树脂交换法制备白炭黑溶胶

用白炭黑溶胶作造纸工业的添加剂,可以改进纸的滞留性和脱水性,将带有阴离子的白炭黑溶胶与一些阳离子聚合物一起使用,效果更佳。在造纸工业中添加的白炭黑溶胶粒径应在4～7nm,比表面为700～300m^2／g,稳定性好,传统方法制备的白炭黑溶胶难于达到此要求。本文对用树脂交换法制备白炭黑溶胶的条件、影响因素、最佳工艺进行了探讨。     

多项环保政策密集出台 我国环境监测行业前景利好

正不久前,有关环境检测行业的政策密集出台,先是我国环境保护部发布了《排污单位自行监测技术指南总则》、《排污单位自行监测技术指南火力发电及锅炉》以及《排污单位习性监测技术指南造纸工业》,再是中央深改组会议审议通过了关于《建立资源环境承载能力监测预警长效机制的若干意见》、《关于深化环境监测改革提高环境监测数据质量的意见》等政策性文件。     

基于二氧化锆和碳纳米管协同作用的过氧化氢生物传感器

过氧化氢作为一种重要的化工产品在纺织行业、化工行业、造纸工业、环保行业、电子行业、食品卫生行业及其他领域得到广泛的应用~([1]).     

利用酸法造纸工业废液研究作为化学灌浆材料(实验室部分)

亚硫酸盐造纸工业废水是环境污染的主要污染源之一,对这种废水的利用和处理,是一个迫待解决的问题。研究利用废液作为化学灌浆材料,是化害为利的一种途径。目前,国内外曾研究以这种废液作为翻砂、型砂、焦炭碎及工业煤球的粘结剂,水泥塑化剂、皮革鞣剂和香精原料等。可是现在除了粘结剂、香兰素等取得一些利用外,仍有大量废液尚待处理和利用。如从我省对酸法造纸工业废水的利用来说,也仅用了约15％。     

新型远红外辐射材料及其制备

远红外辐射材料不仅可用于汽车、拖拉机、自行车、缝纫机等制造工业的油漆烘烤,而且也可用于木材、纺织、皮革、粮食、食品、造纸工业等烘干,可节约大量电能,有着广泛的用途。     

低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的合成

低分子量聚丙烯酸及其钠盐广泛应用于造纸工业 ,随着高浓度涂布机的引进和铜板纸生产的发展 ,对分散剂的要求越来越大 ,因低分子量聚丙烯酸钠具有提高颜料的细度、分散体系的稳定性 ,提高纸张的柔软性、强度、光泽、白度等优点 ,所以低分子量丙烯酸在造纸工业上越来越受到重视。低分子量聚丙烯酸钠可用不同的方法合成[1,2 ] ,但都是在比较高的温度进行 ,并且要蒸馏回收大量的链转移剂 ,操作费时、耗能。本实验在较低温度下以氧化 还原催化剂直接合成了低分子量聚丙烯酸钠 ,经造纸厂实际应用试验证明 ,该分散剂可单独或与无机磷酸盐分散剂复…     

污水中氯酚的测定

氯酚存在于化工和造纸工业废水中,因其恶臭、异味和高度毒性,危害环境,被美国EPA列为114种主要有机污染物之一。国外采用空心柱气相色谱法测定污水中氯酚,国内仅见饮水中氯酚的测定的有关     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定水溶性木质素磺酸盐的分子量

木质素磺酸盐是以木材为原料酸法制浆造纸工业的副产物,广泛用作分散剂、粘合剂等。由于它是以苯丙烷为结构单元的水溶性高分子化合物,其分子量的测定有Sephadex凝胶法和用BioGel P、TSK PW、Waters Ⅰ系列、Waters μPorasil等柱     

环境保护部发布11项国家污染物排放标准的公告

不久前,为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》和《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》,防治污染,保护和改善生态环境,保障人体健康,环境保护部批准了《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》等11项标准为国家污染物排放标准,并与国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布了本标准。     

纤维素中钛的分光光度测定法

研究用分光光度法测定纤维素中钛含量的最佳条件。本法不用高温燃烧炉灰化样品,而用浓硫酸水解样品,测定结果重复性良好,准确度高,测定误差为±0.03％。实验结果表明,此方法可用于化纤和造纸工业中钛含量的测定。     

CO2 laser photoacoustic detection of ammonia emitted by ceramic industries

A homemade photoacoustic spectrometer has been constructed for monitoring gas emission from several sources. Numerous air pollutant gases are emitted exhaust of industries, vehicles and power plants. The photoacoustic technique is extremely sensitive and selective in detecting various gases. This work focuses on the gas emitted by the ceramic industry in northern Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil, the ceramic industry plays a remarkable role in the economy activity of this region, in recent years, this region developed into a significant red ceramic complex. The potential impact on the atmospheric environment of the region due to gaseous pollutant emissions from these anthropogenic sources needs to be evaluated. In this work we identified NH3 present in the samples collected in the kiln of a ceramic plant, in the concentration range of 33-52 ppmV. The ammonia gas present in our collected samples might come from the excess nitrogen in the manure soil from where the ceramic material was extracted. This soil was used for the sugarcane culture which is another important economic activity of this region.     

Assessment of occupational exposure and contamination

In order to assess the elemental concentration level in a galvanizing industry and alert for the need to assess the outcome of a long-term exposure, scalp hair and toenail samples were used as bioindicators and the industry environment was evaluated through airborne particulate matter. The elemental concentration results have pointed out a high exposure to pollutant at workplaces and a high elemental concentration in biomonitors suggesting endogenous contamination. The majority of the elements determined in airborne particulate matter were also determined in hair and toenail samples. The results evidence the efficiency of these matrixes as biomonitors and the importance to carry out the airborne particulate matter sampling in parallel to these biomonitors mainly in occupational epidemiological studies.     

氯气脱除技术研究进展

氯气(Cl₂)是一种对人体健康和大气环境有严重威胁的高毒性污染物,广泛存在氯碱工业的生产过程中,是含氯尾气的主要成分。含氯尾气的高效清洁脱除已成为研究重点与难点。吸附法和吸收法脱氯技术是目前主要的研究方向。本文以Cl₂的高效率脱除为目标、经济性脱除为理念、绿色化脱除为方向,综述了吸附法和吸收法技术的脱氯效果、机理和优缺点,并针对吸附法脱氯效率不足、吸附剂损耗大和吸收法操作条件繁琐、二次污染风险高等问题提出研究与发展方向。     

Removal of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide from synthetic liquid wastes of electronic industry through micellar enhanced ultrafiltration

In this paper, the separation of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) from synthetic liquid wastes of electronic industry is carried out by using a micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process. This treatment represents the first step of an integrated process, aimed at the recovery of TMAH and surfactant and water reuse. The laboratory tests are carried out with an ultrafiltration module using initial solutions having a concentration of pollutant equal to 2?g/L and by adding sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant, at a concentration in the range 4–10?mM/L, that is, under and above its critical micellar concentration (CMC). The experiments have been carried out at a fixed temperature of 25°C. The obtained results showed that very good percentage removals of TMAH are achieved (99%), especially when the surfactant was above the CMC.     

Nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of pollutants in water: A review

The survival of living beings, including humanity, depends on a continuous supply of clean water. However, due to the development of industry, agriculture, and population growth, an increasing number of wastewaters is discarded, and the negative effects of such actions are clear. The first step in solving this situation is the collection and monitoring of pollutants in water bodies to subsequently facilitate their treatment. Nonetheless, traditional sensing techniques are typically laboratory-based, leading to potential diminishment in analysis quality. In this paper, the most recent developments in micro- and nano-electrochemical devices for pollutant detection in wastewater are reviewed. The devices reviewed are based on a variety of electrodes and the sensing of three different categories of pollutants: nutrients and phenolic compounds, heavy metals, and organic matter. From these electrodes, Cu, Co, and Bi showed promise as versatile materials to detect a grand variety of contaminants. Also, the most commonly used material is glassy carbon, present in the detection of all reviewed analytes.     

Magnetic field assisted Fenton reactions for the enhanced degradation of methyl blue

Magnetic field was tentatively introduced into Fenton reactions system for the degradation and discoloration of methyl blue as the represent of organic chemical dye,which was a bio-refractory organic pollutant in industry wastewater.It was found that under optimal Fenton reaction conditions,with the assistant of magnetic field in Fenton reactions,the degradation rate of methyl blue,the decomposition rate of H_2O_2 and the conversion rate of Fe~(2+)were accelerated,the extent of them would be improved by ...     

Use of novel cardanol-porphyrin hybrids and their TiO₂-based composites for the photodegradation of 4-nitrophenol in water

Cardanol, a well known hazardous byproduct of the cashew industry, has been used as starting material for the synthesis of useful differently substituted "cardanol-based" porphyrins and their zinc(II), copper(II), cobalt(II) and Fe(III) complexes. Novel composites prepared by impregnation of polycrystalline TiO? powder with an opportune amount of "cardanol-based" porphyrins, which act as sensitizers for the improvement of the photo-catalytic activity of the bare TiO?, have been used in the photodegradation in water of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), which is a toxic and bio-refractory pollutant, dangerous for ecosystems and human health.     

A mini-review of the electro-peroxone technology for wastewaters:Characteristics,mechanism and prospect

The electro-peroxone technology, a novel type of advanced oxidation technology, is widely used in wastewater treatment. Herein, this paper reviews the advantages and problems of the electro-peroxone technology compared with electrochemical oxidation technology, ozonation technology, and traditional peroxone technology. Due to the high kinetics of pollutant degradation, the electro-peroxone process can reduce the reaction time and energy consumption of pollutant treatment in wastewater. The elect...     

化学发光分析方法在大气环境监测中的应用与进展

本文评述了近年来国内外化学发光分析在大气环境检测中的应用与进展，内容包括无机气体和有机气体污染物，单一组分和多种组分同时检测。引用文献50篇。     

Cationic Surfactants as Regulators in Paper Separation of 2‐Nitrophenol and 2,4,6‐Trinitrophenol in Water

The chemical pollutants 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP) and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (2,4,6‐TNP) were studied for their separation from water by the paper capillary permeation adsorption technique by the use of the four cationic surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as regulators. The effect of pH and the concentration of surfactant on the separatability have been investigated. A nearly 100% separatability was obtained for each pollutant at its optimum pH and surfactant concentration. It was shown that the separation was accomplished via surface adsorption onto the fibers of paper. The change in separatability at basic pH 11 with surfactant variety was analyzed. The result shows that the surfactant with a longer chain alkyl group is more effective for the separation of 2‐NP and the surfactants with 16 carbons in the long chain alkyl group are most effective. The surfactants with 12 carbons or more in the long alkyl group but containing no aromatic group such as pyridyl group are equally effective for accomplishing an efficient separation of 2,4,6‐TNP. Selective separation of 2‐NP from an admixture of 2‐NP plus 2,4,6‐TNP was attempted. The optimum surfactant for each pollutant was tested with seawater for removing the pollutant. The goal of this study is to search for an optimum cationic surfactant and optimum separation conditions for nitrophenols.