Totally secure classical communication utilizing Johnson (-like) noise and Kirchoff's law

An absolutely secure, fast, inexpensive, robust, maintenance-free and low-power-consumption communication is proposed. The states of the information bit are represented by two resistance values. The sender and the receiver have such resistors available and they randomly select and connect one of them to the channel at the beginning of each clock period. The thermal noise voltage and current can be observed but Kirchoff's law provides only a second-order equation. A secure bit is communicated when the actual resistance values at the sender's side and the receiver's side differ. Then the second order equation yields the two resistance values but the eavesdropper is unable to determine the actual locations of the resistors and to find out the state of the sender's bit. The receiver knows that the sender has the inverse of his bit, similarly to quantum entanglement. The eavesdropper can decode the message if, for each bits, she inject current in the wire and measures the voltage change and the current changes in the two directions. However, in this way she gets discovered by the very first bit she decodes. Instead of thermal noise, proper external noise generators should be used when the communication is not aimed to be stealth.     

Study of charmonium(-like) states via ISR at Belle

The cross sections for e+e-→π+π-J/ψ, π+π-ψ(2S), K+K-J/ψ, DD, D0D-π++c.c., D*D+c.c., and D*D-* are measured using data sample collected on or near the T(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. A peak near 4.25 GeV/c2, corresponding to the so called Y(4260), is observed in π+π-J/ψ final state. In addition, there is another cluster of events at around 4.05 GeV/c2. Two resonant structures are observed in the π+π-J/ψ(2S) invariant mass distribution, one at 4361±9±9 MeV/c2 with a width of 74±15±10 MeV/c2, and another at 4664±11±5 MeV/c2 with a width of 48±15±3 MeV/c2. The rich structures observed in all these final states indicate that our understanding of the vector charmonium states above the open charm threshold is still poor, let alone the other possible dynamics such as charmonium hybrids or final state re-scattering and so on.     

Study of charmonium(-like) states via ISR at Belle

The cross sections for e⁺e－→π⁺π^－J/ψ, π⁺π^－ψ(2S), K⁺K^－J/ψ, DD, D⁰D^－+π⁺+c.c., D^*D+c.c., and D^*D^* are measured using data sample collected on or near the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. A peak near 4.25GeV/c², corresponding to the so called Y(4260), is observed in π⁺π^－J/ψ final state. In addition, there is another cluster of events at around 4.05GeV/c². Two resonant structures are observed in the π⁺π^－ψ(2S) invariant mass distribution, one at 4361±9±9MeV/c² with a width of 74±15±10MeV/c², and another at 4664±11±5MeV/c² with a width of 48±15± 3MeV/c². The rich structures observed in all these final states indicate that our understanding of the vector charmonium states above the open charm threshold is still poor, let alone the other possible dynamics such as charmonium hybrids or final state re-scattering and so on.     

Construction of coherent states for Morse potential: A su(2)-like approach

We propose a generalized su(2) algebra that perfectly describes the discrete energy part of the Morse potential. Then, we examine particular examples and the approach can be applied to any Morse oscillator and to practically any physical system whose spectrum is finite. Further, we construct the Klauder coherent state for Morse potential satisfying the resolution of identity with a positive measure, obtained through the solution of truncated Stieltjes moment problem. The time evolution of the uncertainty relation of the constructed coherent states is analyzed. The uncertainty relation is more localized for small values of radius of convergence.     

Johnson(-like)-Noise-Kirchhoff-loop based secure classical communicator characteristics, for ranges of two to two thousand kilometers, via model-line

A pair of Kirchhoff-loop-Johnson(-like)-Noise communicators, which is able to work over variable ranges, was designed and built. Tests have been carried out on a model-line performance characteristics were obtained for ranges beyond the ranges of any known direct quantum communication channel and they indicate unrivalled signal fidelity and security performance of the exchanged raw key bits. This simple device has single-wire secure key generation and sharing rates of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 bit/second for corresponding copper wire diameters/ranges of 21 mm/2000 km, 7 mm/200 km, 2.3 mm/20 km, and 0.7 mm/2 km, respectively and it performs with 0.02% raw-bit error rate (99.98% fidelity). The raw-bit security of this practical system significantly outperforms raw-bit quantum security. Current injection breaking tests show zero bit eavesdropping ability without triggering the alarm signal, therefore no multiple measurements are needed to build an error statistics to detect the eavesdropping as in quantum communication. Wire resistance based breaking tests of Bergou-Scheuer-Yariv type give an upper limit of eavesdropped raw-bit ratio of 0.19% and this limit is inversely proportional to the sixth power of cable diameter. Hao's breaking method yields zero (below measurement resolution) eavesdropping information.     

On Ho(r)ava-Lifshitz cosmology

We give a brief overview of the Horava-Lifshitz-gravity theory, its modifications and its impli- cations in cosmology. In particular, we discuss the various issues on the gravitational scalar mode, including its decoupling, its role as inflaton and its stability. Our analysis shows that the scalar mode could decouple naturally at λ=1 due to the extra gauge symmetry. On the other hand, the fact that the scalar mode becomes ghost when 1/3<λ<1 is a real challenge to the theory. We try to overcome this problem by modifying the action such that the RG flow lies outside the problematic region. We discuss the cosmological implications of the theory.     

Vortex fluctuations in underdoped Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) crystals

Vortex thermal fluctuations in heavily underdoped Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) (T(c)=69.4 K) are studied using Josephson plasma resonance. From the zero-field data, we obtain the c-axis penetration depth lambda(L,c)(0)=230+/-10 micrometer and the anisotropy ratio gamma(T). The low plasma frequency allows us to study phase correlations over the whole vortex solid state and to extract a wandering length r(w) of vortex pancakes. The temperature dependence of r(w) as well as its increase with dc magnetic field is explained by the renormalization of the vortex line tension by the fluctuations, suggesting that this softening is responsible for the dissociation of the vortices at the first order transition.     

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/NdGaO3(001)薄膜中外延应变诱导的各向异性磁阻效应

本文使用脉冲激光沉积方法在正交的NdGaO3(001)衬底上外延生长了La0.67Cao.33MnO3薄膜.退火后,由于外延应变引起薄膜正交畸变增强,薄膜在低于250K的整个温度区间都出现了铁磁金属态和反铁磁绝缘态的相分离和相竞争.这两相的竞争强烈依赖于磁场相对晶轴的方向,由此导致存在于很宽温度范围内的低场各向异性磁阻...     

Magnetic couplings in CsV(2)O(5): a new picture

Concerning its magnetic properties, the layered vanadate CsV(2)O(5) has long been considered as formed by isolated spin-1/2 dimers characterized by a large antiferromagnetic coupling of about 146 K. This interpretation was supported by both magnetic susceptibility measurements and the obvious presence of magnetically active strongly dimerized V(4+) ions. In this work we investigate the magnetic properties of this compound through an extensive use of the broken-symmetry formalism in the framework of density-functional theory. Our calculations demonstrate that the system is built from strongly dimerized alternating chains where the structural and magnetic dimers are distinct from each other.     

Temperature dependences of thermal expansion and saturation magnetization in Fe(67.0%)-Ni(32.5%)-Co(0.5%) Invar alloy with nanocrystalline structure

The effect of the nanocrystalline structure of Fe(67.0%)-Ni(32.5%)-Co(0.5%) Invar alloy on its thermal expansion is considered. It is found that the structure with grain mean sizes of about 100 nm increases its temperature coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of “invarness,” i.e., in the temperature range where the alloy offers the Invar properties. Reasons for this behavior are analyzed by taking the temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization.     

Lightest scalar in the SU(L)2 x SU(R)2 linear sigma model

We consider the lightest scalar meson in the frame of the SU(L)2 x SU(R)2 linear sigma model, keeping in mind that this model could be the low energy realization of two-flavor QCD. We show that the sigma field is described by its four-quark component at least in the sigma resonance energy (virtuality) region and the sigma-->gammagamma decay is the four-quark transition. We emphasize that residues of the sigma pole in the pipi-->pipi and gammagamma-->pipi amplitudes do not give an idea about the sigma meson nature, and the progress in studying the sigma meson production mechanisms in different processes could essentially further us in understanding its nature.     

Noise in the wire: The real impact of wire resistance for the Johnson(-like) noise based secure communicator

We re-evaluate the impact of wire resistance on the noise voltage and current in the Johnson(-like) noise based secure communicator, correcting the result presented in [J. Scheuer, A. Yariv, Phys. Lett. A 359 (2006) 737]. The analysis shown here is based on the fluctuation-dissipation and the linear response theorems. The results indicate that the impact of wire resistance in practical communicators is significantly lower than the previous estimation.     

Nuclear level mixing resonances (LMR)

The recently developed Level Mixing Resonance method for the measurement of hyperfine interactions turns out to be a very useful complement to the other methods. Especially in the “difficult” cases, e.g. When the lifetime of the isomer under consideration is very long or when its spin is very high, this new method can yield valuable, otherwise inaccessible, information. In this paper the concept of this method is briefly presented and some of the recent experiments are described.     

三螺旋DNA分子poly(dT)·poly(dA)·poly(dT)的构型和振动谱

我们计算了ｐｏｌｙ（ｄＴ）·ｐｏｌｙ（ｄＡ）·ｐｏｌｙ（ｄＴ）的Ｈｏｗａｒｄ模型的原子笛卡尔坐标，并利用晶格动力学方法对模型进行了简正分析。结果发现其０ Ｐ ０对称振动模式位于８０４ｃｍ－１，这和８１０ｃｍ－１附近没有拉曼和红外谱线的实验结果不符。在８００～１０００ｃｍ－１的范围内只有四个振动模式，明显少于拉曼和红外光谱在该范围内的谱线数目。所以我们认为Ｈｏｗａｒｄ模型需要进一步地完善和修正，ｐｏｌｙ（ｄＴ）·ｐｏｌｙ（ｄＡ）·ｐｏｌｙ（ｄＴ）必须具有三条不完全一致的脊骨     

The Devil in the (Implicit) Details

The black hole information loss paradox has long been one of the most studied and fascinating aspects of black hole physics. In its latest incarnation, it takes the form of the firewall paradox. In this paper, we first give a conceptually oriented presentation of the paradox, based on the notion of causal structure. We then suggest a possible strategy for its resolutions and see that the core idea behind it is that there are connections that are non- local for semiclassical physics which have nonetheless to be taken into account when studying black holes. We see how to concretely implement this strategy in some physical models connected to the ER=EPR conjecture.

     

Boundary A1(1) Face Model

In this paper, we study the boundary state and its dual state in A₁⁽¹⁾ face model with a fixed boundary weight condition, which corresponds to the diagonal solution to boundary Yang-Baxter equation in face model. We also give the correlation functions in this boundary A₁⁽¹⁾ face model.     

SU(2) Lattice gauge theory in (2+1)D

Cluster expansion methods are applied to theSU(2) lattice gauge model in (2+1) dimensions. Strong-coupling series are calculated for the vacuum energy per site, the axial string tension, and the scalar mass gap; while ELCE approximants are used to estimate the string tension beyond its roughening transition. The simple scaling behaviour expected of this super-renormalizable theory is clearly seen, and we estimate that in the continuum limit the string tension σ～(0.14±0.01)g ⁴, while the mass gapM _s ～(2.2±0.25)g ². More accurate Monte Carlo simulations are needed to check the universality between the Hamiltonian and Euclidean versions of this model.     

Fourier Transform Infrared Evolved Gas Analysis (FT-IR-EGA)

Abstract

Since their commercial introduction, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers have enabled a variety of new infrared applications not possible or practical with other spectrophotometers. One such application—evolved gas analysis (EGA)—has received relatively little attention although its potential is quite significant. Within this text, a discussion of the background of Fourier transform infrared evolved gas analysis (FT-IR-EGA), the experimental considerations of this technique, and some application areas for this technique will be presented. Because of the small number of references on this technique and its use, the predominant portion of the latter two topics will be based upon activities within our laboratory at Philip Morris.