Equilibrium studies on Schiff base complexes of copper(II) and nickel(II): Ligand substitution and formation of mixed ligand complexes

Summary Vis spectrophotometry has been used to study various ligand substitution equilibria (1) and (2) involving four-coordinate copper(II) and nickel(II) his chelate complexes in methanol, propan-2-ol and toluene. MA₂ + HB MAB+HA, K₁ (1) MAB + HB MB₂ + HA, K₂ (2) The Schiff base ligands, HA and HB, which are monobasic and bidentate, represent salicylaldimine type N,O-ligands ( HSA=NR) (1) or pyrrole-2-aldimine type N,N-ligands ( HPA=NR) (2) with different branching at the - or (3-carbon of the organic group R. For both types of ligand the relative thermodynamic stability of their copper and nickel complexes is governed mainly by the steric demands of R, which determine the degree of tetrahedral distortion. The order of stability as given by = K₁ K₂ is: t-Bu < neo-Pent < i-Pr < i-Bu < Et < n-Pr. The K₁/K₂ ratio is strongly solvent dependent in the sense that the mixed ligand species MAB is stabilised in toluene relative to methanol. Such a solvent effect is not observed for . The MAB complexes could not be isolated. The vis spectrum of the mixed ligand species Ni(SA=NiPr, SA=NEt) was calculated by computer fitting of the experimental data.     

Spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies on solvatochromic nickel(II) complexes

Summary The solvatochromic and thermochromic behaviour of a series of mixed Ni(II) complexes with unsubstituted and substituted -diketones and diamines in the solvents 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), acetonitrile (An), acetone (AC),n-butanol (n-BuOH), formamide (FA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and pyridine (PY) has been studied and characterized on the basis of electronic spectra. Spectrophotometric methods have been used to evaluate equilibrium constants and their enthalpic and entropic terms for the formation of Ni(-dik)(diam)L ⁺ and Ni(-dik)(diam)L ₂ ⁺ . Increasing donor strength of the donor-solvents (L) and (or) increasing electronwithdrawing parameters of the substituents at the -diketone and the diamine ligands lead to increasing formation constants, paralleled by relative increase in the stability of the five-coordinated species Ni(-dik)(diam)L ⁺. The results are discussed in terms of the extended donor-acceptor concept.On leave of absence from the Faculty of Education, Ain Schams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt     

Octahedral and tetrahedral configuration changes of nickel(II) chloro complexes from spectrophotometric studies in aprotic solvents

Four NiII chloro complexes were identified spectrophotometrically in aprotic media such as DMSO, DMF and propylene carbonate for the first time. An original multiwavelength numerical treatment, based on a Marquardt method, results in the determination of the individual electronic spectra of the mononuclear chloro complexes and of their stability constants, the values of which indicate the presence of rather weak complexes in DMSO and DMF, much stronger in the less solvating propylene carbonate solvent. The overall stability constants calculated for the NiII chloro complexes are: 1=52, 2=140, 3=160, 4=210 in DMSO, 1=60, 2=110, 3=900, 4=15000 in DMF, 1=1.6×109, 2=6.4×1015, 3=2.7×1021, 4= 5.1×1026 in PC.The solvent effect is discussed in terms of the quantitative results obtained from this spectrophotometric study and reveals that the stability of the complexes is an inverse function of the donor properties of the solvent. This result illustrates the general behavior of complex formation in dipolar aprotic solvents, i.e. the substitution of one solvent molecule in the inner coordination sphere by the ligand is easier if the solvation strength of the solvent is lower. The solvent effect is also described in terms of the variation of shifts of the calculated absorption maxima for the individual electronic spectra of the chloro complexes. This result is used to identify clearly at which step of coordination the octahedral configuration of the nickel ion changes to the tetrahedral configuration, by comparison with the well-known structural properties of these complexes in the solid state.     

Nickel(II) complexes of anti-2-furancarboxaldoxime

Five different complexes of nickel(II) withanti-2-furancarboxaldoxime (-FDH) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weights, conductance studies, magnetic moments and infra-red spectral studies. These are [Ni(FDH)₄Cl₂], [Ni(FD)₂(FDH)], [Ni(FD)₂(FDH)₂], [Ni(FD)₂·en], and [Ni(FD)₂]. All the complexes are neutral monomeric, paramagnetic (=3.3–3.7 B) and may be considered octahedral except the complex [Ni(FD)₂], (=2.92 B) which is tetrahedral. In these complexes the ligand functions as a monodentate and/or bidentate, coordinating with furan oxygen and oxime oxygen in the latter case. The ligand has been shown to be present in the ionized, and/or unionized form in these complexes.     

Nickel(II) complexes of β-N-alkylimme arylhydrazones

Summary -N-alkylimine arylhydrazone ligand complexes of nickel(II) have been synthesised by metal template reactions. The azomethine nitrogen and the a-nitrogen of the arylhydrazone coordinate to the metal with square-planar geometry around the nickel(II) ion. Structures have been proposed based on the spectral properties of the complexes.Reprints of this article are not available.     

Synthesis and structure of mixed ligand isonitroso-β-ketoiminenickel(II) complexes. Crystal structure of (1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-npropylimino-1-propanoneoximato) (1-methoxycarbonyl-2-imino-1-propanoneoximato)nickel(II)

Summary Mixed ligand complexes of the type Ni(R-AB)(AC) and Ni(R-AC)(AB) where AB/AC denote N-bonded isonitroso-ketoimino ligands, AB/AC denote the corresponding O-bonded ligands and R=Me, Et, n-Pr are synthesised and characterised. The complexes are neutral with square planar geometry around nickel(II). The bonding isomerism of the isonitroso group is discussed on the basis of i.r. and¹H n.m.r. studies. The crystal structure of the title complex, Ni(n-Pr-IEAI)(IMAI) has been determined from diffractometer data by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by least squares to R=0.088 for 2209 observed reflections. Unit cell constants are: a=11.945(2), b=22.436(7), c=13.248(5) Å, =95.13(2)°. The space group is P2₁/c with Z=8. Nickel(II) has a square planar coordination of two imine nitrogens, an isonitroso-nitrogen (from n-Pr-IEAI) and another isonitrosooxygen (from IMAI).Presented at the XX-ICCC, Calcutta, Dec. 1979.     

Morpholine complexes of copper(II) alkanoates and chloroacetates

Summary Morpholine complexes of copper(II) alkanoates and chloroacetates of formula Cu(O₂CR)₂(Morph)_n (where R = H, Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, i-Bu, CH₂Cl, CHCl₂ and CCl₃; Morph = Morpholine and n=1 and/or 2) have been isolated by the direct interaction of morpholine with the respective copper(II) carboxylates in a suitable organic medium and characterized by elemental analyses and various physicochemical techniques. Molecular weight determinations show that 11 complexes are dimeric whereas 21 complexes are monomeric in solution. Electronic spectra and magnetic moments suggest that 11 complexes are dinuclear carboxylate bridged species while 21 addition complexes have atrans-octahedral configuration. The i.r. spectra indicate that morpholine behaves as a monodentate ligand and coordinates through its nitrogen atom.     

Cyanato-copper(II) complexes with organic ligands,Part XXIII. Properties and structure characterization of cyanato-copper(II) complexes with aminopyridines

Summary New cyanato-copper(II) complexes with aminopyridines (ampy) were prepared and studied;viz. Cu(NCO)₂(3-ampy)₂ (- and -form), Cu(NCO)₂(3-ampy)₂(H₂O), Cu(NCO)₂(4ampy)₂, and Cu(NCO)₂(2-ampy). According to physical results, the Cu(NCO)₂L₂ complexes exhibitpseudo-octahedral structures with amine nitrogens or cyanate oxygens occupying axial sites. For - and -Cu(NCO)₂(3-ampy)₂ the crystal structure reorganization is connected with a change in axial distortion. The compound Cu(NCO)₂(2-ampy) is square pyramidal or — more probably — rhombic octahedral and its strong antiferromagnetism reveals the N-bridging function of the NCO groups.Part XXII, Ref. 9.     

An infrared and electronic spectroscopic study of a series of nickel(II) amine complexes

Summary Qualitative infrared and electronic spectroscopic data for a series of nickel(II) amine complexes suggest structures involving octahedral (transtetragonal) symmetry and associated with varying degrees of cation-anion interaction. N-methyl ligand substituents contribute significantly to ligand conformations, complex symmetry, and cation-anion steric interactions. From the electronic data, the parametersDq,B,C,C/B, ₃₅, andZ* are determined for each complex and a spectrochemical and nephelauxetic series is proposed for the associated amine ligands.

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Infrarot- und elektronenspektroskopische Untersuchungen einer Reihe von Nickel(II)-Amin-Komplexen

Zusammenfassung Die qualitative Auswertung von Daten aus Infrarot- und Elektronenspektroskopie von Nickel(II)-Amin-Komplexen erlaubte die Zuordnung einer oktaedrischen (trans-tetragonalen) Symmetrie mit verschieden abgestuften Kation-Anion-Wechselwirkungen. Substituenten am N-Methyl-Liganden tragen signifikant zur Ligandenkonformation, Komplexsymmetrie und Kation-Anion-Wechselwirkung bei. Aus den elektronenspektroskopischen Daten wurden die ParameterDq,B,C,C/B, ₃₅ undZ* für jeden Komplex bestimmt und als Kriterium für eine Reihung der Aminliganden herangezogen.

     

Kinetic studies on the formation of ternary complexes in the reaction of diaquonitrilotriacetatonickelate(II) with amino acids in aqueous solution

Summary Kinetics of formation of ternary complexes in the reaction of Ni(NTA)(H₂O) ₂ ^– with several amino acids, LH^± (glycine, -alanine, -alanine, L-valine and L-phenylalanine) have been studied by a pH indicator method using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The results conform to 1/k_obs = 1/k + [H⁺]/ kKT_L where K is the equilibrium constant for formation of Ni(NTA)(–L)(H₂O)^2–, and k is the specific rate constant for the subsequent rate-determining ring-closure step leading to Ni(NTA)(=L)^2–. For the different amino acids studied, the k values decrease in the sequence: glycine > -alanine > L-phenylalanine > L-valine > -alanine. These k values areca. 1000 times lower than the values for complexation of Ni(NTA)(H₂O) ₂ ^– with NH₃ and imidazole and the spread in k values is much less than the pK_a values of the amino acids. The relative rates are enthalpy controlled and the S values are highly negative in conformity with ring closure as the rate determining step.     

Metal complexes of sulphur-nitrogen chelating agents. Part 14. Nickel(II), palladium(II), copper(II), cobalt(II), and cobalt(III) complexes of the tetradentate schiff bases having ONNS donor sites

Summary Complexes of nickel(II), palladium(II), copper(II), cobalt(II), and cobalt(III) with methyl-2-(-salicylaldiminoethyl)-cyclopent-1-en-dithiocarboxylate (H₂L¹) and methyl-2-(-salicylaldiminoisopropyl)cyclopent-1-en-dithiocarboxylate (H₂L²) have been prepared. They contain the donor sites ONNS. The metal(II) ions from neutral, monomeric square planar chelate complexes. The cobalt(III) complexes [CoL¹-(H₂O)₂]X (X=Cl or ClO₄) appear to betrans-diaqua-species. All compounds have been characterized by a number of physico-chemical methods.     

Organometallic complexes containing thiosemicarbazone and related ligands. Part II(1). η3-allyl dicarbonyl complexes of molybdenum(II) with attached thiosemicarbazone ligands

Summary The -allylmolybdenum(II) complexes [MoX(CO)₂-(NCMe)₂(³-C₃H₄R)] (X=Cl, Br and I; R=H and 2-Me) react either in dichloromethane or acetonitrile with thiosemicarbazones to give the new complexes [MoX-(CO)₂(RRCNNHCSNH₂)(³-C₃H₄R)] (R=H or Me; R'=Me, Et, Pr or Ph)via displacement of acetonitrile ligands.     

Diolefin rhodium(I) complexes with tropolone and related ligands

Summary Rhodium(I) tropolonate and salicylaldehydate complexes of the general formula Rh(A)(diolefin) (A = tropolonate, -iso-propyltropolonate, -methyltropolonate and salicylaldehydate; diolefin = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 2,5-norbornadiene and tetrafluorobenzobarrelene) have been prepared by several routes. The ability of Rh(trop)(COD) to function as an intermediate for the synthesis of other neutral and cationic rhodium(I) complexes has been studied and its hydroformylation activity has been explored briefly.     

Synthesis of new dinuclear dicopper(II) and dinickel(II) complexes. The kinetics of catechol oxidase and electrochemistry of a dicopper(II) complex

A new dinuclear ligand L, ethylene[OO-bis-salicylidene--diketone] bearing two symmetrical coordination sites was synthesized by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and acetylacetone, L, with 1,2-dibromoethane under reflux. The ligand L in a 1:1 ratio was treated with CuCl₂ and NiCl₂ to yield the complexes, tetrachloro bis[OO-bis- salicylidene--diketone copper(II)] and bis[OO-bis-salicylidene--diketone nickel(II)] chloride. The complexes were subsequently characterized by spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, i.r., ¹H-n.m.r., ¹³C-n.m.r., u.v.–vis., e.p.r. spectroscopy, and conductance measurements. The conductance measurements in DMF reveal that the Cu^II complex is covalent while the Ni^II complex is ionic and the spectral data support the Cu^II complex to be distorted octahedral whereas the Ni^II complex has square-planar geometry. The dioxygen binding was studied spectrophotometrically by the oxidation of tetrachloro bis[OO-bis-salicylidene--diketone copper(II)] with pyrocatechol in the presence of oxygen. The kinetic experiments were performed with the copper complex in DMF by monitoring the increase in absorbance over time at pH 8.0 in the presence of pyrocatechol at 25 °C. The kinetic parameters V_max and K_M were determined on the Michaelis–Menten Approach. Redox behavior of the dinuclear copper(II) complex was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in the presence of O₂ with the pyrocatechol (substrate) and also without the substrate. The large difference in potentials E⁰ is indicative of reversible oxygen binding of the complex and distinct catalytic activity.     

Synthesis and spectral studies of chromium(III), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes with phenylhydrazonoamidoxime

Summary Mononuclear complexes of chromium(III), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) derived from 3-oxo-2-phenylhydrazonobutane1-carbamidoxime (OPCA) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements and electronic and i.r. studies. The chromium(III) and nickel(II) ions form 1:2 complexes, whereas cobalt(II) forms a 1:1 complex in which the ligand chelates through the nitrogen of the amidoxime and the carbonyl oxygen. An octahedral structure is assigned to these complexes and the ligand field parameters such as Dq, B and were calculated. The nephelexautic parameter, , has values of 0.68, 0.84 and 0.78 for the chromium(III), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes, respectively, suggesting the presence of covalent metal-ligand -bonds.     

Synthesis and properties of some chromium(III) β-diketonate complexes

Summary Equimolar quantities of CrCl₃ · 3THF and-diketones, -dkH, react to yield CrCl₂(-dk) · 2THF and CrCl₂(-dk) · THF complexes in coordinating and noncoordinating solvents respectively. For 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 molar ratios of reactants, derivatives of general formulae CrCl(-dk)₂ and Cr(-dk)₃ (where-dkH = acerylacetrrnc, benzoylacetonc and dibenzoylmethane) have been isolated. All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weights and by i.r. spectra.     

Crystal structures of heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin complexes with (R)- and (S)-Flurbiprofen

Hepatakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)--cyclodextrin (TM--CDx) forms crystalline complexes with (R)-Flubiprofen (R-FP), C₆₃H₁₁₂O₃₅C₁₅H₁₃O₂F·H₂O, and (S)-Flurbiprofen (S-FP), C₆₃H₁₁₂O₃₅C₁₅H₁₃O₂F. The crystal structures were determined by X-ray analysis. Crystals of both compounds are orthorhombic and the space group isP2₁2₁2₁ with cell dimensions:a=15.092(2),b=21.714(3), andc=28.269(4) Å for theR-FP complex, anda=15.271(2),b=21.451(3) andc=27.895(3) Å for theS-FP complex. The macrocyclic ring of TM--CDx is markedly distorted because of the inability to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the steric hindrance involving methyl groups. In both complexes, the phenyl group is inserted into the host cavity from the O(2), O(3) side, which is wider than the O(6) side. The biphenyl moiety ofR-FP is fixed in theR-configuration within the host cavity. The phenyl group ofS-FP is disordered, andR-andS-configurations are statistically distributed with equal probability. TM--CDx molecules are stacked along theb axis to form a column structure. The TM--CDx molecule is laterally shifted with respect to the column axis, and a half of the guest molecule protrudes outside from the crevis of the column. The carboxyl group ofR-FP forms a hydrogen bond with water located outside the host cavity, while the carboxyl group ofS-FP is hydrogen-bonded to an oxygen atom of an adjacent TM--CDx. Supplementary Data relating to this article are deposited with the British Library as Supplementary Publication No. SUP 82064 (24 pages).     

Synthesis and structure of dimeric bis(isothiocyanato)tris (4-methylpyridine)nickel (II)

Summary The Ni₂(NCS)₄(4-Methylpyridine)6 complex has been prepared crystalline from methanolic solutions of Ni(NCS)2(4-Methylpyridine)4. Three dimensional x-ray diffraction data were collected by means of an automated single crystal diffractometer. The structure was solved by Patterson methods and refined to a final R value of 0.075, based on 2422 observed_ reflections. The compound crystallizes in space group P1 with one dimeric molecule in a unit cell of dimensions a = 10.57(1), 6 = 14.06(1), c = 8.66(1) Å, = 105.2(1), = 114.8(1), y = 95.6(1)°. The Ni atoms have distorted octahedral coordination with one sulfur and five nitrogen atoms - two of the four thiocyanate groups form a double bridge between the neighbouring Ni atoms.4-MePy = 4-Methylpyridine     

Violurato complexes of nickel(II). Formation equilibria. Deprotonation equilibria of the coordinated ligands and related stereochemical changes

Summary The formation equilibria of nickel(II) violurato-complexes in water and dimethylsulphoxide-water (8020) as well as deprotonation of the coordinated ligands and related stereochemical changes are reported. The stability constants of the Ni²⁺-H₂V^– complexes log₁=5.06, Iog₂=9.38, log₃=12.98 as well as the acidity constants of the [Ni(H₂V)₃]^– complex, log_j1= 8.37, log_j2=15.76, log_j3=22.37 are determined at 25 °C and 0.1M NaClO₄. A new violurato-complex of Ni²⁺, Na₄[Ni(HV)₃]5H₂O, is isolated and characterized.     

Copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes of 1-(3-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-5-(p-X-phenyl)pent-4-ene-1,3-diones

Complexes of 1-(3-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-5-(p-X-phenyl)pent-4-ene-1, 3-diones (HXNP) (X = H, Cl, Me or OMe) with divalent metal ions, having the formula M(HXNP)2 (M = Cu, Ni or Co) and M(HXNP)2 · nB (n = 0,2: B = H2O or Py), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, i.r., electronic, 1H-n.m.r. and e.s.r. spectroscopies and by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Spectral assignments show the metal ions to be coordinated through both carbonyl oxygen atoms and the effect of conjugation of the ligand structure (d–* interaction) is strong enough to stabilize the metal ligand bond. The observed hyperfine splitting constants and magnetic moments suggest that the copper complexes are monomers with a slightly distorted planar structure, having more covalent in plane -bonding. The magnetic and spectral properties of the dihydrates and dipyridinates of the cobalt and nickel complexes are commensurate with monomeric high-spin octahedral geometries; polymerization takes place on dehydration–depyridination of nickel(II) complexes. Oxovanadyl complexes of these -diketones have also been prepared; the ligand-to-metal ratio is 2:1 with square pyramidal geometry. The e.s.r. spectra of the complexes show the presence of one unpaired electron in the dxy orbital and the hyperfine splitting constants are sensitive to a change in solvent. The effect of bases on the redox behaviour of copper(II) complexes owing to geometry change is discussed.