基于静态电滞回线的铁电电容模型

根据铁电体的特征电滞回线和微观结构特点，将构成铁电体的晶胞等效为偶极子. 通过分析偶极子在电场作用下的极化反转机理，运用统计物理学基本原理建立了新的铁电电容模型. 该模型不仅适用于饱和极化的情况，对非饱和、电滞回线不对称以及输入电压中途转向等各种情况也都适用. 模型数学表达简洁，易于结合到实际的电路仿真软件中去，仿真结果与试验结果符合非常好. 关键词： 铁电电容 建模 电滞回线 偶极子     

铁电体的电滞回线演示

自从Valasek在1921年发现罗息盐有铁电现象以来,人们对铁电现象和铁电材料从基础理论到各种器件的开发都进行了大量的研究,并在许多新技术领域中获得了广泛的应用。目前新的铁电材料还在不断地涌现,铁电材料新的应用还在继续开辟。为了使学生能够更好地掌握铁电现象的物理概念,开拓思路,激发探索创新意识,提高教学质量,我们以最典型的BaTiO_3铁电体着手,研制了这个铁电体电滞回线的演示仪器,该演示仪可在课内或课后表演,也可作为大学物理的选修实验或分组实验。     

37BiScO_3-63PbTiO_3铁电陶瓷的极化翻转行为研究

在正弦电场E=E0sin(2πft)加载下,通过改变电场E0(5—55kV/cm)和频率f(0.1—100Hz),测量了37BiScO3-63PbTiO3铁电陶瓷材料的电滞回线.数据拟合结果表明:在低电场和高电场阶段,剩余极化强度Pr的对数和矫顽场强Ec的对数都与电场强度E0的对数存在线性关系,而介于高电场与低电场之间则无线性关系存在,这种三阶段行为有别于现有的两阶段行为.这可归结于铁电陶瓷在不同的电场作用下铁电极化机理的不同.     

铌锰锆钛酸铅铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应

研究了Pb［(Zr052Ti048)095(Mn1/3Nb2/3)005］O3 (PMnN_PZT) 铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应,结果显示在高频和室温条件下测试铁电特性时,电滞回线呈现“束腰”形状,而不是通常所看到的方形回线 . 在低频和高温条件下测试时才能观察到正常的方形回线,同时,诸如矫顽场、极化强度、 内偏场这些重要的铁电参数也会随频率和温度发生显著的变化. 剩余极化强度随频率和温度 的大幅增长表明“束腰” 电滞回线有可能是由于缺陷偶极子引起的. 电滞回线形状与温度 和频率存在较强的相关性说明缺陷偶极子存在一特征弛豫时间,缺陷偶极子反转响应速度由 此弛豫时间决定. 关键词： 电滞回线 氧空位 频率响应 温度响应     

PZT铁电材料的总剂量辐照效应实验研究

 采用传统固相反应法制备PZT铁电材料,并制作成平行平板无源电容器结构,在ELV-8电子直线加速器上进行了总剂量效应辐照实验。结果表明：样片经过不同强度高能高速直流电子束辐照后的电滞回线随着辐照强度的增加,电滞回线所包围的面积逐渐减小,饱和极化强度、剩余极化强度和矫顽场呈线性减小。其中当辐照剂量为1×10⁸rad（Si）时,饱和极化强度、剩余极化强度和矫顽场的衰减幅度分别为14.1%,15.0%和2.7%,样片抗总剂量辐照能力可达1×10⁸rad（Si）。     

大功率固态脉冲形成线研究进展

固态化是脉冲功率技术发展的新趋势。综述了中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所在大功率固态脉冲形成线方面的研究进展,给出了基于铁电陶瓷及玻璃-陶瓷复合材料的固态脉冲形成线绝缘强度、脉冲放电特性等方面的最新结果。对基于铁电陶瓷及玻璃-陶瓷复合材料的固态脉冲形成线的脉冲特性进行了分析和探索。     

电容器通过变压器对脉冲形成线充电过程

从T模型等效电路出发,在等效电路中磁化电感两端的电压在形成线等效电容充电到第一个峰值之前变化较小这一假设之下,推导了电容器通过变压器对脉冲形成线充电的解析表达式,给出了考虑回路存在电阻和杂散电感下的表达式。最后利用电路模拟来验证解析表达式,结果表明:给出的解析表达式能够较好地分析电容器通过变压器对脉冲形成线充电过程;在形成线充电的第一个半周期内,解析理论得到的结果与模拟结果比较吻合,在原边电容和形成线等效电容可比较的情况下,从变压器耦合系数较低（不超过0.7）到耦合系数接近于1的情况都适用。     

电容器通过变压器对脉冲形成线充电过程

从T模型等效电路出发,在等效电路中磁化电感两端的电压在形成线等效电容充电到第一个峰值之前变化较小这一假设之下,推导了电容器通过变压器对脉冲形成线充电的解析表达式,给出了考虑回路存在电阻和杂散电感下的表达式。最后利用电路模拟来验证解析表达式,结果表明:给出的解析表达式能够较好地分析电容器通过变压器对脉冲形成线充电过程;在形成线充电的第一个半周期内,解析理论得到的结果与模拟结果比较吻合,在原边电容和形成线等效电容可比较的情况下,从变压器耦合系数较低（不超过0.7）到耦合系数接近于1的情况都适用。     

铁电薄膜性能测量实验

利用铁电性能综合测试系统测量了SrBi2Ta2O9薄膜的铁电性能,分析了电压变化对于电滞回线的影响,同时对疲劳行为进行了研究。     

重复频率脉冲电容器寿命测试平台

通过建立脉冲重复频率寿命测试平台研究ms级脉冲放电领域的脉冲电容器的寿命特性。平台采用的输出功率为30kW重复频率充电机,其输出电压0~12kV;脉冲放电回路采用晶闸管作为开关,最高重复频率为100Hz;负载采用电阻和电感调节回路波形。通过该测试平台可以研究各个阶段的经历时间和重复频率对电容器寿命特性的影响以及重复频率工况下脉冲电容器的失效机制。     

重复频率脉冲电容器寿命测试平台

通过建立脉冲重复频率寿命测试平台研究ms级脉冲放电领域的脉冲电容器的寿命特性。平台采用的输出功率为30 kW重复频率充电机, 其输出电压0~12 kV;脉冲放电回路采用晶闸管作为开关, 最高重复频率为100 Hz;负载采用电阻和电感调节回路波形。通过该测试平台可以研究各个阶段的经历时间和重复频率对电容器寿命特性的影响以及重复频率工况下脉冲电容器的失效机制。     

Physicochemical assessment criteria for high-voltage pulse capacitors

In the paper, the applicability of decomposition products of internal insulation of high-voltage pulse capacitors is considered (aging is the reason for decomposition products of internal insulation). Decomposition products of internal insulation of high-voltage pulse capacitors can be used to evaluate their quality when in operation and in service. There have been three generations of markers of aging of insulation as in the case with power transformers. The area of applicability of markers of aging of insulation for power transformers has been studied and the area can be extended to high-voltage pulse capacitors. The research reveals that there is a correlation between the components and quantities of markers of aging of the first generation (gaseous decomposition products of insulation) dissolved in insulating liquid and the remaining life of high-voltage pulse capacitors. The application of markers of aging to evaluate the remaining service life of high-voltage pulse capacitor is a promising direction of research, because the design of high-voltage pulse capacitors keeps stability of markers of aging of insulation in high-voltage pulse capacitors. It is necessary to continue gathering statistical data concerning development of markers of aging of the first generation. One should also carry out research aimed at estimation of the remaining life of capacitors using markers of the second and the third generation.     

Quality evaluation of tunable microwave filters on ferroelectric capacitors

The tuning efficiency of microstrip filters that use ferroelectric capacitors as control elements depends on the properties of the capacitors and the filter’s resonators. The properties of these components are included if the quality criterion of a tunable filter is defined as the ratio of the center frequency tuning bandwidth to the passband of the filter. A quality criterion suggested in this work allows one to estimate the limiting characteristics of tunable filters.     

Ruthenium oxide and strontium ruthenate electrodes for ferroelectric thin-films capacitors

Metallic ruthenium and ruthenium oxides, such as SrRuO₃ and RuO₂, are potential electrode materials for ferroelectric capacitors. The electrical properties (e.g. leakage currents) of such thin film devices are dependent on the electronic properties of the electrode/ferroelectric junctions and therefore also on the electrode work functions. During growth and processing of film-electrode layer structures the formation of sub-oxides within the electrode is possible, with their work functions being unknown. In order to obtain information for predicting device properties, we have systematically analysed the valence bands and work functions of RuO_x and SrRuO_y thin films with different oxidation states by using photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The results suggest that Ru⁰ and Ru⁴⁺ ions are present in co-existence at the surfaces of oxygen-deficient polycrystalline films (inhomogeneous oxidation). For both oxygen-deficient materials the work function coincides with that of metallic ruthenium (4.6ǂ.1 eV). Only for fully oxidised ruthenium oxide and strontium ruthenate films (no Ru⁰ present at the surface) is the work function increased to 5.0 or 4.9 eV, respectively. As an example of importance for new dynamic random access memory applications, the junctions of Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃ with SrRuO_y and RuO_x are discussed.     

Coulomb microexplosions of ferroelectric ceramics

Energetic neutral and extreme ultraviolet emission initiated by the dense plasma propagation along a ferroelectric surface has been found. It was shown that the emission of neutrals is characterized by a large divergence and velocities up to 7 x 10(7) cm/s. This phenomenon is explained by an extremely large electric field with amplitude > or =10(6) V/cm and rise time approximately 10(-10) s which appears at the plasma front due to the fast fall in the driving pulse. This electric field causes microexplosions of the ferroelectric surface due to inertia in the ion polarization response.     

Thermostable ferroelectric capacitors based on graded films of barium strontium titanate

Technical Physics - The influence of the pressure of working gas during the ion–plasma sputtering on properties of deposited ferroelectric barium strontium titanate coatings has been...     

用于瞬态高功率脉冲辐射的超宽带天线设计

基于Valentine天线的辐射原理,设计出可发射峰值电压610 kV、频谱范围0.2~2 GHz高功率脉冲的超宽带天线。利用油作为绝缘介质过渡巴伦可使天线直接加载于50 Ω的同轴波导上;通过优化填充介质及天线拓扑结构提高了耐压能力及辐射特性。仿真结果表明,设计的天线具有低反射、宽频带、高增益和高耐压强度等优点。     

高功率超短激光脉冲信噪比的研究

 针对高功率激光系统中信噪比低的问题，基于描述超短脉冲传输的非线性薛定谔方程进行数值模拟，研究了高阶群速度色散、光谱调制及自相位调制对脉冲信噪比的影响；新建立了用于分析光栅平整度对脉冲信噪比的影响的物理模型并进行了相应的模拟，分析了光栅的质量要求或补偿精度。研究表明：对于100 fs的高斯脉冲，要保证信噪比达到10⁸，应将三阶色散量限制在4.8×10⁵ fs³以下，B积分的值应小于0.2，光谱的调制幅度应小于10^-4，光栅平整度应优于λ/100。