Microstrip patch array antenna on photonic crystal substrate at terahertz frequency

Recent advancement in the fabrication and packaging technology has led to the micrometer and nanometer-scale device modeling. This technological development and subsequent reduction in the dimension of devices like modulators, detectors and antennas has brought a thought of increasing the operating frequency of the system to the extent of sub-millimeter wavelength. In the view of the technical breakthrough in the area of fabrication and packaging, we have explored a printed antenna array on the photonic crystal in the terahertz spectrum in this paper. An equivalent circuit model of the antenna has been proposed and a methodology to investigate various electrical parameters is discussed. Tunable parameters of the structure have been explored to optimize the electrical performance of the proposed antenna. The analysis is also compared by using two simulators: (a) CST Microwave Studio based on finite integral technique and (b) Ansoft HFSS based on finite element method. The effect of the photonic crystal as substrate to enhance the gain of this kind of the antenna has also been demonstrated. The gain, directivity, front-to-back ratio (F/B ratio), and the radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna at 600 GHz is 16.88 dBi, 17.19 dBi, 14.77 dB and 89.72%, respectively. Finally, the performance of the antenna has been compared with the reported literature.     

Graphene nanoribbon based terahertz antenna on polyimide substrate

Graphene nano ribbon based terahertz patch antenna on polyimide substrate is designed and its radiation characteristics are investigated in the 725–775 GHz band. The terahertz communication system consists of higher data rate transmission, low transmit power with secured wireless communication. The proposed antenna consists of graphene nano ribbon as radiating patch and also the ground plane separated by a 20 μm thin polyimide substrate. The antenna has achieved the broad impedance bandwidth (>5%) in the band of operation. The design has yielded a peak gain of 5.71dB at 750 GHz. The antenna is simulated by using the finite element method based simulator Ansys - HFSS.     

组合振子天线磁偶特性实验研究

通过对组合振子的实验研究,验证了磁偶极子回路所具有的优势:能够极大地改善天线低频传输以及辐射特性,具有明显的低频补偿能力。此外,通过设置磁偶回路周长比,比较了不同磁偶回路状态下的天线特性,发现双磁偶回路对于低频特性的改善要优于单磁偶回路,后者的优势主要体现在高频。根据这一现象,采用单磁偶回路结构设计工作频带为300MHz~5GHz组合振子接收天线。     

组合振子天线磁偶特性实验研究

通过对组合振子的实验研究,验证了磁偶极子回路所具有的优势：能够极大地改善天线低频传输以及辐射特性,具有明显的低频补偿能力。此外,通过设置磁偶回路周长比,比较了不同磁偶回路状态下的天线特性,发现双磁偶回路对于低频特性的改善要优于单磁偶回路,后者的优势主要体现在高频。根据这一现象,采用单磁偶回路结构设计工作频带为300 MHz~5 GHz组合振子接收天线。     

A novel integrated MEMS helix antenna for terahertz applications

This paper reports the design and analysis of a novel helix antenna based on Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, which is used in terahertz (THz) applications. The structure of the antenna includes two parts, the metallic helix and the coplanar waveguide (CPW) on the substrate for feed, the fabrication of the structure needs only one wafer, and the antenna can be easily integrated with other parts of on-chip circuits. There are many tunable parameters of the helix, so that high performance THz antenna can be achieved by optimizing these parameters. The proposed antenna can be manufactured by MEMS processing with low fabrication cost, suitable for many terahertz systems.     

Analysis on effect of low dielectric permittivity on indium-doped tin oxide based optically transparent terahertz patch antenna

Indium-doped tin oxide based optically transparent rectangular patch antennas are designed to resonate at 750 GHz; one on the glass substrate and the other on the polyimide substrate. Characteristics of both the transparent antennas such as impedance bandwidth, radiation efficiency, directivity and gain are analyzed and compared. Polyimide substrate has a lower dielectric permittivity than the glass substrate. The effect of low dielectric permittivity substrate on the radiation characteristics of the terahertz transparent patch antenna is analyzed. The transparent antenna on polyimide substrate is shown to have gain greater than 3.97dB in 714–795 GHz. The proposed transparent antennas are designed and simulated by using finite element method based electromagnetic solver, Ansys–HFSS.     

用于THz波段脉冲空间整形的滤波透镜的电磁场分析

提出了一种结构新颖的用于THz波段的滤波透镜,其特点是将滤波和聚焦的性能结合在一起,从而能有效地在某个特定波段内聚焦THz脉冲的输出能量. 设计了带通和带阻两种性能的滤波透镜,并用电磁场时域差分方法进行了数值研究,证明了设计的正确性. 关键词： THz 滤波 透镜     

时间延迟对偶极子光导天线空间功率合成影响分析

对偶极子光导天线空间功率合成中时间延迟的影响进行了分析。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术分别获取了34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线的太赫兹时域光谱。采用数值模拟方法分析时间延迟对空间功率合成的影响。结果发现:在满足空间功率合成时域相干度60%的条件下,两个34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线阵列的相对最大时间延迟分别为350.7, 467.6, 450.9 fs;三个34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线阵列的相对最大时间延迟分别为191.1, 250.5, 267.2 fs;四个34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线阵列的相对最大时间延迟分别为167, 200.4, 217.1 fs。试验结果表明,空间功率合成数值模拟仿真能为偶极子光导天线阵列的物理实验提供重要依据。     

等离子体有源透镜天线的特性分析

 应用高功率微波大气传输机理和等离子体物理理论，提出了一种新概念天线-等离子体有源透镜天线。简要概述了其实现方法，并对其反射、透射、吸收、工作带宽和最佳工作频率等特性参数进行了分析与计算。该天线根据需要可聚束ＨＰＭ工作波，也可将外来入侵的ＨＰＭ波聚束后发送回原处，可形成空间有源滤波等器件。     

等离子体有源透镜天线的特性分析

应用高功率微波大气传输机理和等离子体物理理论,提出了一种新概念天线-等离子体有源透镜天线。简要概述了其实现方法,并对其反射、透射、吸收、工作带宽和最佳工作频率等特性参数进行了分析与计算。该天线根据需要可聚束ＨＰＭ工作波,也可将外来入侵的ＨＰＭ波聚束后发送回原处,可形成空间有源滤波等器件。     

Design considerations for rectangular microstrip patch antenna on electromagnetic crystal substrate at terahertz frequency

The effects of 2-D electromagnetic crystal substrate on the performance of a rectangular microstrip patch antennas at THz frequencies is simulated. Electromagnetic crystal substrate is used to obtain extremely broad-bandwidth with multi-frequency band operation of the proposed microstrip antennas. Multi-frequency band microstrip patch antennas are used in modern communication systems in order to enhance their capacity through frequency reuse. The simulated 10 dB impedance bandwidth of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna is 34.3% at THz frequency (0.6–0.95 THz). The radiation efficiency, gain and directivity of the proposed antenna are presented at different THz frequencies. The simulation has been performed using CST Microwave Studio, which is a commercially available electromagnetic simulator based on finite integral technique.     

时间延迟对偶极子光导天线空间功率合成影响分析

对偶极子光导天线空间功率合成中时间延迟的影响进行了分析。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术分别获取了34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线的太赫兹时域光谱。采用数值模拟方法分析时间延迟对空间功率合成的影响。结果发现:在满足空间功率合成时域相干度60%的条件下,两个34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线阵列的相对最大时间延迟分别为350.7, 467.6, 450.9 fs;三个34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线阵列的相对最大时间延迟分别为191.1, 250.5, 267.2 fs;四个34, 500, 1000 m偶极子光导天线阵列的相对最大时间延迟分别为167, 200.4, 217.1 fs。试验结果表明,空间功率合成数值模拟仿真能为偶极子光导天线阵列的物理实验提供重要依据。     

Enhancement of terahertz wave difference frequency generation based on a compact walk-off compensated KTP OPO

A compact, walk-off compensated dual-wavelength KTP OPO near the degenerate point of 2.128 μm pumped by a Nd:YAG pulsed laser is employed as the pump for terahertz (THz) source based on difference frequency generation (DFG) in a GaSe crystal. Coherent THz radiation that is continuously tunable in the range of 81-1617 μm (0.186-3.7 THz) is achieved. An enhancement of 76.7% in average for the THz energies at different wavelengths is realized using the walk-off compensated KTP OPO than the common one. Using a 8 mm-long GaSe crystal, the maximum output THz pulse energy is 48.9 nJ with the peak power of 11 W, corresponding to the energy conversion efficiency of 5.4 × 10^− 6 and the photon conversion efficiency of about 0.09%.     

基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线的宽角扫描线性相控阵列

设计并加工了两款基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线单元的宽角扫描线性阵列.首先,通过加载磁偶极子的方法拓展了天线单元的3-dB波束宽度.然后,基于该宽波束天线单元设计了两款具有良好宽角扫描特性的一维阵列天线.实测结果表明,天线单元的E面方向图3-dB波束宽度在9GHz—12 GHz均大于107°,H面方向图3-dB波束宽度在7GHz—12 GHz均大于178°.E面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9GHz—13 GHz小于2,相对阻抗带宽为36.36%.H面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9.6GHz—12.6 GHz小于2.5,相对阻抗带宽为27.03%.E面阵列在9GHz—12 GHz可实现±70°的有效宽角扫描.H面阵列在9GHz—GHz可实现±90°的有效宽角扫描.与传统的扫描阵列相比,设计的阵列可实现有效宽带宽角扫描,在X波段相控阵雷达方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

A synthesis technique of single square loop frequency selective surface at terahertz frequency

In this paper, we have explored and extended the use of frequency selective surface towards the terahertz regime of the electromagnetic spectrum where interesting applications such as imaging, sensing and communication exist. We have discussed a synthesis technique to design the single square loop frequency selective surface (SSLFSS) at 150 and 300 GHz which have found suitable application in the fast analysis and fabrication of the frequency selective surface. Moreover, the analytical results have been supported by the CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS commercial simulators. We have discussed the angular insensitivity of the SSLFSS at 150 GHz as well as 300 GHz. However, the specific problems arise at terahertz frequencies as compared to the radio and microwave frequencies are the ohmic losses. The proposed analysis has been extended from 100 GHz to 350 GHz to discuss the ohmic and dielectric losses. We have also discussed the other important issues which are very much significant in the terahertz regime of the spectrum such as skin depth and surface roughness.     

光电导天线太赫兹辐射峰值调控研究

针对微结构光电导天线与飞秒激光之间相互作用效应以及辐射太赫兹波调控问题进行了研究。采用德鲁德-洛伦兹理论模型获得微结构光电导天线辐射光电流密度,通过时域有限差分把光电流密度迭代在激励网格上,结合麦克斯韦方程求解时变电磁场,并通过传输线格林函数获得多层介质近场到远场的辐射太赫兹波,建立了辐射光电流与辐射阻抗、电磁共振模式之间的关系模型,模拟仿真分析了微结构S型光电导天线太赫兹波辐射调控机理。研究结果表明：微结构改变了天线等效模型的辐射阻抗;同时得知耦合系数不为零时存在耦合作用,且随着耦合系数增大共振频率峰值发生辐射增强和位移;并通过设计S型光电导天线获得辐射峰值频率调整范围为0.50～0.80 THz之间,对比工形天线辐射峰值频率由原来的0.40 T移动到0.76 T,频率调整度75%,峰值辐射效率约提高70%。该研究工作为后续高功率光导天线太赫兹波辐射的共振中心频点以及结构设计奠定重要基础。     

基于PDMS基片的可变焦柱透镜

设计并制作了一种基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（Polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS）基片的可变焦微型柱透镜。这种柱透镜主要由一根埋入PDMS基片中的玻璃毛细管构成,通过选择毛细管内液体的折射率实现变焦功能。液体折射率为1.451 8～1.550 2时,柱透镜焦距可由21.369 mm减小到3.362 mm,变焦倍数达到6.4倍。用散射光成像方法观察并拍摄了平行光通过这种可变焦柱透镜后的光线轨迹图;用ZEMAX光学设计软件摸拟了成像过程,模拟结果和实验图像相符;用高斯光学的逐次成像方法推导出了这种柱透镜的焦距公式,焦距的计算结果和实验以及模拟结果吻合。PDMS基片中可变焦微型柱透镜的成功制作,为＂芯片上的实验室＂提供了一种重要的光学成像元件。     

The effect of a permanent dipole moment on the polar molecule cavity quantum electrodynamics

A dressed-state perturbation theory beyond the rotating wave approximation(RWA) is presented to investigate the interaction between a two-level electronic transition of polar molecules and a quantized cavity field. Analytical expressions can be explicitly derived for both the ground- and excited-state-energy spectrums and wave functions of the system, where the contribution of permanent dipole moments(PDM) and the counter-rotating wave term(CRT) can be shown separately.The validity of these explicit results is discussed by comparison with the direct numerical simulation. Compared to the CRT coupling, PDM results in the coupling of more dressed states and the energy shift is proportional to the square of the normalized permanent dipole difference, and a greater Bloch–Siegert shift can be produced in the giant dipole molecule cavity QED. In addition, our method can also be extended to the solution of the two-level atom Rabi model Hamiltonian beyond the RWA.     

A multi-frequency circularly polarized metasurface antenna array based on quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide for sub-6 applications

A miniaturized multi-frequency circularly polarized array is designed in this paper. The antenna array is composed of three independent sub-arrays employing modified quarter-mode substrate ntegrated aveguide (QMSIW) to achieve three circularly polarized frequency bands. By introducing strip-slot, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna array is broadened while the dimension is decreased by 75% to realize miniaturization. Meanwhile, metasurface causes the impedance bandwidth of the sub-array to be further enhanced. Moreover, the metal vias are employed in the antenna array design to further achieve miniaturization. The antenna array is manufactured and measured to verify the design. Both the measured and simulated results display that the array achieves the impedance bandwidths of 10%, 11.7%, and 14.8% and axial ratio bandwidths of 8.8%, 8.0%, and 8.5% at 2.5, 3.5, and 4.8 GHz, respectively. The gain is stable in the operating band within an uncertainty of 0.7 dBi. The whole dimension is 0.92λ×0.63λ×0.04λ, where λ₀ is the wavelength at the lowest resonant frequency. Furthermore, the simple structure and miniaturization provides great convenience in sub-6 applications.     

Efficacy of a wideband flexible antenna on a multilayer polymeric nanocomposites Fe3O4-PDMS substrate for wearable applications

The recently introduced polymeric nanocomposites substrate layer technology is used in the design of a flexible antenna array for wearable applications. This new technology allows a considerable widening of the bandwidth of classical microstrip topologies. This means that a relatively wide band can be combined with a full ground plane in a very simple structure, which is an ideal combination in wearable applications. The wideband and flexible features enabled the antenna to mitigate body-detuning effects. The proposed antenna prototype consists of a 2 × 2 array of rectangular patch elements with dimensions of 70 × 70 × 4.2 mm³. The measurements are performed in free space, and on-body under bent conditions. The antenna working within the frequency band of 5 GHz–8.2 GHz, with a fractional impedance (FBW) bandwidth of 50.34%. The antenna demonstrates a maximum radiation efficiency of 60%, and 9.8 dB of realized gain. Since this antenna is intended for on body-centric wireless communication application, the specific absorption rate is evaluated when the antenna is placed on the right arm of a realistic human phantom. The performances and features of the proposed antenna paved the way for off-body connections in a WBAN and wearable applications including WiFi, telemedicine and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X).