Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae VI. Pentaketide metabolites and neutral lipids of virulent and avirulent strains

Summary A comparative study of the amounts of the phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 and of extracellular and intracellular lipids in five strains and mutants ofVerticillium dahliae differing in virulence and in the nonpathogenic fungusV. lateritium has been made. A definite correlation has been found between virulence and PKZh-1 content.It has been established that the extracellular lipids are produced in considerable amounts by the virulent strains while in the avirulent mutants and inV. lateritium they are absent or present in only very small amount. The contents of neutral lipids in the mycelia of strains and mutants differing in virulence do not differ significantly. There are definite differences in the compositions of the neutral lipids and in the fatty-acid compositions of the individual classes of lipids.From the culture liquid of one of the avirulent strains (R-196), 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-one has been isolated.V. I. Lenin State University. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 632–635, September–October, 1977.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae VIII. Interaction of the phytotoxic metabolite PKZh-1 with Na+,K+-ATPase

Summary It has been established that the phototoxic metabolite PKZh-1 of the fungusV. dahliae and, to a smaller extent, its chromophoric moiety possess an inhibiting action on the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase of the microsomal fraction of the cells of the root hairs of the cotton plant of variety 108-F.The absence of specificity in the action of the phytotoxin has been shown in experiments on the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase of the microsomal fractions of the cells of the cerebral cortexes of the ox, rat, and frog, bovine kidney, and tarantula ganglion.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Institute of Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–62, January–February, 1979.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae. XI. Primary structure of the polypeptide moiety of the phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1

The sequence of the 27 amino acid residues composing the polypeptide moiety of the phytotoxic metabolite PKZh-1 of the fungusV. dahliae has been determined on the basis of the structures of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides. It has been established that the linkage of the polypeptide with 2,5,7-trihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (flaviolin), which is the chromophoric moiety of PKZh-1, is effected through an ester bond formed by the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid and one of the hydroxy groups of flaviolin.Deceased.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 630–636, September–October, 1981.     

Investigation of the coumarins and furocoumarins ofHippomarathrum caspium (DC.) Grossh.

Summary 1. Osthole, oxypeucedanin, heraclenin, and oxypeucedanin hydrate have been isolated from the roots ofHippomarathrum caspium (DC) Grossh. and identified; the presence of traces of isoimperatorin, imperatorin, and umbelliferone has been established chromatographically. A substance with mp 149–150° apparently belonging to the sitosterol group has been obtained.2. Xanthotoxin has been isolated from the leaves and stems; the presence of a small amount of bergaptene and umbelliferone has been detected chromatographically.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 356–359, 1965     

The structure of teucrin A

Summary The structure of a new 18-norditerpenoid — teucrin A, isolated from the plantTeucrium chamaedrys L. — has been demonstrated. It has been shown that it belongs to the furolactones with a rearranged labdane skeleton.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 31–35, January–February, 1973.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Silene. IX. Ecdysterone 22-O-benzoate from Silene scabrifolia

An ecdysteroid which has proved to be ecdysterone 22-O-benzoate has been isolated from the epigeal organs ofSilene scabrifolia Kom.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 77–80, January–February, 1986.     

A hydrolyzable tannin substance from the fruit ofRosa platyacantha

A new hydrolyzable tannin substance has been isolated from an anqueous hydrolysate of an aqueous-acetone extract of the fruit ofRosa platyacantha — 1-dehydrotrigalloyl--D-glucose — and it has been named platyacanthin. The substance is a minor component of the tannin complex.S. M. Kirov Kazakh State University, Alma-Ata. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 829–831, November–December, 1985.     

2,10-Didemethylcolchicine — A new alkaloid from Merendera robusta

The alkaloid complex ofMerendera robusta Bge. (familyLiliaceae) growing in the Tashkent province of the Uzbek SSR has been investigated. The main alkaloids of this plant are colchicine and colchamine. Eleven tropolone alkaloids and their photochemical isomers have been isolated and identified. A new alkaloid of phenolic nature has been isolated for which the structure of 2,10-didemethylcolchicine has been established.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 67–71, January–February, 1991.     

Sesquiterpene lactones from Inula japonica

Summary 1. FromInula japonica a new sesquiterpene lactone — deacetylinulicin — has been isolated.2. Spatial formulas have been put forward for inulicin and deacetylinulicin (Ia and Ib, respectively).All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 730–733, November–December, 1974.     

The structure of the sesquiterpene lactone saupirin

Conclusions A new sesquiterpene lactone, saupirin, has been isolated from the epigeal green part ofSaussurea neopulchella Lipsch. andSaussurea pulchella Fisch., and structure (I) has been proposed for it.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 727–736, November–December, 1971.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Serratula. Ajugasterone C 20,22-monoacetonide from Serratura wolffii

The phytoectysteroids of the epigeal part of the plantSerratula wolffii Andrae have been investigated. The structure of a new ecdysteroid — ajugasterone C 20,22-monoacetonide has been established. Seven known acdysteroids have been isolated and identified.Institute of Biochemistry, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Institute of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 71–76, January–February, 1992.     

Phospholipase A2 from the venom of the spider Eresus niger

A phospholipase A₂ with a molecular mass of 12–14 kDa has been isolated from the venom of the spiderEresus niger by three-stage column chromatography. Asparagine has been identified as the N-terminal amino acid.Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 557–560, July–August, 1991.     

Investigation of the protein component of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis

It has been established by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel that the protein component of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis consists of two poly-peptides with molecular weights of 42,000–45,000 and 18,000–20,000. These polypeptides have been detected in the cell wall ofY. pseudotuberculosis as the main components. Protein fractions B-2 and B-3, differing with respect to solubility in phenol, were isolated from the LPPC ofY. pseudotuberculosis by extraction with hot 45% phenol. These protein fractions had the same polypeptide composition, which is characteristic for membrane proteins. B-3 included the LPS component and B-2 contained lipid A or fragments of it as impurity. Fractions B-3 and B-2 precipitated with antiserum to the LPPC.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 92–97, January–February, 1980.     

Isolation and identification of a supplementary component of the sex pheromone of Mamestra brassicae females

Using gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, from an extract of the sex pheromone of females of the cabbage mothMamestra brassicae L. an additional component of the pheromone has been isolated and identified — heptadeccis-11-en-1-ol acetate.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Biological Methods of Plant Protection, Kishenev. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 235–238, March–April, 1986.     

Structure of the alkaloid schoberine

The structure of an alkaloid of a new type, schoberine, isolated from plants of the genusNitraria has been established by the x-ray structural method as perhydro-1,10-propano-4a,8a-diazaphenanthrene. Its chemical and spectral properties have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirondnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–34, January–February, 1989.     

Berberis alkaloids. XVII. Investigation of the alkaloids of Berberis heteropoda

The alkaloid composition of young shoots and leaves ofBerberis heteropoda Schrenk has been studied. In addition to known alkaloids, two new ones have been isolated — N-methyldihydroberberine and 8-oxoberberrubine, the structures of which were established by chemical transformations and a study of spectral properties. Of known alkaloids, berbamunine, aromoline, glaucine, thalicmidine, isocorydine, and reticuline have been found in this plant for the first time. Pseudopalmitine and laudanosine have been found for the first time in plants of the genusBerberis.Andizhan State Medical Institute. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of Uzbek Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 53–59, January–February, 1993.     

Alkaloids of the cultivated species Aconitum tauricum

Mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and the new alkaloid taurenine have been isolated from the roots of the cultivated speciesAconitum tauricum, and the structure of taurenine has been established.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden, Kola Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 108–112, January–February, 1992.     

Structure of the glycosides of Asparagus officinalis

Summary From the culture liquid of the mutant strains 47 and 48 ofAct. olivovariabilis a new o-naphthoquinone — olivovarin — has been isolated. Structure (I) is proposed for it.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Antibiotics. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 339–344, May–June, 1975.