基于增益诱导光纤激光器的实验研究及理论分析

利用非线性偏振旋转技术,实现了正色散掺铒光纤激光器的自启动锁模,产生了一种新型的增益诱导孤子脉冲输出.该类型脉冲的光谱近似为矩形,半高全宽光谱宽度可达19 nm以上,脉宽为皮秒量级.增益诱导孤子脉冲的形成是增益饱和、光谱滤波效应、腔内色散和各种非线性效应共同作用的结果.同时还分析了脉冲啁啾特性及峰值功率等参数.当抽运功率增加时,该激光器还可以实现双脉冲模式下运转. 关键词： 光纤激光器 增益诱导孤子 啁啾     

Passive mode-locking upon limitation of the spectral width of a laser emission

An analysis is presented of passive locking of modes in lasers with an additional intracavity element that limits the spectral width of a laser emission due to frequency dispersion of an order higher than quadratic. It is found that spectral limitation of this type may give rise to a multiple-pulse regime of passive mode-locking. The laser mode of operation established after a transient process, in this case, appears to be multistable, with the number of pulses per axial period being dependent on the initial conditions of the lasing. It is shown that the dependence of the number of pulses on the pump power is of hysteretic character. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out using an equation close to the Ginzburg-Landau equation. Specifically, the nonlinear losses and nonlinear refractive index are supposed to be inertia-less and proportional to the light intensity; the frequency dispersion of the gain and the refractive index are approximated by a quadratic dependence; and the frequency-dependent losses related to the additional spectral limitation of the laser emission are determined by fourth-order frequency dispersion. The possibility of using the characteristic features of mode-locking predicted for control of regimes of formation and propagation of ultrashort light pulses is discussed.     

Direct generation of 128-fs Gaussian pulses from a compensation-free fiber laser using dual mode-locking mechanisms

We have experimentally demonstrated the direct generation of 128-fs pulses in an all-anomalous-dispersion all-fiber mode-locked laser. The laser is free of dispersion compensation in the cavity based on standard single mode fiber (SMF). The time-bandwidth product is 0.536. The laser is achieved by using two mode-lockers, one is nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR), and the other is nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. The coexistence of dual mode-locking mechanisms can decrease the cavity length to 12-m, and also results in producing high-quality pulses with a Gaussian shape both on the pulse profile and spectrum, but without Kelly sidebands.     

Mechanism of pulse shaping in femtosecond lasers based on the high-order soliton

The mechanism of pulse shaping in Kerr-lens mode-locking Ti : sapphire lasers is investigated. Considering the balanced interaction between self-phase modulation, introduced by Kerr effect in Ti : sapphire, and group-velocity dispersion provided by prism-pair, pulse-splitting reflected in the intensity autocorrelation trace and pulse-compression display that the pulses outputting from different positions in laser cavity have different durations. We have concluded that the solitonlike pulse shaping that results from the competition between intracavity self-phase modulation within the Ti : S and negative group-velocity dispersion play dominant role in pulse evolution in Kerr-lens mode-locking lasers.     

氧化石墨烯被动锁模掺镱光纤激光器多脉冲现象的实验研究

利用氧化石墨烯作为可饱和吸收体,在被动锁模全正常色散掺镱光纤激光器中研究了多脉冲的现象,在同一抽运功率不同偏振态下,实验获得了矩形脉冲谐波锁模、耗散孤子谐波锁模、准谐波锁模,脉冲峰值周期性调制,脉冲簇、脉冲束、混沌多重脉冲的多脉冲现象,插入激光腔内的2nm窄带滤波器具有限制增益带宽、对脉冲塑形、诱导多脉冲产生的作用,调节偏振控制器相当于改变腔内增益,是实现不同类型多脉冲现象的主要原因,本实验研究有利于加深对多脉冲动力学行为在正常色散区域氧化石墨烯锁模掺镱光纤激光器中的理解。     

CW and self-mode-locking performance of a red pumped Cr: LiSr0.8Ca0.2AlF6 laser

Reported is cw lasing and sub-100 femtosecond pulse generation in end-pumped Cr³⁺: LiSr_0.8Ca_0.2AlF₆, a congruently melting compound intermediate between Cr³⁺: LiSrAlF₆ and Cr³⁺: LiCaAlF₆. Using a dispersion compensated cavity with no active or passive mode-locking elements in the cavity, self-sustained stable modelocked pulses of 90 fs duration at 140 MHz repetition frequency were initiated by rocking of the output coupler.     

高能量掺Yb偏振型大模场面积光子晶体光纤孤子锁模飞秒激光器

实验研究了基于掺Yb偏振型大模场面积光子晶体光纤的孤子锁模激光器,获得了高脉冲能量的飞秒激光输出. 激光器基于线形腔结构,利用光栅对补偿腔内色散,并通过半导体可饱和吸收镜实现锁模的自启动. 实验中从振荡级直接获得了平均功率为700mW, 重复频率为47.3MHz(对应于14.8 nJ的单脉冲能量),脉冲宽度为518 fs的稳定锁模脉冲输出. 与普通孤子锁模飞秒光纤激光器相比,输出的单脉冲能量提高了两个数量级. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 飞秒 光纤激光器 孤子锁模     

C. 超短激光光源

本文对超短激光脉冲的产生、压缩技术的最新发展做了详细评述。     

303MHz高重复频率掺Er光纤飞秒激光器

高重复频率掺Er光纤飞秒激光器在光学频率梳、超高速光学采样等领域具有很重要的作用. 本文采用非线性偏振旋转锁模机理, 在掺Er光纤飞秒激光器中实现了重复频率为303 MHz的锁模脉冲输出. 通过优化腔内色散, 激光器腔内色散在零色散附近偏负值, 锁模后工作在展宽脉冲锁模状态. 在817 mW抽运功率下, 激光器在连续光状态下可以输出125 mW的平均功率, 在锁模状态下可以输出69 mW的平均功率, 脉冲宽度为90 fs. 当抽运功率处于700-817 mW时, 激光器可以实现自启动锁模. 激光器重复频率在5 h内的漂移量为30 Hz.     

基于非线性偏振旋转锁模的高功率光子晶体光纤飞秒激光振荡器

为了探索大模场面积光子晶体光纤锁模激光器在全正色散锁模域内的耗散孤子锁模机理, 以获得更大的单脉冲能量和更高的峰值功率, 本文搭建了以掺镱大模场面积光子晶体光纤作为增益介质的耗散孤子锁模激光器. 激光器使用环形腔结构, 利用非线性偏振旋转以及滤光片提供的耗散作用实现了稳定的锁模运转. 实验中, 从激光器振荡级直接获得了平均功率10 W, 重复频率49.09 MHz(对应202 nJ的单脉冲能量), 脉冲宽度为1.03 ps的稳定锁模脉冲输出, 经过腔外色散补偿得到的脉冲宽度为95.5 fs.     

Passive mode-locking by use of waveguide arrays

A novel mode-locking technique is presented in which the intensity-dependent spatial coupling dynamics of a waveguide array is used to achieve temporal mode-locking in a passive optical fiber laser. By use of the discrete, nearest-neighbor spatial coupling of the waveguide array, low-intensity light can be transferred to the neighboring waveguides and ejected (attenuated) from the laser cavity. In contrast, higher-intensity light is self-focused in the waveguide and remains largely unaffected. Numerical studies of this pulse shaping mechanism (intensity discrimination) show that using current waveguide arrays and standard optical fiber technology produces stable and robust mode-locked soliton-like pulses.     

High energy giant chirped passively mode-locked Yb3+-doped fiber laser with nanoseconds to picoseconds pulses

We report an all normal dispersion low repetition rate high energy passive mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser with output pulses duration ranging from nanoseconds to picoseconds. The mode-locking mechanism of the laser is based on nonlinear polarization evolution and strong pulses shaping with a cascade long-period fiber grating bandpass filtering in highly chirped pulses. The laser generates highly stable pulses duration from 2.62 ns to 315 ps with a maximum pulse energy of 49.5 nJ and 2.5435 MHz repetition rate.     

Generation of 207-femtosecond pulses from a ytterbium figure-of-eight fibre laser

We report the generation of 207-fs pulses with 1.2mW average power at 1036nm directly from a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fibre laser with a nonlinear optical loop mirror for mode-locking and pairs of diffraction gratings for intracavity dispersion compensation. These results imply a 4-fold reduction in pulse duration over previously reported figure-of-eight cavity passively mode-locked Yb-doped fibre lasers. Stable pulse trains are produced at the fundamental repetition rate of the resonator, 24.0MHz. On the other hand, this laser offers a cleaner spectrum and greater stability and is completely self-starting.     

利用被动锁模技术实现超短脉冲激光输出实验

基于被动锁模技术,设计了结构紧凑的Z型谐振腔,采用半导体可饱和吸收镜作为被动锁模元件,利用激光二极管泵浦增益线宽较宽的Nd∶YVO4晶体,最终实现了连续锁模的脉冲输出.在输入功率为8.20W时,获得了输出功率为1.72W的1 064nm连续锁模脉冲激光输出,光-光转换效率达21%,锁模脉冲重复频率为110MHz.     

50 fs输出的全光纤展宽脉冲激光器

利用非线性偏振旋转锁模方法并引进激光谐振腔色散管理,在1550 nm波段上用展宽脉冲全光纤激光器直接产生50 fs无波分裂的高能量脉冲输出.在330 mW的抽运功率下平均输出功率为56.4 mW,单脉冲能量达到1.5 nJ.因为是全光纤结构,激光器的转换效率高达17%.输出光谱平滑,无任何边带存在,激光器处于无波分裂的单脉冲输出状态.     

Experimental study of actively mode-locked semiconductor laser with grating external cavity

In this paper,complete mode-locking optical pulses have been obtained froman actively mode-locked GaAs/GaAlAs semiconductor laser with grating external cavity.Theshortest optical pulse is 7.3 ps measured by second harmonic generation(SHG)autocorrelator.The repetition rate is 995.12 MHz and the central wavelength is 798.4 nm.The effect ofmodulation frequency,modulation current,and bias current on the optical pulses width areinvestigated.     

全固态kHz啁啾脉冲飞秒激光放大器

要建造大功率超强激光系统,必须将nJ量级的种子进行放大,以得到mJ量级以及更高能量的激光输出.为达到这个目的,必须使种子能量指数增加,再生腔放大器是实现这一目的的良好途径;同时,为了得到更稳定的激光输出,须采用高重复频率的泵浦源.为此,设计了一种kHz重复频率激光泵浦的再生放大器,使用15 mJ的527 nm的绿光泵浦,得到了约2.3 mJ的800 nm放大激光输出,同时,对其输出激光的光谱特性进行了测量,将带宽为40 nm的种子注入后,得到了光谱带宽约为30 nm激光输出.     

Wavelength tunable,high energy femtosecond laser pulses directly generated from large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber

Wavelength tunable high energy ultrashort laser pulses are generated from a large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber in anomalous dispersion (AD) regime. A simplified laser cavity design with one fine polished facet of the fiber as a cavity mirror is used. The intra-cavity dispersion compensation is achieved by a grating pair, the spatial dispersed light from which also have optical spectrum filtering effects combined with the limited aperture of the fiber core. The laser system is able to generate ultrashort pulses ranging from 494 fs (with 56 nJ pulse energy) to 1.24 ps (with 49 nJ pulse energy) at 55 MHz repetition rate. The filtering mechanism benefits the generation of high energy pulses with narrowing pulse duration in AD regime. An undulation in frequency and time domain is also observed with the increase of the pump power. Furthermore, this laser system is directly used as seed for supercontinuum generation.     

Passive harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser with nonlinear polarization rotation

On basis of numerical simulation and analytical treatment, we investigate the multiple pulse passive mode-locking of a fiber laser with nonlinear loss due to the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. Various additional mechanisms resulting in the ordering of ultrashort pulses inside the laser resonator and in the realization of harmonic passive mode-locking are analyzed. Among which are the active harmonic modulation of the intracavity loss or of the refractive index, the passive modulation of the index due to the inertial properties of intracavity elements, and the amplification modulation due to the depletion and the relaxation of the gain. The velocity of pulses relative to each other is determined, it results in attractive or repulsive pulse-pulse interaction, and allows to evaluate the conditions of ordering of the pulses inside the cavity.     

Passively Q-switched mode-locking Erbium-doped fiber laser with net-normal dispersion using nonlinear polarization rotation technique

We experimentally demonstrate a passively Q-switched mode-locking (QML) operation in an Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with net normal dispersion by using nonlinear polarization rotation technique. A 2 m long section of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) with extra large positive dispersion was inserted into the cavity to ensure the fiber laser working in the region of net positive dispersion. By carefully adjusting the polarization controller, both uniform dissipative mode-locking pulses with fundamental repetition rate and QML pulse trains with tunable repetition rate from 71.58 to 98.83 kHz are achieved. It is found that the QML operation is caused by the interaction between the polarization state of the pulse and the intracavity polarizer.