强激光加载铝材料动态损伤特性及其微介观结构观测

在神光-Ⅱ装置上利用强激光加载铝材料进行高应变率（高于106 s-1）层裂实验,研究不同初始温度下高纯铝材料的动态损伤特性。采用任意反射面速度干涉仪测量样品自由面速度剖面,由自由面速度剖面计算纯铝样品层裂强度与屈服应力。结果表明:随着温度升高,材料层裂强度减小,屈服应力增大。对激光加载前后样品进行金相分析,观察不同初始温度下纯铝材料的微介观结构变化及其损伤特性。结果表明：随着温度升高,样品晶粒尺度缓慢增大,但在873 K（近熔点）时晶粒尺度急剧增加;层裂面附近小孔洞数目较多,孔洞尺寸也较大,而远离层裂面处,孔洞数目相对较少,且尺寸也较小;材料的断裂方式随温度升高由沿晶断裂为主逐渐变为穿晶断裂为主。     

飞秒激光驱动超高应变率加载下铝材料的层裂特性

层裂损伤是材料动态损伤破坏研究中最重要的问题之一,其损伤特性和机制随加载应变率不同表现出明显的阶段性规律。超高应变率条件下材料层裂损伤特性、规律和机制研究已成为极端条件下材料动态响应研究的重要内容,在工程应用和基础研究领域均有重要意义。采用飞秒激光驱动冲击加载技术开展了超高应变率条件下铝材料的层裂损伤实验研究,利用啁啾频域干涉超快诊断方法对铝材料的层裂损伤过程进行了诊断,分析并获得了在109 s-1应变率条件下铝材料的层裂强度约为7 GPa,结合前人的研究数据,解读了铝材料层裂强度随应变率的变化规律。     

激光加载锡的动态破碎颗粒尺寸分布

基于Grady能量破坏准则,结合固体动态断裂碎块尺寸分布规律研究结果,提出了材料微层裂破碎颗粒质量分布改进模型,并对强激光加载下锡的熔化破碎实验进行了理论计算。研究显示,理论计算的锡的微层裂破碎颗粒分布数随直径变化规律与实验结果一致,模型进一步改进需考虑应变率变化等更多综合因素影响。     

激光加载锡的动态破碎颗粒尺寸分布

基于Grady能量破坏准则,结合固体动态断裂碎块尺寸分布规律研究结果,提出了材料微层裂破碎颗粒质量分布改进模型,并对强激光加载下锡的熔化破碎实验进行了理论计算。研究显示,理论计算的锡的微层裂破碎颗粒分布数随直径变化规律与实验结果一致,模型进一步改进需考虑应变率变化等更多综合因素影响。     

强激光对预应力结构件破坏的细观分析

利用扫描电镜对预应力简单结构件强激光破坏实验的部分试件残片进行了表面、断口和金相观察,分析了强激光对LY12(CZ)铝合金材料性能的影响,初步分析了热力联合加载下材料失效的原因和基本特征,为进一步分析激光破坏机理提供了细观损伤的依据。     

强激光对预应力结构件破坏的细观分析

 利用扫描电镜对预应力简单结构件强激光破坏实验的部分试件残片进行了表面、断口和金相观察，分析了强激光对LY12(CZ)铝合金材料性能的影响，初步分析了热力联合加载下材料失效的原因和基本特征，为进一步分析激光破坏机理提供了细观损伤的依据。     

激光加载下铝材料的冲击温度测量

利用神光Ⅱ装置上搭建的用于激光冲击波实验的温度诊断系统（该系统包括高时空分辨的扫描高温计和谱时分辨的扫描高温计）,以强激光加载铝材料冲击温度的测量,获得了铝材料冲击高温辐射发光谱的高时空分辨信号图像,结合灰体辐射理论模型,计算得到了冲击波速度19.06 km/s时铝材料的冲击温度达2.95 eV,该温度与SESAME库中冲击温度接近。研究结果表明采用该测温系统能够有效诊断金属材料的冲击温度,为后续进一步获取金属材料冲击温度数据奠定了基础。     

激光加载下铝材料的冲击温度测量

利用神光Ⅱ装置上搭建的用于激光冲击波实验的温度诊断系统（该系统包括高时空分辨的扫描高温计和谱时分辨的扫描高温计）,以强激光加载铝材料冲击温度的测量,获得了铝材料冲击高温辐射发光谱的高时空分辨信号图像,结合灰体辐射理论模型,计算得到了冲击波速度19.06 km/s时铝材料的冲击温度达2.95 eV,该温度与SESAME库中冲击温度接近。研究结果表明采用该测温系统能够有效诊断金属材料的冲击温度,为后续进一步获取金属材料冲击温度数据奠定了基础。     

强激光加载下高压液氘材料的电导率

液氘在高压下有丰富的电学光学性质。利用反射率和相对介电函数关系并从广义极化角度出发初步建立了计算低Z材料电导率的简易模型;在神光-Ⅱ装置上利用第九路激光冲击加载液氘材料并测量了其在强激光冲击下的高压状态参数和反射率。结合上述理论模型和实验,研究了高压下液氘的电离度和电导率。结果表明,液氘在约70 GPa时的电导率约为2.87105 (Wm)-1,已呈现出较为明显的金属电导特性。显然,冲击加载下液氘从绝缘分子态开始电离并向金属氘转变发生在更低的压强。     

强激光加载下高压液氘材料的电导率

液氘在高压下有丰富的电学光学性质。利用反射率和相对介电函数关系并从广义极化角度出发初步建立了计算低Z材料电导率的简易模型;在神光-Ⅱ装置上利用第九路激光冲击加载液氘材料并测量了其在强激光冲击下的高压状态参数和反射率。结合上述理论模型和实验,研究了高压下液氘的电离度和电导率。结果表明,液氘在约70 GPa时的电导率约为2.87105 (Wm)-1,已呈现出较为明显的金属电导特性。显然,冲击加载下液氘从绝缘分子态开始电离并向金属氘转变发生在更低的压强。     

Behavior of aluminum near an ultimate theoretical strength in experiments with femtosecond laser pulses

The dynamics of the motion of the free surface of micron and submicron films under the action of a compression pulse excited in the process of femtosecond laser heating of the surface layer of a target has been investigated by femtosecond interferometric microscopy. The relation between the velocity of the shock wave and the particle velocity behind its front indicates the shock compression to 9–13 GPa is elastic in this duration range. This is also confirmed by the small (≤1 ps) time of an increase in the parameters in the shock wave. Shear stresses reached in this process are close to their estimated ultimate values for aluminum. The spall strength determined at a strain rate of 10⁹ s⁻¹ and a spall thickness of 250–300 nm is larger than half the ultimate strength of aluminum.     

Thermal analysis of intense femtosecond laser ablation of aluminum

This paper numerically simulates the process of ablation of an aluminum target by an intense femtosecond laser with a fluence of 40 J/cm 2 based on the two-temperature equation,and obtains the evolution of the free electron temperature and lattice temperature over a large temporal and depth range,for the first time. By investigating the temporal evolution curves of the free electron temperature and lattice temperature at three representative depths of 0,100 nm and 500 nm,it reveals different characteristics and mechanisms of the free electron temperature evolution at different depths. The results show that,in the intense femtosecond laser ablation of aluminum,the material ablation is mainly induced by the thermal conduction of free electrons,instead of the direct absorption of the laser energy; in addition,the thermal conduction of free electrons and the coupling effect between electrons and lattice will induce the temperature of free electrons deep inside the target to experience a process from increase to decrease and finally to increase again.     

激光等离子体物理实验数据格式研究

 鉴于现行激光等离子体物理实验数据属于无格式的原始数据，从数据分析的角度出发，在研究总结“星光”和“神光”实验数据的基础上，合理规划了激光等离子体物理实验数据文件格式，并据此重新编写了数据采集程序和数据格式转换程序。叙述了新格式数据文件的优点及应用。     

A metallographic and electron microscopic study of the structure of copper after dynamic pressing

Structural changes in copper samples subjected to severe plastic deformation with the use of the dynamic loading technique were studied. The deformation was caused by pressing blanks through two or three channels situated at an angle with respect to one another. The velocity of a blank before it got into the first channel was 280–450 m/s. Pressure in samples did not exceed 3–7 GPa. The microstructure of copper changed under the simultaneous action of high-velocity deformation and temperature increase. The formation of cellular dislocation structures, systems of microtwins, dynamic polygonization subgranular structures, and new recrystallized grains was observed. After two passes, the major part of a sample had a structure that consisted of thin fibers containing submicrodisperse (50–100 nm) grains.     

Hidden corrosion detection in aircraft aluminum structures using laser ultrasonics and wavelet transform signal analysis

Preliminary results of hidden corrosion detection in aircraft aluminum structures using a noncontact laser based ultrasonic technique are presented. A short laser pulse focused to a line spot is used as a broadband source of ultrasonic guided waves in an aluminum 2024 sample cut from an aircraft structure and prepared with artificially corroded circular areas on its back surface. The out of plane surface displacements produced by the propagating ultrasonic waves were detected with a heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Time-frequency analysis of the signals using a continuous wavelet transform allowed the identification of the generated Lamb modes by comparison with the calculated dispersion curves. The presence of back surface corrosion was detected by noting the loss of the S(1) mode near its cutoff frequency. This method is applicable to fast scanning inspection techniques and it is particularly suited for early corrosion detection.     

Effect of an absorbent overlay on the residual stress field induced by laser shock processing on aluminum samples

Laser shock processing (LSP) or laser shock peening is a new technique for strengthening metals. This process induces a compressive residual stress field, which increases fatigue crack initiation life and reduces fatigue crack growth rate. Specimens of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy are used in this investigation. A convergent lens is used to deliver 2.5 J, 8 ns laser pulses by a Q-switch Nd:YAG laser, operating at 10 Hz. The pulses are focused to a diameter of 1.5 mm onto aluminum samples. Density of 2500 pulses/cm² with infrared (1064 nm) radiation was used. The effect of an absorbent overlay on the residual stress field using this LSP setup and this energy level is evaluated. Residual stress distribution as a function of depth is assessed by the hole drilling method. It is observed that the overlay makes the compressive residual stress profile move to the surface. This effect is explained on the basis of the vaporization of the coat layer suppressing thermal effects on the metallic substrate. The effect of coating the specimen surface before LSP treatment may have advantages on improving wear and contact fatigue properties of this aluminum alloy.