含二茂铁基聚合物的合成及应用研究进展

二茂铁基聚合物由于具有独特的结构特点,使其在电化学、催化、材料等方面受到了广泛的关注.二茂铁聚合物的种类较多且合成方法多种多样.本文综述了近年来含二茂铁基聚合物的合成及应用.从缩聚、开环聚合和接枝共聚等方面介绍了近年来二茂铁基聚合物的合成方法,讨论了二茂铁基聚合物在电化学、生物材料及其他方面的应用.最后,对二茂铁基聚合...     

全共轭型二茂铁基聚合物

由于二茂铁独特的夹心结构使含二茂铁基聚合物具有独特的电、磁、催化以及氧化还原性能。全共轭型二茂铁基聚合物由于其特殊的π-π电子结构,使其在电学、光学等方面的表现出优越的性质。本文从3个方面（主链型、侧链型和超支化型）介绍了近年来含有二茂铁基团全共轭聚合物的合成及其性能方面的研究进展,讨论了聚合物的结构对溶解性、氧化还原性等方面的影响,并探讨了这一领域存在的问题及可能的发展方向。     

主链或侧链含二茂铁的聚合物的合成和应用

由于二茂铁基聚合物独特的结构和性能,其在电化学、生物医学及光学等领域具有广阔应用前景。开发新型二茂铁基聚合物并探索其应用已经成为科研工作者的研究热点。本文主要综述主链或侧链含二茂铁的聚合物的合成及应用。其中合成主链含二茂铁的聚合物的方法主要有缩聚法和开环聚合法等。合成侧链含二茂铁的聚合物的方法主要有自由基聚合法、原子转移自由基聚合法和可逆加成断裂链转移聚合法等。最后,对二茂铁基聚合物的应用前景进行了展望。     

高度支化状二茂铁基聚合物研究进展*

高度支化状二茂铁基聚合物具有丰富的拓扑结构形态和独特的电、磁、催化和氧化还原性能,而且这类材料具有独特的流动性能、低的粘度和进一步的可反应性,从而使得它们展现出良好的应用前景,开发二茂铁基功能高分子材料正日益受到重视.本文介绍高度支化状二茂铁基聚合物的合成、结构、性能以及应用的研究进展.     

对二茂铁苯甲酸构筑的一维链状配位聚合物[Pb(η~2-FcL)_2(phen)]_n的合成、晶体结构和性质

<正>0引言基于二茂铁及其衍生物独特的结构特征、灵活多样的配位模式,以及该类化合物在非线性光学材料、分子磁体材料、液晶材料以及均相催化等领域的重要用途而倍受关注[1-2]。人们尝试通过把二茂铁引入到其他的分子体系中得到一些新型的含二茂铁基的化合物,其中二茂铁羧酸衍生物作为一类性能优良的配体已被广泛应用于构筑功能配合物,并且已有较多的二茂铁单甲酸、二茂铁双甲酸的配合物被报道[3-8]。但迄今所报道的这些配合物大多为单     

二茂铁基环氧衍生物

二茂铁基环氧的分子结构中同时含有环氧和二茂铁,是一类兼具化学活性和多功能性的特殊材料。这类材料具有单体结构多样性和聚合物的多功能性,近年来对其制备方法和应用的研究受到广泛关注。研究者们已利用二茂铁醛、酮、烯、氯醇、双醇、乙酰氯等为中间体,制备出二十多种小分子化合物。采用二茂铁接枝环氧聚合物或含烯单体自由基聚合,分别得到多种结构的聚合物。本文在综述二茂铁基环氧制备方法的基础上,进一步讨论了这类材料的结构稳定性。研究发现,当二茂铁处于环氧的邻位时,极易形成卡宾结构,使得环氧开环并重排成醛。通过列举典型研究实例,阐明其在功能材料、传感介质、燃速催化、催化剂配体以及药物合成等方面的应用,并就其在材料表界面的发展趋势进行了展望。     

含偶氮苯光学活性侧基聚合物研究进展

综述了含偶氮苯光学活性侧基聚合物近年来的发展概况 ,介绍了多种聚合体系的类型。由于偶氮苯光于活性侧基的存在 ,使得这些聚合物具有光致变色性、非线性光学活性、光学各向异性等光学性能 ,在光信息存储材料、非线性光学材料、液晶材料、光电子器件、生物分子活性光调控、纳米技术等诸多领域都有广泛的应用。     

协同的共价-超分子聚合物

共价聚合物性质稳定但缺乏动态性，超分子聚合物动态性有余而机械性能不足.受生命体中超分子聚合物工作机制的启发，我们将共价聚合物和超分子聚合物整合到同一体系，并采用有效的连接方式将两者关联，进而融合甚至放大2种聚合物的性能优势，发展了协同的共价-超分子聚合物.本文从协同的共价-超分子聚合物的概念及特点出发，介绍了这一特殊形式的聚合物.然后，总结了现有的用于构筑协同的共价-超分子聚合物的聚合策略.进一步地，重点介绍了协同聚合物的结构和性能表现，阐明协同聚合物的性能优势和构效关系.最后，指出了协同聚合物未来发展所面临的关键问题和重要挑战.协同的共价-超分子聚合物体系的提出，可用于克服单一聚合物体系存在的固有缺陷，推动实现超分子聚合物的现实应用，也为发展机械性能和动态性俱佳的智能高分子材料提供新思路.     

向高功能发展的配位聚合物*

运用晶体工程的经验和方法合理设计和制备具有特定网络结构和理化性能的配位聚合物是当前配位化学、超分子化学、材料化学及相关领域的研究热点之一。作为一类新型分子基晶体材料,配位聚合物（尤其是多孔配位聚合物）在客体交换与分离、气体储存、手性拆分、药物缓释、电致发光、选择性催化、分子识别及微孔器件等诸多方面均显示出潜在的应用前景。本文简要介绍了此类化合物作为具有复合性能的多功能晶体材料,在吸附、催化及光、电、磁等方面应用的最新研究进展。     

环糊精超分子聚合物在药物/基因递送载体领域的研究进展

超分子聚合物通常以非共价键作为构筑驱动力,其结构具有动态可逆的特点,在新型响应性聚合物材料中具有突出优势。环糊精可通过主客体识别作用与客体分子如二茂铁、偶氮苯、金刚烷、苯环等形成包合,以此构筑的超分子组装体展现出丰富的自组装-解组装特性、刺激响应性、较低的细胞毒性和较好的生物相容性,有望在药物/基因载体领域得到应用。本文从环糊精超分子聚合物的生物医用出发,着重对近年来环糊精超分子聚合物载体在药物控制释放、基因转染以及药物/基因共递送三方面的研究进展进行了总结和评述,并在此基础上展望了环糊精超分子聚合物的研究方向和发展趋势。     

Functional polymers: scanning force microscopy insights

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) and related techniques make it possible to visualize polymer systems with a molecular resolution. Beyond imaging, they also enable the unveiling of a variety of (dynamic) physico-chemical properties of both isolated polymer chains and their supramolecular architectures, including structural, mechanical and electronic properties. This article reviews recent progress in the use of SFM on polymers, with a particular emphasis on the mechanical properties of copolymers and single polymer chains, as well as on the bottom-up fabrication of supramolecular polymeric (helical) nanostructures in particular based upon pi-conjugated macromolecules as building blocks for nanoelectronics. Through a detailed understanding of the polymer behavior, we propose solutions for the generation of organic functional (nano)systems.     

Free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of a ferrocenyl-containing iron(II) clathrochelate complex and initiators of various natures

Benzoyl peroxide-, lauryl peroxide-, and AIBN-initiated free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been studied in bulk and solution in the presence of macrobicyclic iron(II) bis(ferrocenyl borate) tris(nioximate). It has been found that the ferrocenyl-containing iron(II) clathrochelate forms efficient initiating systems with peroxides, whereas, in the case of AIBN, its presence has no effect on the kinetic parameters of the process and the properties of the resulting polymer. The use of clathrochelate complex-peroxide initiator systems accelerates the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and decreases the molecular mass of the polymer. The kinetic parameters of the process have been determined.     

Supramolecular polymers as dynamic multicomponent cellular uptake carriers

Supramolecular synthesis represents a flexible approach to the generation of dynamic multicomponent materials with tunable properties. Here, cellular uptake systems based on dynamic supramolecular copolymers have been developed using a combination of differently functionalized discotic molecules. Discotics featuring peripheral amine functionalities that endow the supramolecular polymer with cellular uptake capabilities were readily synthesized. This enabled the uptake of otherwise cell-impermeable discotics via cotransport as a function of supramolecular coassembly. Dynamic multicomponent and multifunctional supramolecular polymers represent a novel and unique platform for modular cellular uptake systems.     

Controlling supramolecular polymerization through multicomponent self‐assembly

The self‐assembly into supramolecular polymers is a process driven by reversible non‐covalent interactions between monomers, and gives access to materials applications incorporating mechanical, biological, optical or electronic functionalities. Compared to the achievements in precision polymer synthesis via living and controlled covalent polymerization processes, supramolecular chemists have only just learned how to developed strategies that allow similar control over polymer length, (co)monomer sequence and morphology (random, alternating or blocked ordering). This highlight article discusses the unique opportunities that arise when coassembling multicomponent supramolecular polymers, and focusses on four strategies in order to control the polymer architecture, size, stability and its stimuli‐responsive properties: (1) end‐capping of supramolecular polymers, (2) biomimetic templated polymerization, (3) controlled selectivity and reactivity in supramolecular copolymerization, and (4) living supramolecular polymerization. In contrast to the traditional focus on equilibrium systems, our emphasis is also on the manipulation of self‐assembly kinetics of synthetic supramolecular systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 34–78     

Supramolecular polymer/metal salt complexes containing quadruple hydrogen bonding units

A supramolecular material containing quadruple hydrogen bonding sites was prepared by reacting the amines of methyl isocytosine and the epoxy groups of poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether). This supramolecular polymer was complexed with metal salt, that is potassium iodide, to produce polymer electrolytes, and their physical properties, specific interactions, and conductivity behavior were investigated. The ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes continuously increased with increasing salt concentration up to 0.4 of salt weight fraction, presenting usually high solubility limit of salt in the supramolecular polymer. Wide angle X‐ray scattering data also presented that the metal salt was completely dissolved in the supramolecular polymer up to 0.4 of salt weight fraction. Upon the introduction of metal salt, the mechanical properties of the supramolecular polymer were significantly enhanced by around 10 times and the glass transition temperature of the polymer increased by about 50 °C, as revealed by complex melt viscosities and differential scanning calorimetry. These unusual behaviors of salt solubility and mechanical properties for supramolecular polymer/metal salt complexes were attributed to the strong, additional metal ion coordination to hydrogen bonding sites as well as ether oxygens of polymer matrix, as supported by FTIR spectroscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3181–3188, 2007     

Suppression of mesoscopic order by complementary interactions in supramolecular polymers

We show here that complementary interactions can suppress mesoscopic order and thus lead to a counterintuitive change in material properties. We present results for telechelic supramolecular polymers based on poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), thymine (Thy), and diaminotriazine (DAT). The self-complementary systems based on Thy exhibit lamellar order and 2D crystallization of Thy in the bulk. We show that the microphase segregation is inhibited by addition of DAT: the strong complementary Thy-DAT interaction inhibits crystallization of thymine in microdomains and lamellar structuration. As a result, the supramolecular polymer with only weakly self-complementary stickers is a solid, whereas the supramolecular polymer with strongly complementary stickers is a liquid.     

Rheology of carbosilane dendrimers with various types of end groups

The rheological properties of high-generation carbosilane dendrimers carrying different kinds of terminal groups are studied. It is shown that the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of dendrimers and the high-temperature relaxation transition in dendrimers are interrelated and result from the reversible breakdown of the supramolecular structure formed by the system of contacts of exterior shells of dendrimers. The strength of the supramolecular structure is dependent on the specific interaction of terminal groups of dendrimers and their mobility. The dendrimers under study demonstrate the dualism of macromolecule-particle properties: They behave as both polymer melts and colloidal systems.     

High impact resistance epoxy resins by incorporation of quadruply hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymers

A bisphenol A based epoxy was incorporated with a quadruply hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymer as a toughening agent to prepare a composite epoxy resin with higher impact resistance. The supramolecular polymer comprising poly-(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl) ether chains and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone moieties (UPy) self-assembled into spherical domains with sizes of 300 nm to 600 nm in diameter by micro phase separation in bulk epoxy matrixes. A significant improvement of 300% in impact resistance of the supramolecular polymer incorporated epoxy resin was obtained when the content of supramolecular polymer was 10 wt%. Tensile tests showed that the mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resin containing the hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers are also improved compared with those of the neat epoxy resin.     

Novel ferrocenyl phosphonate derivatives. Inhibition of serine hydrolases by ferrocene azaphosphonates

Owing to their unique properties, ferrocene compounds are gaining increasing interest for biological applications, particularly as enzyme inhibitors. Phosphonate derivatives including a ferrocenyl moiety were synthesized by reaction of dimethyl‐ and diphenylphosphite with ferrocenyl methyl maleimide. The ferrocenyl diphenyl phosphonate complex was characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The ability of these organometallic compounds to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the serine esterases acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase was investigated. It appeared that the new ferrocenyl phosphonates inhibited both enzymes by competitive, mixed or non competitve mechanisms with inhibition constants in the range 35–1000 µM. Both compounds also behave as slow time‐dependent inactivators of butyrylcholinesterase. The presence of the ferrocenyl entity seems then to have a dramatic effect on the biochemical behavior of the systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.