基于聚合物-量子点共混的量子点发光二极管

在ITO玻璃上制备了ITO/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)∶poly(styrene sulphonate)(PEDOT∶PASS)/poly(N,N-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N-bis(phenyl)benzidine(poly-TPD)/QD/1,3,5-Tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl(TPBi)/Li F/Al结构的量子点发光二极管(QD-LED)。通过优化量子点的浓度,发现浓度为30 mg/m L时的器件性能最优,最大外量子效率(EQE)为0.83%,最大发光亮度为4 076 cd/m2。为了进一步提高QD-LED的发光效率,将QD掺入聚合物poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK)和1,3-Bis(5-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzene(OXD-7)中,以使得注入的电子和空穴更加平衡,同时还有助于能量传递,降低QD团聚及修饰QD薄膜表面,减少激子猝灭效应等。为此,通过旋涂和蒸镀两步法制备ITO/PEDOT∶PASS/poly-TPD/(PVK∶OXD-7)∶QD/TPBi/Li F/Al结构的器件,改变(PVK∶OXD-7)∶QD比例(1∶1,1∶3,1∶5,0∶1),发现(PVK∶OXD-7)∶QD为1∶3时的QD-LED具有最优性能,最大EQE为1.97%,相当于非掺杂器件的2.3倍,并且发光峰没有发生偏移。     

高效率钙钛矿量子点发光二极管研究进展

钙钛矿量子点具有光致发光量子产率高、发光光谱可调、光谱宽度窄、缺陷容忍度高以及独特的量子限域效应等优点,因此成为研制新型高效率发光二极管(LED)的热门材料。本文介绍了近几年基于钙钛矿量子点LED的研究最新进展。首先,介绍了钙钛矿量子点独特的晶体结构及钙钛矿发光器件的工作原理。然后,阐述了合成高光致发光量子产率(PLQY)量子点的方法及提高钙钛矿量子点LED效率的若干方法。最后,分析了当前钙钛矿量子点LED所面临的挑战如不稳定性及毒性,以及可应用在显示和照明方面的高效率LED所展现的前景。本综述为研制更高效率以及更加安全的钙钛矿量子点发光器件提供了有益的见解。     

量子点发光二极管取得重大突破

近日，浙江大学高新材料化学中心彭笑刚课题组和金一政课题组设计出一种新型的量子点发光二极管（QLED），其制备方法基于低成本、有潜力应用于大规模生产的溶液工艺，其综合性能则超越了已知的所有溶液工艺的红光器件，尤其是将使用亮度条件下的寿命推进到10万小时的实用水平。     

基于TiO2修饰层的量子点发光二极管设计及其性能

量子点发光二极管(QLEDs)具有色饱和度和色纯度高等优点,在照明与显示领域具有广泛应用前景,成为发光领域研究的热点之一.由于器件采用多层结构,表面和界面问题成为制约QLEDs发展的一个棘手问题.本文使用原子层沉积技术在氧化锌(ZnO)电子传输层和量子点(QDs)发光层之间插入不同厚度的二氧化钛(TiO2)薄层,对Zn...     

氧化锌作为电子传输层的量子点发光二极管

为降低量子点发光二极管(QLED)的开启电压,提高器件性能,利用电子传输性能良好的氧化锌(ZnO)作为电子传输层,制备了结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/poly-TPD/QDs/ZnO/Al的QLED样品。在该器件结构基础上,采用隧穿注入和空间电荷限制电流模型仿真分析了载流子在量子点(QDs)层的电流密度。研究发现,当ZnO厚度为50 nm时,poly-TPD的理论最优厚度为40 nm,载流子在QDs层的注入达到相对平衡。通过测试器件的电流密度-电压-亮度-发光效率特性,研究了空穴传输层厚度对QLED器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,当空穴传输层厚度为40 nm时,器件的开启电压为1.7 V,最大发光效率为1.18 cd/A。在9 V电压下,器件最大亮度达到5 225 cd/m~2,远优于其他厚度的器件。实验结果与仿真结果基本吻合。     

基于CsPbBr3钙钛矿量子点的高柔性绿光发光二极管

众所周知,柔性信息显示将在未来的光电应用中发挥重要作用。然而,由于电极材料和柔性衬底的选择有限,制备高效、稳定的柔性发光二极管仍然存在巨大的挑战。以光聚合物作为柔性衬底、CsPbBr3量子点作为发光层,成功地制备了柔性钙钛矿发光二极管。为了改善电子的注入和传输,采用Ag作阴极。结果表明,高柔性的钙钛矿发光二极管的最高亮度为10325 cd/m2且具有高色纯度(FWHM=19 nm)。此外,制备的钙钛矿发光二极管具有良好的柔性和机械延展性。在大约180°的弯曲角度下反复弯曲100次后,仍然保持着良好的器件性能。该研究为未来柔性显示器的应用奠定了研究基础。     

适用于喷墨打印制备发光二极管的ZnO量子点配体研究

喷墨打印工艺具有无接触、材料利用率高、成本较低,以及可图案化等优势,是制备全彩量子点显示的关键技术.迁移率高、材料稳定性好的ZnO量子点薄膜作为电子传输层一直是制备量子点发光二极管的重要材料.然而,在ZnO薄膜干燥的过程中,存在ZnO量子点团聚的问题,破坏了ZnO薄膜的形貌和厚度均一性,进而劣化了器件的发光性能.通常在ZnO量子点合成后需要加入配体乙醇胺来将其稳定分散.但是研究发现,当ZnO量子点在空气中干燥成膜时,其与乙醇胺配体连接的化学键容易断裂,使ZnO量子点之间发生聚集.同时氧含量随着时间不断上升,表明外界的水氧结合在薄膜表面,进一步加剧了ZnO量子点之间的团聚.通过使用结合更加紧密的乙二胺四乙酸配体可有效地改善该现象,制备出形貌良好、厚度均匀的ZnO薄膜,进而制备出高效稳定的喷墨打印量子点发光二极管.     

电子传输层厚度及阻塞层对量子点发光二极管性能的影响

针对量子点发光二极管(QLED)中载流子注入不平衡的问题,对空穴和电子在量子点层的注入速率进行了研究。制备了不同电子传输层厚度、结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/Poly-TPD/QDs/Alq3/Al的QLED样品。Alq_3厚度由25 nm逐步递增至45 nm时,器件的开启电压升高,器件均发出量子点的红光。当Alq_3厚度为30nm时,器件的电流效率最高。此时,空穴和电子在量子点层的注入速率达到相对平衡。为进一步研究器件的发光特性,在QDs和Alq_3接触界面嵌入电子阻塞层TPD。研究发现,当TPD的厚度为1 nm时,器件发出红光;当TPD厚度为3 nm和5 nm时,器件开始出现绿光。实验结果表明,在选取电子阻塞层时,应选择LUMO较低的材料且阻塞层的厚度必须很薄。     

垂直结构多色量子点LED(QD-LED)最新进展

量子点LED以胶体量子点为发光层,通过调节作为发光层量子点的尺寸可以制作出覆盖可见(380-780nm)以及近红外光谱的量子点LED(QD-LED),而且量子点LED器件发出的光谱范围很窄,其光谱半高宽可达30nm。简述了当今国内外关于QD-LED器件结构的研究成果以及器件的制作工艺,介绍了目前课题组最新的一些相关成果。重点阐述了目前已经得到验证的几种量子点器件结构,分析了其存在的优缺点,这些结论对进一步改进QD-LED的结构以及使其可以更有利于商业化提供了参考。     

基于CsPbBr3钙钛矿量子点的白光LED器件的电流稳定性研究

大多数针对CsPbBr3钙钛矿量子点的应用研究主要集中于绿光发射的LED,应用于WLED的报道较少,为此对基于CsPbBr3钙钛矿量子点的白光LED器件的电流稳定性进行研究.首先通过热注入法制备CsPbBr3钙钛矿量子点并测试其吸收光谱和发射光谱,吸收峰和发射峰分别为502 nm和512 nm.然后将CsPbBr3钙钛矿量子点与紫外光固化胶混合形成CsPbBr3钙钛矿量子点胶体,叠加红色荧光粉制作两种不同封装结构的白色发光二极管(WLED),分别为WLED Ⅰ和WLED Ⅱ.在10 mA的电流下,WLED Ⅰ的显色指数达到92.1,相关色温为4323 K,流明效率为33.04 lm/W,三个指标均高于WLEDⅡ.最后分别对WLED Ⅰ和WLED Ⅱ进行电流稳定性测试.在将驱动电流从10 mA慢慢增加到150mA以及在720 min的通电时间和15 mA的驱动电流两种条件下,分别测试两种WLED器件的性能.结果 表明,WLED Ⅰ显示出更稳定的变化趋势.     

Blue InGaN light-emitting diodes with dip-shaped quantum wells

InGaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with dip-shaped quantum wells and conventional rectangular quantum wells are numerically investigated by using the APSYS simulation software. It is found that the structure with dip-shaped quantum wells shows improved light output power, lower current leakage and less efficiency droop. Based on numerical simulation and analysis, these improvements on the electrical and the optical characteristics are attributed mainly to the alleviation of the electrostatic field in dip-shaped InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs).     

渐变型量子阱垒层厚度对GaN基双波长发光二极管发光特性调控的研究

采用软件理论分析的方法对渐变型量子阱垒层厚度的InGaN双波长发光二极(LED)的载流子浓度分布、 能带结构、自发发射谱、内量子效率、发光功率及溢出电子流等进行研究.分析结果表明, 增大量子阱垒层厚度会影响空穴在各量子阱的注入情况, 对双波长LED各量子阱中空穴浓度分布的 均衡性及双波长发光光谱的调控起到一定作用,但会导致内量子效率严重下降; 而当以特定的方式从n电极到p电极方向递减渐变量子阱垒层厚度时, 活性层量子阱的溢出电子流 得到有效的控制, 双发光峰强度达到基本一致, 同时芯片的内量子效率下降得到了有效控制, 且具备大驱动电流下较好的发光特性.     

半导体量子点在白光LED器件上的应用研究

以CdSe, CuInS₂和CdS:Mn量子点为例, 本文基于量子点白光LED器件的电光转换过程, 引入量子点的“类”光谱光效率函数, 给出了该器件的色坐标、光效和量子点配比等计算公式, 理论计算结果和实验结果基本一致. 研究结果表明量子点的荧光峰位和峰宽对白光器件的显色指数有显著影响.     

Current spreading in GaN-based light-emitting diodes

We have investigated the factors affecting the current spreading length(CSL) in GaN-based light-emitting diodes(LEDs) by deriving theoretical expressions and performing simulations with APSYS.For mesa-structure LEDs,the effects of both indium tin oxide(ITO) and n-GaN are taken into account for the first time,and a new Q factor is introduced to explain the effects of different current flow paths on the CSL.The calculations and simulations show that the CSL can be enhanced by increasing the thickness of the ITO layer and resistivity of the n-GaN layer,or by reducing the resistivity of the ITO layer and thickness of the n-GaN layer.The results provide theoretical support for calculating the CSL clearly and directly.For vertical-structure LEDs,the effects of resistivity and thickness of the CSL on the internal quantum efficiency(IQE) have been analyzed.The theoretical expression relating current density and the parameters(resistivity and thickness)of the CSL is obtained,and the results are then verified by simulation.The IQE under different current injection conditions is discussed.The effects of CSL resistivity play a key role at high current injection,and there is an optimal thickness for the largest IQE only at a low current injection.     

Non-doped-type white organic light-emitting diodes for lighting purpose

We demonstrate a non-doped white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) in which the blue-, green- and red-emissions are generated from 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq) and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-julolidyl 9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB), which is used as an ultrathin layer. The DCJTB ultrathin layer plays the chromaticity tuning role in optimizing the white spectral band by modulating the location of the DCJTB ultrathin layer in the green emissive Alq layer. The optimized WOLED gives the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage-1931 xy coordinates of (0.319, 0.335), a color rendering index of 91.2 at 10 V, a maximum brightness of 21010 cd/m² at 12 V and a maximum current efficiency of 5.17 cd/A at 6.6 V. The electroluminescence mechanism of the white device is also discussed.     

The advantage of blue InGaN multiple quantum wells light-emitting diodes with p-AlInN electron blocking layer

InGaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different electron blocking layers have been numerically investigated using the APSYS simulation software. It is found that the structure with a p-AlInN electron blocking layer showes improved light output power, lower current leakage, and smaller efficiency droop. Based on numerical simulation and analysis, these improvements of the electrical and optical characteristics are mainly attributed to the efficient electron blocking in the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs).     

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of size-tunable ZnAgInSe quaternary quantum dots

Colloidal ZnAgInSe (ZAISe) quantum dots (QDs) with different particle sizes were obtained by accommodating the reaction time. In the previous research, photoluminescence (PL) of ZAISe QDs only could be tuned by changing the composition. In this work the size-tunable photoluminescence was observed successfully. The red shift in the photoluminescence spectra was caused by the quantum confinement effect. The time-resolved photoluminescence indicated that the luminescence mechanisms of the ZAISe QDs were contributed by three recombination processes. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent PL spectra were investigated. We verified the regular change of temperature-dependent PL intensity, peak energy, and the emission linewidth of broadening for ZAISe QDs. According to these fitting data, the activation energy (ΔE) of ZAISe QDs with different nanocrystal sizes was obtained and the stability of luminescence was discussed.     

Tunnelling current in Schottky diodes containing InAs quantum dots

Current transport mechanism in Schottky diode containing InAs quantum dots (QDs) is investigated using temperature-varying current-voltage characteristics. We found that the tunnelling emission has obvious effects on the I-V characteristics. The I-V-T measurements revealed clear effects of QDs on the overall current flow. Field emission (FE, pure tunnelling effect) was observed at low temperature and low voltages bias region. The zero-bias barrier height decreases and the ideality factor increases with decreasing temperature, and the ideality factor was found to follow the T₀-effect. When the reverse bias is varied, the ideality factors of Schottky barriers exhibit oscillations due to the tunnelling of electrons through discrete levels in quantum dots. The traps distributed within InAlAs layer can also act as a transition step for reverse bias defect-assisted tunnelling current which can phenomenologically explain the decrease of the effective barrier height with measurement temperature.