QSN750直读光谱仪异常现象的处理

介绍了德国OBLF公司生产的QSN750型光电直读光谱仪的几种常见异常故障现象,分析了这些异常现象的产生原因,提出了多年来一些经验上的处理方法,较好地解决了因直读光谱仪故障而出现的问题.     

ARL4460直读光谱仪故障的排除

直读光谱仪是快速分析金属材料常用仪器之一,其分析方法国家早已制定出相应标准.它具有快速、准确、精度高、操作简单等特点,是化学分析方法无法比拟的.     

电弧直读光谱仪的开发与应用

介绍一种国内首创的电弧直读光谱仪。该仪器由交/直流电弧激发光源、凹面光栅分光系统、光电倍增管接收器及智能测控系统所组成。研制成功地质样品专用的"交流电弧直读光谱仪"和高纯金属专用的"直流电弧直读光谱仪"可取代1m或2m光栅摄谱仪,省去了光谱相板、洗相及译谱等繁琐的操作程序。在优化的分析条件下,可直接对粉末状地球化学样品及高纯金属氧化物中的多种微量元素同时进行直读光谱测定,具有灵敏、准确、快速的特点,各项技术指标符合所属领域的"国家标准"及"行业规范"的要求。现已有多家使用单位采用"交流电弧直读光谱仪"分析了十几万件地球化学样品中的银、锡和硼等元素,取得了良好的应用效果。     

攀钢在国际上率先实现氯化物夹杂的快速分析

攀钢钢研院冶金产品检验室科技人员经过三年的潜心研究。自主开发了直读光谱仪和X射线荧光光谱仪的新功能获得成功，在国际上率先实现了对钢中氧化物夹杂的快速分析。     

发射光谱仪检定规程的探讨和应用

《发射光谱仪检定规程》是计量部门检定/校准电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、直读光谱仪及摄谱仪的重要依据,对规程进行了探讨,包括检定前的准备、测量数据的判断、标准物质的选择及计量性能的要求,提出了直读光谱仪应用于其它非冶金材料时的计量性能指标,如铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金、锌及锌合金等的成分分析。发射光谱仪检定规程也可以应用于油液分析用原子发射光谱仪、辉光放电发射光谱仪、金属原位分析仪、手持式合金分析仪、激光诱导击穿光谱仪等仪器的检定/校准,可作为计量人员的参考依据。     

Foundrymate真空型光谱仪在铸造不锈钢炉前分析中的应用

ＢａｒｉｄＦｏｕｎｄｒｙｍａｔｅ台式火花直读光谱仪采用了全新的电子系统,提高了分析精密度。在频快速不锈钢的炉前分析中,Ｆｏｕｎｄｒｙｍａｔｅ光谱仪对铸不锈钢中多元素的同时测定快速、准确、克服了化学分析方法存在的问题。并就影响Ｆｏｕｎｄｒｙｍａｔｅ光谱仪对样品分析的准确度与精密度的主要因素进行了分析讨论。     

自改造金属直读光电光谱仪的应用

DV-6SN金属直读光电光谱仪经过十几年运转,在硬件上出现老化问题,设备故障率不断,配件短缺,不能正常使用,软件不能适应检测数据信息化的要求。光谱仪经过软件、硬件的改造,在确保仪器分析精度不降低的前提下,通过改造升级旧光谱仪器的计算机控制系统、数据采集系统等;真空泵,部分有问题配件国产化改造,并配备新开发的光谱分析专用软件,能实现金属直读光谱仪正常运行,提高检测准确度,提高工作效率,旧光谱仪器获得新生,实现仪器的全面信息化数字化管理。     

金属光电光谱仪软件、硬件改造

DV-6SN金属直读光电光谱仪经过十几年运转, 在硬件上出现老化问题,设备故障率不断,配件短缺,不能正常使用,软件不能适应检测数据信息化的要求。光谱仪经过软件、硬件的改造,在确保仪器分析精度不降低的前提下,通过改造升级旧光谱仪器的计算机控制系统、数据采集系统等,真空泵,部分有问题配件国产化改造,并配备新开发的光谱分析专用软件,能实现金属直读光谱仪正常运行,提高检测准确度,提高工作效率,旧光谱仪器获得新生,实现仪器的全面信息化数字化管理。     

电子计算机控制的光电直读光谱仪

电子计算机控制的光电直读光谱仪具有快速、准确、操作简便、同时进行多元素分析等优点。这种仪器在国外已广泛地用于金属合金等样品的快速分析。在国内由于某些关键问题未得到解决,因此还没有研制成这种类型的仪器。1977年末我们开始研制小型电子计算机控制的光电直读光谱仪。所用电子计算机为吉林大学与应化所于1975年试制成的JY-1型电子计算机。整个工作包括光电光谱仪、测光电子柜、接口设计制造、程序设计及分析方法。在联机试制过程中解决了一些技术上的关键问题,于1981年5月在国内首次实现了电子计算机控制的光电直读光谱仪的自动操作,并进行了数种实际样品分析,现将各部分叙述如下。     

JS-10A型电子计算机在E-600光电光谱仪上的应用

光电直读光谱仪是分析钢铁化学成份的一种快速分析仪器。过去一直沿用几个标准电极绘制工作曲线,从工作曲线上查出试样中各对应化学元素的成份,这种分析方法工作量大,并且容易出错,不能适应快速的炉前分析。为了提高工效和分析结果的准确度,我们采用JS-10A小型工业电子计算机配合E-600光电直读光谱仪,在生产实践中取得了一定效果。 (一)计算机与光谱仪的连接 1.框图: 程序通过光电输入机输入到计算机,光谱仪     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。