Barker码激励超声导波在长骨检测中的应用

单脉冲激励的超声导波在长骨中传播时,信号的衰减大,导致接收信号的幅度很小,且噪声严重。Barker码激励能有效增大接收信号幅度,提高信噪比(SNR)。将其应用到超声导波长骨检测中,进行仿真和长骨实验,得到的信号分别用加权匹配滤波器和有限冲激响应-最小均方误差(FIR-LS)逆滤波器进行压缩,并与单脉冲激励的结果进行了对比。结果表明,对于13位的Barker码,采用加权匹配滤波器进行解码时,压缩信号幅度是单脉冲激励接收信号的13倍;而FIR-LS逆滤波器则达到-63.59 dB的峰值旁瓣水平(PSL),更好地抑制噪声。说明可以将Barker码激励超声导波应用于长骨的检测中。     

体声波Barker码序列及其在检测超声中的应用

本文提出了一种获得体声波Barker码信号序列的极为简便的方法,并给出了相应的相关处理结果。Barker码声信号采用了单位电脉冲的换能器响应作为单元码,并以此构成了编码序列。由于DATA-2020和DATA-6000具有相当高的稳定度,保证了编码序列的相位精度,因而得到了颇为理想的响应函数。超声换能器的瞬态响应特性和声信号比电信号的滞后特性,是造成偏差的主要因素。     

Barker码体波脉冲压缩换能器的研究

本文从压电圆片二维等效电路出发,导出了多层结构的传输矩阵。对PZT,PT做成的多层编码发射和多层倒置接收换能器,在阶跃电脉冲激励下实现了Barker码脉冲压缩。从理论和实验上分析讨论了径向模、背衬、负载、粘接层、介电损耗和机械损耗等对压缩效果的影响。理论与实验结果基本符合。在解决了某些工艺困难之后,作出了PZT和PT的Barker码体波脉冲压缩换能器。     

液氢的超声衰减研究

用超声脉冲回波法在13.8—20.5K温区对液氢的超声衰减进行了实验研究,测量频率为45MHz。实验结果表明,液氢的超声衰减的温度依赖特性主要取决于体积粘滞效应。随着温度的降低,体积粘滞机制对超声衰减的贡献越来越大,对实验结果进行了讨论。     

基于深度学习的材料超声回波衰减预测方法

材料超声回波衰减是评价材料均匀一致性的常用方法, 针对具有复杂结构的航空发动机盘件难以进行材料底面超声回波衰减评价的问题, 本文提出了利用超声背散射波信号直接预测底面回波衰减的方法。采用10MHz聚焦探头进行超声背散射波数据的采集, 利用深度学习技术构建和训练模型,建立了基于深度学习的材料底面回波衰减预测方法, 同时讨论了采用不同信号形式的超声波信号分类识别模型的准确率差异。研究发现：基于深度学习技术可实现通过超声背散射波预测材料的底面回波衰减, 预测结果和实际底面回波衰减试验结果具有良好的一致性。     

固体内耗与超声衰减

一、弹性体的特征对于一个弹性体,应力σ和应变ε遵从胡克定律：σ＝Ｍε,Ｍ是弹性模量;或ε＝Ｊσ,Ｊ是顺度．在一般情况下,对于任意的形变来说,应力和应变应该用二级张量来表示．上述的胡克定律是标量的形式,只适用于简单的形变模式,例如纯切变,单轴拉伸或流体静压力形变;这时Ｍ是切变模量Ｇ、杨氏模量Ｅ或体积模量.理想的弹性行为要满足四个条件：（１）应力对于每个应力水平的响应是线性的;（２）上述的响应是可....     

纤维复合媒质中的超声衰减

为了精确估计纤维复合煤质中散射所引起的超声衰减，必须计及纤维之间的多次散射现象本文提出了纤维复合煤质中任一点有效入射声场的计算方法当超声纵波传播方向与纤维轴线相垂直时，散射横波并不影响有效入射声场；导出了考虑多次散射后超声衰减系数的表达式；数值计算了玻璃／金属铝复合媒质中纵波衰减系数随频率的变化关系 关键词：     

高频超声激励源

对于频率高于50MHz的超声换能器,如何得到有较高幅度、近似于理想δ脉冲的激励信号是比较重要的。在高频换能器允许的条件下,适当提高激励信号的幅度和采用较陡的脉冲前沿,对于提高换能器的灵敏度及分辨率大有益处。一般驱动换能器多使用高频脉冲信号发生器,存在幅度低(<100V)、带容性负     

用来激励高频超声换能器的电激励源

讨论了超声换能器的几种激励方法，分析了三种常用激励方法在激励高频超声换能器时的特点及其同局限性，我们雪崩ＭＡＲＸ电路制作的单极窄脉冲能地激励率高达１００ＭＨｚ的换能器并取得了较好的结果。     

人体血管壁超声传输衰减特性的研究

本文利用超声脉冲反射法，对人体血管壁声衰减特性进行了离体测量，给出了人体血管壁声能量衰减参数的测量值。这对超声在医学领域的应用以及超声连体非介入血栓消溶有着十分重要的意义。     

Ultrasonic Barker-coded excitation method with attenuation matching

In order to increase the ability of ultrasound to penetrate high-attenuation medium,an attenuation matching method of ultrasonic Barker-coded excitation is prop...     

基于双高斯衰减模型的超声回波处理方法

信号降噪与特征提取是超声检测数据处理的关键技术.基于超声信号有特定结构而噪声和超声信号的结构无关,本文提出一种旨在解决强噪声背景下超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题的方法.该方法将超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题转换为函数优化问题,首先根据工程经验建立超声信号的双高斯衰减数学模型,然后根据观测回波和建立的超声信号模型确定目标函数,接着选择人工蜂群算法对目标函数进行优化从而得到参数的最优估计值,最后由估计出的参数根据建立的超声信号数学模型重构出无噪的超声估计信号.通过仿真和实验表明本文方法可以准确估计出信噪比大于-10 dB的含噪超声回波中的无噪信号,且效果优于基于自适应阈值的小波降噪方法和经验模态分解方法;此外相比常用的指数模型和高斯模型,本文提出的双高斯衰减超声信号模型与实测超声信号更接近,其均方误差为9.4×10~(-5),波形相似系数为0.98.     

Ultrasonic attenuation in aluminium

Second- and third-order elastic-constant data have been used to determine the Grüneisen mode, 〈γ〉, average-square Grüneisen constant, 〈γ²〉 and nonlinearity constant D, for Aluminium. The attenuation suffered by longitudinal ultrasonic wave propagating in 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions and shear wave polarized along 〈100〉 and 〈1$\text{1}$0〉 directions, due to phonon viscosity and thermoelastic phenomena have been evaluated from two different values of TOEM at 289°K and comparison with observed experimental results has been made also.     

Ultrasonic attenuation estimation in-vivo using the difference ratio correction method.

In recent years, B scanners have been widely used clinically. Obviously, it is of particular importance to use the commercial B scanners to characterize tissue by estimating its ultrasonic attenuation in vivo. However, there are a lot of difficulties in doing so because the output of a B scanner is affected by many unknown factors. In this paper, a time domain method named the difference ratio correction (DRC) method is proposed to estimate the ultrasonic attenuation of tissue in vivo. In this method, three tissue-mimicking phantoms with known acoustical properties were employed to eliminate the instrumentation errors of the B scanner and the measuring system and to correct beam diffraction for correct attenuation estimation. Other advantages of this method are that it is very convenient to apply this method clinically and there is no need to change the inner construction of the B scanner because this method only utilizes the video output. Experimental and clinical results have proved the validity of this method.     

Ultrasonic attenuation in pearlitic steel

Expressions for the attenuation coefficients of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves are developed for steel with pearlitic microstructure. This type of lamellar duplex microstructure influences attenuation because of the lamellar spacing. In addition, longitudinal attenuation measurements were conducted using an unfocused transducer with 10 MHz central frequency on the cross section of a quenched railroad wheel sample. The dependence of longitudinal attenuation on the pearlite microstructure is observed from the changes of longitudinal attenuation from the quenched tread surface to deeper locations. The results show that the attenuation value is lowest and relatively constant within the quench depth, then increases linearly. The experimental results demonstrate a reasonable agreement with results from the theoretical model. Ultrasonic attenuation provides an important non-destructive method to evaluate duplex microstructure within grains which can be implemented for quality control in conjunction with other manufacturing processes.     

Ultrasonic attenuation in insulating crystals

A theory for the dampingΓ of ultrasonic waves due to three-phonon processes is developed by using a Green's function method. The imaginary part of the self-energy of the impressed ultrasound phonons interacting with thermal phonons is calculated. In the limits ofω τ very large and very small the known results are rederived, whereω is the frequency of the ultrasonic wave andτ the thermal phonon relaxation time. The intermediate range ofω τ values is discussed in detail for the case of longitudinal phonon attenuation. It is found, that forω τ>1 a Landau-Rumer type law applies also for longitudinal phonons,Γ～ωT ⁴. But it is shown that dispersion effects and large third-order elastic anisotropy can lead to a stronger temperature dependence thanT ⁴ and a weaker dependence on frequency thanω. These results are compared with recent experiments.     

Ultrasonic attenuation in dirty two-band superconductors with persistent currents

The ultrasonic attenuation in two-band superconductors with non-magnetic and paramagnetic impurities in the presence of persistent currents is studied. The case of high impurity concentrations is considered. Assuming space-independent sound waves, the absorption energy in the case of relatively low frequencies at low and zero temperatures is calculated.     

Ultrasonic attenuation in plasma-sprayed coating materials

Measurements have been made of the attenuation in thin samples of plasma-sprayed molybdenum, nickel aluminide and aluminium coating materials in the frequency range 2.5 to 15 MHz. It has been found that attenuation is dependent on the structure of the coatings and in particular on porosity. Interference effects in such thin samples are shown to be unimportant because of their high attenuations. An analysis of ultrasonic attenuation through thin samples is presented.