fitted by a “cap lifetime” that has an activation energy equal to the change in bandgap across the heterostucture and scaled by a fitting constant.     

用微波反射法测HgCdTe中少数载流子寿命

介绍了用微波反射法测量ＨｇＣｄＴｅ中的少数载流子寿命,分析了其测量原理,并与接触式的光电导衰减法进行了比较。     

Electrical properties of HgCdTe epilayers doped with silver using an AgNO3 solution

We employed AgNO₃ solutions for doping Ag in liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) grown Hg_0.78Cd_0.22Te epilayers and found that the minority carrier lifetimes became longer so that the diode properties improved. After annealing LPE grown Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te layers (x=0.22) in Hg atmosphere, the epilayers were immersed in an AgNO₃ solution at room temperature. The typical carrier concentrations of holes was 3 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ at 77K. These values were almost the same as for the nondoped wafers. Also, its acceptor level was 3 to 4 meV. This shows that the Ag was activated. The doped crystals have lifetimes several times longer than those of the nondoped crystals. Numerical fitting showed the lifetime was limited mostly by the Auger 7 process. The Shockley-Read-Hall recombination process was not effective. To examine the Ag-doped wafer, we fabricated photodiodes using standard planar technology. The diodes have an average zero-bias resistance of several MΩ and a shunt resistance of about 1 GΩ for a 10 μm cutoff wavelength at 78K. These values are about four times higher than those of nondoped diodes. The photo current is also two times higher at the same pixel size. This shows that the quantum efficiency is increased. The extension of the lifetime contributes to the high resistance and the high quantum efficiency of the photodiode.     

瞬态光响应法测试中波碲镉汞器件少子寿命的新方法

在测试中波碲镉汞光伏器件的瞬态响应时,当激光光斑照射器件表面位置距离光敏面较远时,器件表现为特殊的双峰脉冲响应现象,分析表明出现这种异常双脉冲现象的原因是光敏区内的少子漂移和光敏区外侧向收集的少子扩散有时间上的差异。通过对器件施加反向偏压,脉冲响应随反向偏压的增大由双峰变成单峰的实验结果,验证了少子侧向收集是导致器件形成双峰的主要原因。对第二个峰拟合得到p区的少数载流子寿命。将瞬态响应获得的少子寿命与该p型中波碲镉汞材料的理论计算和光电导衰退法得到的少子寿命相对比,发现三种方式得到的少子寿命随温度的变化趋势基本一致,这说明了可以通过瞬态光响应得到中波碲镉汞器件的少子寿命。     

碲镉汞p^＋-on-n长波异质结探测器的研究

报道了HgCdTe p^ -on-o长波异质结焦平面器件的研究结果．采用由分子柬外延(MBE)和原位掺杂技术生长的P^ -on-n异质结材料,通过湿法腐蚀、台面钝化、台面金属化、铟柱制备和互连等工艺,得到了HgCdTe p^ -on-o长波异质结焦平面器件．根据,I-V实验结果和暗电流理论,拟合计算和分析了各种暗电流机制对器件性能的影响．且获得了器件的响应光谱和探测率。     

碲镉汞材料少子寿命的微波反射光电导衰减测量

详细说明了用微波反射光电导衰减(μ-PCD)测量碲镉汞材料(MCT)中少数载流子寿命的原理.μ-PCD系统对样品少数载流子寿命的测量范围为20 ns至3 ms,测量温度可以从80 K到325 K变化,整个系统的测量由计算机控制自动进行,可以对样品进行X-Y平面扫描测量并进行结果数据分析.同时,还报道了用μ-PCD技术测量液相外延MCT薄膜材料少数载流子寿命的结果.     

脉冲恢复技术测量有限宽基区HgCdTe光电二极管少子寿命

利用脉冲恢复技术测量了有限宽基区n+-on-p光电二极管中的少子寿命.实验发现,反向恢复时间同正、反向电流的大小有关.从恢复时间ts与IF/IR函数关系提取的少子寿命随着基区厚度与少子扩散长度比值降低而明显增大.在77 K时,采用传统方法脉冲回复技术提取的少子寿命为28 ns,而当考虑短基区效应时,所提取的少子寿命为51 ns.这表明HgCdTe光电二极管的基区厚度与少子扩散长度比值是采用脉冲恢复技术测量少子寿命技术中的一个重要参数.只有当基区厚度大于三倍少子扩散长度时,传统方法中无限基区厚度的假设条件才成立.     

非接触式半导体少子寿命测试方法——微波反射法

介绍了一种非接触式用于测量少子寿命的微波反射法,并与通常的光电导衰退法进行了比较。     

利用二次阳极氧化方法降低N型碲镉汞材料表面复合速度

利用微波反射光电导衰退法比较了采用一次阳极氧化和二次阳极氧化的N型碲镉汞材料的非平衡载流子寿命及其随温度的变化,通过与理论值进行比较拟合得到了碲镉汞材料表面复合速度随温度的变化曲线.结果发现,二次阳极氧化方法能够更好地降低材料表面悬挂键的密度,同时减少抛光引入的表面缺陷能级的数量,从而降低材料的表面复合速度,改善材料的非平衡载流子寿命,利于制造出高性能的HgCdTe红外探测器.