The Lu Lu-semigroup for Envelopes Of Functions

In the theory of non-linear smoothers a semigroup of operators has been established, that structures the rank based selectors in a lattice for the purpose of comparison and analysis. The well known upper and lower envelopes of functions can be associated with a pair of operators L and U that allow a similar structure to be defined. The monoid of operators that are compositions of these is established, and the inequalities needed for partially ordering are proved. Some interpretations, analogies and uses are discussed.     

The Category of Directed Systems in a Category

We present two related categorical constructions. Given a category C, we construct a category C^[d], the category of directed systems in C. C embeds into C^[d], and if C has enough colimits, then C is monadic over C^[d]. Also, if E,M is a factorization structure for C, then C^[d] has a related factorization structure E_d M_d such that if E consists entirely of monic arrows, then so does E_d and the E_d-quotient poset of an object A is naturally the poset of directed downsets of the E-quotient poset of A. Similarly, if M consists entirely of monicarrows, then so does M_d and the M_d-subobject poset of an object A is naturally the poset of directed downsets of the M-subobject poset. C^[d] has completeness and cocompleteness properties at least as good as those of C, and it is abelian if C is. Dualization gives the other construction: a category C^[i], the category of inverse systems in C, into which C also embeds and which satisfies similar properties, except that directed downsets in the E-quotient and M-subobject posets are replaced by directed upsets.     

An Elementary Remark On The Accuracy Of Approximations By Regular Continued Fractions

“Continued fractions are the ‘lost sons’ of mathematical classroom teaching. They are re-garded as too advanced for secondary schools and too elementary for universities, as a result of which they generally fall between the cracks of both syllabuses.” Petr Beckmann, 1982     

拟Abelian范畴上函子范畴的局部化

通过拟Abelian范畴的局部类构造出函子范畴的局部类,进一步研究函子范畴的局部化范畴与局部化范畴的函子范畴之间的关系.     

左三角范畴的局部化

本文通过左挠对给出左三角范畴的局部化,证明了左三角范畴的局部化范畴仍然是左三角范畴,并证明了左三角范畴的正合列通过稳定化函子可以导出三角范畴正合列.     

The Category of Lattices over a Lattice-Finite Ring

It is well-known that for a lattice-finite order Λ over a complete discrete valuation domain, the radical of Λ-lat (the category of Λ-lattices) is nilpotent modulo projectives. Iyama has shown that this property merely depends on the combinatorial data given by the Auslander–Reiten quiver of Λ. Moreover, he established a criterion for a finite (symmetrizable) translation quiver Q to be the Auslander–Reiten quivers of an order Λ. We improve his characterization by showing that the remaining conditions on Q can be replaced by the existence of an additive function on the vertices of Q (Theorem 4). Our proof rests on a functorial theory of ladders, expressing the Auslander–Reiten structure of Λ-lat by means of an adjoint pair of functors L⊣L⁻ in the homotopy category of two-termed complexes over Λ-lat. Presented by I. Reiten Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) Primary: 16G70, 16G30; secondary: 16G60.     

The Intrinsic Fundamental Group of a Linear Category

We provide an intrinsic definition of the fundamental group of a linear category over a ring as the automorphism group of the fibre functor on Galois coverings. If the universal covering exists, we prove that this group is isomorphic to the Galois group of the universal covering. The grading deduced from a Galois covering enables us to describe the canonical monomorphism from its automorphism group to the first Hochschild-Mitchell cohomology vector space.     

The Fibre of a Pinch Map in a Model Category

In the category of pointed topological spaces, let F be the homotopy fibre of the pinching map X?∪?CA?→?X?∪?CA?/?X from the mapping cone on a cofibration A?→?X onto the suspension of A. Gray (Proc Lond Math Soc (3) 26:497–520, 1973) proved that F is weakly homotopy equivalent to the reduced product (X, A)_∞. In this paper we prove an analogue of this phenomenon in a model category, under suitable conditions including a cube axiom.     

The Category of Ladders

In the first part of this paper we introduce the category of ladders and develop the underlying theory. A ladder consists of a sequence of vector spaces (V _n ) and linear operators ${(A^+_n), (A^-_n)}$ acting between these vector spaces in ascending and descending direction. Unlike as in classical quantum mechanics ladders are defined as objects of a category, the corresponding notion of ladder homomorphisms allows to perform a mathematically structural and rigorous analysis of ladder theory. We allow dependence on n for spaces and operators in the ladder. The job in ladder theory is to find SIE-subladders, on which the Intrinsic Endomorphisms ${A^-_n A^+_n}$ and ${A^+_n A^-_n}$ act as Scalars α _n . A fundamental ladder theorem will provide conditions on the (generalized) commutators or anticommutators assuring the existence of SIE-subladders. The second part contains examples of ladders from classical quantum mechanics, such as the Heisenberg ladder, the Dirac ladder the ladder for the Lie algebra ${{\bf sl}(2,\mathbb{C})}$ . Whereas these classical examples are distinguished by constance of operators and spaces, we then show how the generalized ladder theory allows to handle deformations: h-discretization, q-discretization and “periodization”. Other examples come from orthogonal polynomials. The Legendre, Laguerre and Bessel ladder are presented. Ladder theory allows a certain “anticommutator factorization” of the relevant second order differential operators. In a final section we apply ladder theory to ladders that are at the same time complexes. This enables us to give a transparent structural proof of Hodge’s theorem. The idea of ladder operators and factorization is well-known in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. The book of Shi-Hai Dong (Factorization method in quantum mechanics, Springer, Dordrecht, 2007) contains a good survey of applications in physics, it provides historical background and links to sources in the physics literature. Note that our approach is independent—not only with respect to notation—of that in Shi-Hai Dong (Factorization method in quantum mechanics, Springer, Dordrecht, 2007).     

S-定向完备偏序集范畴

给出定向完备偏序半群的定义,研究定向完备偏序半群在定向完备偏序集上的作用.探讨S-定向完备偏序集范畴的一些基本性质,并且证明以S-定向完备偏序集为对象,以S-Scott连续映射为态射的范畴是笛卡尔闭范畴.     

The Category of S-Posets

In this paper, we consider some category-theoretic properties of the category Pos-S of all S-posets (posets equipped with a compatible right action of a pomonoid S), with monotone action-preserving maps between them. We first discuss some general category-theoretic ingredients of Pos-S; specifically, we characterize several kinds of epimorphisms and monomorphisms. Then, we present some adjoint relations of Pos-S with Pos, Set, and Act-S. In particular, we discuss free and cofree objects. We also examine other category-theoretic properties, such as cartesian closedness and monadicity. Finally, we consider projectivity in Pos-S with respect to regular epimorphisms and show that it is the same asprojectivity, although projectives are not generally retracts of free objects over posets.     

The Ziegler Spectrum of a Locally Coherent Grothendieck Category

The general theory of locally coherent Grothendieck categoriesis presented. To each locally coherent Grothendieck categoryC a topological space, the Ziegler spectrum of C, is associated.It is proved that the open subsets of the Ziegler spectrum ofC are in bijective correspondence with the Serre subcategoriesof coh C the subcategory of coherent objects of C. This is aNullstellensatz for locally coherent Grothendieck categories.If R is a ring, there is a canonical locally coherent Grothendieckcategory RC (respectively, CR) used for the study of left (respectively,right) R-modules. This category contains the category of R-modulesand its Ziegler spectrum is quasi-compact, a property used toconstruct large (not finitely generated) indecomposable modulesover an artin algebra. Two kinds of examples of locally coherentGrothendieck categories are given: the abstract category theoreticexamples arising from torsion and localization and the examplesthat arise from particular modules over the ring R. The dualitybetween coh-(RC) and coh-CR is shown to give an isomorphismbetween the topologies of the left and right Ziegler spectraof a ring R. The Nullstellensatz is used to give a proof ofthe result of Crawley-Boevey that every character : K₀(coh-C) Z is uniquely expressible as a Z-linear combination of irreduciblecharacters. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16D90,18E15.     

The Eilenberg-Moore Category and a Beck-type Theorem for a Morita Context

The Eilenberg-Moore constructions and a Beck-type theorem for pairs of monads are described. More specifically, a notion of a Morita context comprising of two monads, two bialgebra functors and two connecting maps is introduced. It is shown that in many cases equivalences between categories of algebras are induced by such Morita contexts. The Eilenberg-Moore category of representations of a Morita context is constructed. This construction allows one to associate two pairs of adjoint functors with right adjoint functors having a common domain or a double adjunction to a Morita context. It is shown that, conversely, every Morita context arises from a double adjunction. The comparison functor between the domain of right adjoint functors in a double adjunction and the Eilenberg-Moore category of the associated Morita context is defined. The sufficient and necessary conditions for this comparison functor to be an equivalence (or for the moritability of a pair of functors with a common domain) are derived.     

Making the Category of Doi-Hopf Modules into a Braided Monoidal Category

We investigate how the category of Doi-Hopf modules can be made into a monoidal category. It suffices that the algebra and coalgebra in question are both bialgebras with some extra compatibility relation. We study tensor identies for monoidal categories of Doi-Hopf modules. Finally, we construct braidings on a monoidal category of Doi-Hopf modules. Our construction unifies quasitriangular and coquasitriangular Hopf algebras, and Yetter-Drinfel'd modules.     

Gorenstein AC亏范畴*

作者定义了Gorenstein AC导出范畴 D^b_gac(R)并且和导出范畴作了一些比较.作者定义了Gorenstein AC奇点范畴 D^b_gacsg(R),在这个范畴中具有有限Gorenstein AC- 投射维数的模都是零对象.同时, 作者给出了由Gorenstein AC- 投射模构成的稳定范畴到奇点范畴的三角嵌入 F : GAC → D^b_sg(R) .通过作函子 F 的商引入Gorenstein AC亏范畴 D^b_gacd(R),并且给出三角等价 D^b_gacd(R) = D^b_gacsg(R)     

Category with a natural cone

Generally, in homotopy theory a cylinder object (or, its dual, a path object) is used to define homotopy between morphisms, and a cone object is used to build exact sequences of homotopy groups. Here, an axiomatic theory based on a cone functor is given. Suspension objects are associated to based objects and cofibrations, obtaining homotopy groups referred to an object and relative to a cofibration, respectively. Exact sequences of these groups are built. Algebraic and particular examples are given. We point out that the main results of this paper were already stated in [3], and the purpose of this article is to give full details of the foregoing.     

Quantic格范畴

系统研究了Quantic格范畴。证明了Quantic格范畴有等子、余等子。给出了Quantic格范畴中的极限和逆极限结构,从而说明了Quantic格范畴是完备范畴。     

Quantum frame范畴

给出有关quantum frame的一些基本概念,证明quantum frame关于同余关系的商集为quantum frame,讨论quantum frame的若干范畴性质。