利用脉冲激光沉积外延制备CsSnBr3/Si异质结高性能光电探测器

钙钛矿半导体具有光吸收系数高、载流子扩散长度大和荧光量子效率高等优异物理特性,已在光电探测器、太阳能电池等领域展现出重要的应用潜力.但卤化铅钙钛矿的环境毒性和稳定性大大限制了该类器件的应用范围.因此,寻找低毒、稳定的非铅钙钛矿半导体尤为重要.利用锡元素替代铅元素并生长高质量的锡基钙钛矿薄膜是实现其光电器件应用的可行方案.本文采用脉冲激光沉积方法,在N型单晶硅(100)衬底上外延生长了一层(100)取向的CsSnBr₃钙钛矿薄膜.霍尔效应及电学测试结果表明,基于CsSnBr₃/Si半导体异质结在暗态下具有明显的异质PN结电流整流特征,在光照下具有显著的光响应行为,并具有可自驱动、高开关比(10⁴)以及毫秒量级响应/恢复时间等优良光电探测器件性能.本文研究结果表明利用脉冲激光沉积方法在制备新型钙钛矿薄膜异质结、实现快速灵敏的光电探测方面具有重要应用前景.     

n-Ga2O3/p-GaAs异质结日盲紫外探测器制备

采用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)工艺在p-GaAs(100)衬底上外延了Ga₂O₃薄膜并制备了n-Ga₂O₃/p-GaAs异质结日盲紫外探测器。通过X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜等方法对Ga₂O₃薄膜表面形貌、晶体质量进行了测试与分析。结果表明,Ga₂O₃薄膜呈单一晶向,薄膜表面平整且为Volmer-Weber模式外延。测试表明,n-Ga₂O₃/p-GaAs异质结探测器具有明显的整流特性。器件在5 V反向偏压和紫外光(254 nm)照射下实现了超过3.0×10⁴的光暗电流比、7.0 A/W的响应度、3412%的外量子效率、4.6×10¹³ Jones的探测率。我们利用TCAD软件对器件结构进行仿真,得到了器件内的电场分布和能带结构,并分析了器件的工作原理。该异质结探测器性能较好,制造工艺简单,为Ga     

基于PdSe2/GaAs异质结的高灵敏近红外光伏型探测器的制备和图像传感的应用

本文制备了一种基于PdSe₂/GaAs异质结的高灵敏近红外光电探测器,该探测器是通过将多层PdSe₂薄膜转移到平面GaAs上制成的. 所制备的PdSe₂/GaAs异质结器件在808 nm光照下表现出明显的光伏特性,这表明近红外光电探测器可以用作自驱动器件. 进一步的器件分析表明,这种杂化异质结在零偏电压和808 nm光照下具有1.16×10⁵的高开关比. 光电探测器的响应度和比探测度分别约为171.34 mA/W和2.36×10¹¹ Jones. 而且,该器件显示出优异的稳定性和可靠的重复性. 在空气中2个月后,近红外光电探测器的光电特性几乎没有下降,这归因于PdSe₂的良好稳定性. 最后,基于PdSe₂/GaAs的异质结器件还可以用作近红外光传感器.     

CuPc/MoS2范德瓦耳斯异质结荧光特性

在众多二维材料中,过渡金属硫族化合物由于其具有独特的光电特性深受广大研究者喜爱.近年来,由二维过渡金属硫族化合物材料与有机半导体结合构建的范德瓦耳斯异质结受到极大的关注.这种异质结可以利用两者的优势对光电特性等性能进行调控,为许多基础物理和功能器件的构建提供了研究思路.本文构建了酞菁铜/二硫化钼(CuPc/MoS₂)范德瓦耳斯异质结,并对其荧光特性进行了表征和分析.与单层MoS₂相比较发现,引入有机半导体CuPc后,异质结当中发生了明显的荧光淬灭现象.通过荧光分析,该现象可以用引入CuPc后异质结中负三激子与中性激子之比增加来解释.此外,通过第一性原理计算分析发现,引入CuPc会在MoS₂的禁带中引入中间带隙态,使得CuPc与MoS₂之间产生非辐射复合,这同样会导致荧光淬灭的发生.CuPc/MoS₂异质结的荧光淬灭现象可以为同类型范德瓦耳斯异质结的光电特性调控研究提供参考和思路.     

氧化锌/金刚石薄膜异质结紫外光探测器

采用射频磁控溅射法在p型自支撑金刚石衬底上制备了高度c轴取向的n型氧化锌薄膜.研究了不同的溅射功率对氧化锌薄膜质量的影响.通过半导体特性分析系统测试了氧化锌/金刚石异质结的电流-电压特性,结果显示该异质结二极管具有良好的整流特性,开启电压约为1.6 V.在此基础上制备了结型紫外光探测器,并对其光电性能进行了研究.结果表...     

基于熔融玻璃的预沉积法生长毫米级单晶MoS2及WS2-MoS2异质结

MoS₂是一种具有优异光电性能和奇特物理性质的二维材料,在电子器件领域具有巨大的应用潜力.高效可控生长出大尺寸单晶MoS₂是该材料进入产业应用所必须克服的重大难关,而化学气相沉积技术被认为是工业化生产二维材料的最有效手段.本文介绍了一种利用磁控溅射预沉积钼源至熔融玻璃上,通过快速升温的化学气相沉积技术生长出尺寸达1 mm的单晶MoS₂的方法,并通过引入WO₃粉末生长出了二硫化钼与二硫化钨的横向异质结(WS₂-MoS₂).拉曼和荧光光谱仪测试表明所生长的样品具有较好的晶体质量.利用转移电极技术制备出了背栅器件样品并对其进行了电学测试,在室温常压下开关比可达10~5,迁移率可达4.53 cm~2/(V·s).这种低成本高质量的大尺寸材料生长方法为二维材料电子器件的大规模应用找到了出路.     

MoS2/MoTe2垂直异质结的电荷传输及其调制

二维材料异质结器件具有纳米级厚度及范德瓦耳斯接触表面,因而表现出独特的光电特性.本文构建了栅压可调的MoS₂/MoTe₂垂直异质结器件,利用开尔文探针力显微镜(KPFM)技术结合电输运测量,揭示了MoS₂/MoTe₂异质结分别在黑暗和532 nm激光照射条件下的电荷输运行为,发现随着栅压的变化异质结表现出从n-n⁺结到p-n结的反双极性特征.系统地解释了MoS₂/MoTe₂异质结的电荷输运机制,包括n-n⁺结和p-n结在正偏和反偏下条件下的电荷输运过程、随栅压变化而发生的转变的结区行为、接触势垒对电荷输运的影响、n-n⁺结和p-n结具有不同整流特征的原因、偏压对带间隧穿的重要作用及光生载流子对电学输运行为的影响等.本文所使用的方法可推广到其他二维异质结体系,为提高二维半导体器件性能及其应用提供了重要的参考和借鉴.     

基于碳纳米薄膜/砷化镓范德华异质结的高性能自驱动光电探测器研究

基于碳纳米材料/体半导体范德华(vdW)异质结的光电器件可以同时实现碳纳米材料的超高载流子迁移率以及体半导体的优异光电性能,且具有结构简单、工艺简便、易于调控界面等优点.尤其是通过调控单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)的直径/手性、费米能级等可以与体半导体形成能带匹配、具有原子级界面的新型混合维度vdW异质结.本文报道了一种基...     

应变和电场对Ga2SeTe/In2Se3异质结电子结构和光学性质的影响

异质结构的构筑与堆垛是新型二维材料物性调控及应用的有效策略.基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,本文研究了4种不同堆叠构型的新型二维Janus Ga₂SeTe/In₂Se₃范德瓦耳斯异质结的电子结构和光学性质. 4种异质结构型均为Ⅱ型能带结构的间接带隙半导体,光致电子的供体和受体材料由二维In₂Se₃的极化方向决定.光吸收度在可见光区域高达25%,有利于太阳可见光的有效利用.双轴应变可诱导直接-间接带隙转变,外加电场能有效调控异质结构带隙,使AA2叠加构型的带隙从0.195 eV单调增大到0.714 eV,AB2叠加构型的带隙从0.859 eV单调减小到0.058 eV,两种调控作用下异质结的能带始终保持Ⅱ型结构.压缩应变作用下的异质结在波长较短的可见光区域表现出更优异的光吸收能力.这些研究结果揭示了Janus Ga₂SeTe/In₂Se₃范德瓦耳斯异质结电子结构的调控机理,为新型光电器件的设计提供理论指导.     

具有光电倍增的宽光谱三相体异质结有机彩色探测器

实验研究了P3HT：PBDT-TT-F：PCBM三相体异质结活性层光谱拓宽及其材料混合度对探测器光电特性的影响以及陷阱辅助光电倍增的机理.在此基础上,获得了一个覆盖350–750 nm波长范围的彩色探测器.该探测器在-1 V低偏压下红绿蓝三基色的光响应度和外量子效率分别达到了470,381,450 mA/W和93%,89%,121%,比探测率均接近10¹² Jones,且各基色的特性参数最大平均相对偏差均小于20%,同时频率带宽分别达到了5,8,8 kHz.结果表明：在保持二相体异质结薄膜原有微观形貌下,掺入少量光谱拓宽材料可实现活性层吸收光谱的拓宽.利用能级陷阱中电子的辅助作用引入外电路空穴注入,可实现探测器光电倍增.通过调节三相材料的混合度可实现基色间探测能力的均衡性.     

极化效应对AlGaN/GaN异质结p-i-n光探测器的影响

基于等效薄层电荷近似模拟表征极化电荷的作用, 通过自洽求解Poisson-Schrödinger方程以及求解载流子连续性方程, 计算并且讨论了p-AlGaN层掺杂浓度和界面极化电荷对AlGaN/GaN异质结p-i-n紫外探测器能带结构和电场分布以及光电响应的影响. 结果表明, 极化效应与p-AlGaN层掺杂浓度相互作用对探测器性能有较大影响. 其中, 在完全极化条件下, p-AlGaN层掺杂浓度越大, p-AlGaN层的耗尽区越窄, i-GaN层越容易被耗尽, 器件光电流越小. 在一定掺杂浓度条件下, 极化效应越强, p-AlGaN层的耗尽区越宽, 器件的光电流越大. 最后还分析了该结构在不同温度下的探测性能, 证明了该结构可以在高温下正常工作.     

Ferroelectric polarization reversal tuned by magnetic field in a ferroelectric BiFeO3/Nb-doped SrTiO3 heterojunction

Interfacial resistive switching of a ferroelectric semiconductor heterojunction is highly advantageous for the newly developed ferroelectric memristors. Moreover, the interfacial state in the ferroelectric semiconductor heterojunction can be gradually modified by polarization reversal, which may give rise to continuously tunable resistive switching behavior. In this work, the interfacial state of a ferroelectric BiFeO₃/Nb-doped SrTiO₃ junction was modulated by ferroelectric polarization reversal. The dynamics of surface screening charges on the BiFeO₃ layer was also investigated by surface potential measurements, and the decay of the surface potential could be speeded up by the magnetic field. Moreover, ferroelectric polarization reversal of the BiFeO₃ layer was tuned by the magnetic field. This finding could provide a method to enhance the ferroelectric and electrical properties of ferroelectric BiFeO₃ films by tuning the magnetic field.     

高质量单层二硫化钼薄膜的研究进展

作为一种新型的二维半导体材料,单层二硫化钼薄膜由于其优异的特性,在电子学与光电子学等众多领域具有潜在的应用价值.本文综述了我们课题组在过去几年中针对单层二硫化钼薄膜的研究所取得的进展,具体包括:在二硫化钼薄膜的制备方面,通过氧辅助化学气相沉积方法,实现了大尺寸单层二硫化钼单晶的可控生长和晶圆级单层二硫化钼薄膜的高定向外延生长;在二硫化钼薄膜的加工方面,发展了单层二硫化钼薄膜的无损转移、洁净图案化加工、可控结构相变与局域相调控的方法,为场效应晶体管等电子学器件的制备与性能优化提供了基础;在二硫化钼异质结方面,研究了二硫化钼薄膜与其他二维材料形成的异质结的电学以及光电性质,为二维材料异质结的构筑和器件特性研究提供了实验参考;在二硫化钼薄膜功能化器件与应用方面,构筑了全二维材料、亚5 nm超短沟道场效应晶体管器件,验证了单层二硫化钼对短沟道效应的有效抑制及其在5 nm工艺节点器件中的应用优势;此外,利用制备的高质量单层二硫化钼和发展的器件洁净加工技术,实现了高性能柔性薄膜晶体管的集成,获得了超高灵敏度与稳定性的非接触型湿度传感器.我们在二硫化钼薄膜的制备、加工以及器件特性研究方面所取得的进展对于二硫化钼及其他二维过渡金属硫属化合物的基础和应用研究均具有指导意义.     

Enhanced photogalvanic effect in the two-dimensional MgCl2/ZnBr2 vertical heterojunction by inhomogenous tensile stress

The photogalvanic effect (PGE) occurring in noncentrosymmetric materials enables the generation of a dc photocurrent at zero bias with a high polarization sensitivity, which makes it very attractive in photodetection. However, the magnitude of the PGE photocurrent is usually small, leading to a low photoresponsivity, and therefore hampers its practical application in photodetection. Here, we propose an approach to largely enhancing the PGE photocurrent by applying an inhomogenous mechanical stretch, based on quantum transport simulations. We model a two-dimensional photodetector consisting of the wide-bandgap MgCl₂/ZnBr₂ vertical van der Waals heterojunction with the noncentrosymmetric C_3v symmetry. Polarization-sensitive PGE photocurrent is generated under the vertical illumination of linearly polarized light. By applying inhomogenous mechanical stretch on the lattice, the photocurrent can be largely increased by up to 3 orders of magnitude due to the significantly increased device asymmetry. Our results propose an effective way to enhance the PGE by inhomogenous mechanical strain, showing the potential of the MgCl₂/ZnBr₂ vertical heterojunction in the low-power UV photodetection.     

High-performance self-powered photodetector based on organic/inorganic hybrid van der Waals heterojunction of rubrene/silicon

Organic/inorganic hybrid van der Waals heterostructure with an atomically abrupt interface has attracted great research interests within the field of multifunctional electronic and optoelectronic devices. The integration of organic rubrene films with inorganic Si semiconductors can avoid the atomic mutual-diffusion at the interface, and provide the possibility of forming two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction accompanied with the type-II energy band alignment, due to the transfer behaviors of majority carriers at the interface. In this study, the high-quality rubrene/Si van der Waals heterostructure with an electronically abrupt junction was prepared, and a self-powered photodetector was then constructed based on this hybrid heterojunction. The photodetector demonstrated an excellent switching response to the 1064 nm monochromatic light with large on/off current ratio of 7.0×10~3, the maximum photocurrent of 14.62 m A, the maximum responsivity of 2.07 A/W, the maximum detectivity of 2.9×10~(11) Jones, and a fast response time of 13.0 μs. This study offers important guidance for preparing high-quality rubrene/Si hybrid van der Waals heterostructure with desirable band alignment, and the designed heterojunction photodetector has an important application prospect in the field of multifunctional optoelectronics.     

Influence of interface modification on the performance of polymer/Bi2S3 nanorods bulk heterojunction solar cells

In this paper, bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on the poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV):Bi₂S₃ nanorods hybrid material were present. To optimize the performance of the devices, the interface modification of the hybrid material that has a significant impact on the exciton dissociation efficiency was studied. An improvement in the device performance was achieved by modifying the Bi₂S₃ surface with a thin dye layer. Moreover, modifying the Bi₂S₃ surface with anthracene-9-carboxylic acid can enhance the performance further. Compared with the solar cells with Bi₂S₃ nanorods hybrid with the MDMO-PPV as the active layer, the anthracene-9-carboxylic acid modified devices are better in performance, with the power conversion efficiency higher by about one order in magnitude.     

Adsorption of Cs and O2 on MoS2

Adsorption of Cs on basal planes of MoS₂ has been studied with LEED, Auger and work function measurements. LEED observations show that in the 200–300 K range Cs is adsorbed as amorphous layers on MoS₂. Correlation of Auger and work function measurements indicates that the work function, sticking coefficient and the maximum density of Cs that can be deposited on the MoS₂ surface depend strongly on substrate temperature. Cesium is deposited on MoS₂ in two adsorption states. Although MoS₂ is extremely inert to O₂ adsorption, the presence of Cs causes a drastic increase in the adsorption of oxygen which in turn increases the amount of Cs that can be deposited on the surface. Lastly, it has been found that part of the Cs adatoms are diffused into the bulk of MoS₂.     

Graphene versus MoS2: A short review

Graphene and MoS₂ are two well-known quasi two-dimensional materials. This review presents a comparative survey of the complementary lattice dynamical and mechanical properties of graphene and MoS₂, which facilitates the study of graphene/MoS₂ heterostructures. These hybrid heterostructures are expected to mitigate the negative properties of each individual constituent and have attracted intense academic and industrial research interest.     

基于垂直晶体管结构的低电压并五苯光电探测器

并五苯(Pentacene)具有优良的场效应晶体管特性及在可见光区的高吸收系数, 被广泛应用于光敏(电)晶体管中. 垂直晶体管的沟道长度可做到纳米量级, 能有效提高器件的性能和工作频率, 同时降低能耗. 本文制备了一种基于垂直晶体管结构的低电压并五苯光电探测器ITO(S)/Pentacene/Al(G)/Pentacene/Au(D). 实验发现, 在工作电压低至-3 V时, 并五苯光电探测器ITO/Pentacene (80 nm)/Al(15 nm)/ Pentacene(80 nm)/Au 的阈值电压为-0.9 V, “开/关”电流比为10⁴, 表现出了良好的P型晶体管特性以及低电压调控性能. 在350-750 nm的不同波长单色光照射下, 器件的“明/暗”电流比和响应度随入射波长而变化; 在350 nm单色光照射下, 该光电探测器的“明/暗”电流比的最大值达到308, 其对应的响应度为219 mA·W^-1, 大于标准硅基探测器在350 nm 单色光照射下的探测率. 这为制备低电压下工作的高灵敏度全有机光电探测器提供了一种可行的方法.