用有效哈密顿方法计算氢原子的斯塔克效应

本文应用有效哈密顿方法，在准确到二级近似的条件下，计算了氢原子第一激发能级在外电场中的分裂，为分析强场下的斯塔克效应提供了一个理论基础。     

氦原子1s2s组态的斯塔克效应

以有效哈密顿方法为基础,对氦原子1s2s组态的斯塔克效应进行了理论计算.计算结果表明,在二级近似下,氦原子1s2s能级结构发生非线性偏离,偏离的程度随着电场强度的增加而增大.     

极性半导体的表面电子

有不少的极性半导休,电子与表面声学声子和体纵光学声子的耦合弱,但与表面光学声手的耦台强.本文同时考虑体纵光学声子、表面光学声子以及表面声学声予的影响,研究这类半导体的表面电予的性质,采用线性组合算符和拉格朗日乘子法,导出其有效哈密顿量和重正化质量。     

矩阵对角化方法研究~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子的超精细结构

采用矩阵对角化方法计算了~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子的超精细结构能级,借助有效哈密顿算符获得了~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子基态超精细能级的本征值.计算结果表明,得到的跃迁光谱数据与实验值符合的很好,误差仅在0 k Hz～90 k Hz,并好于之前的理论计算值.希望这些数据能为以后激光冷却~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子提供有力的理论依据.     

CO分子的A1Π(v=1)对d3∆(v=5)态的微扰研究

CO谱带的微扰给谱线的标识和分析带来挑战.这里针对CO A1Π(v=1)对d3∆(v=5)态的微扰,首先采用有效哈密顿矩阵的方法重新分析了d3∆—a3Π(5,0)带高精度的涉及d3∆2和d3∆3的振转光谱数据,发现A1Π的微扰可忽略不计.进一步理论计算了由A1Π的微扰产生的d3∆的∆1,∆2和∆3的转动能级移动和d3∆—a3Π(5,0)光谱强度的变化.发现∆1的能级移动最大,最大可达4 cm-1,这个能级移动随J值的增大而减小;对∆2和∆3的影响在J小时可忽略不计.光谱强度的改变有类似的变化趋势,涉及到∆1的d3∆1—a3Π光谱强度减小量最大可达20%,随J的增大,此减小量变小;对涉及∆2和∆3的光谱强度此微扰可忽略不计,从而给出了上面实验数据分析中不考虑微扰的原因.     

CO分子的A^1Π（v=1）对d^3△（v=5）态的微扰研究

CO谱带的微扰给谱线的标识和分析带来挑战.这里针对CO A1Ⅱ(v=1)对d3△(v=5)态的徵扰,首先采用有效哈密顿矩阵的方法重新分析了d3△-a3Ⅱ(5,0)带高精度的涉及d3△2和d3△3的振转光谱数据,发现A1Ⅱ的微扰可忽略不计.进一步理论计算了由A1Ⅱ的微扰产生的d3△的△1,△2和△3的转动能级移动扣d3△-a3Ⅱ(5,0)光谱强度的变化.发现△1的能级移动最大,最大可达4 cm-1,这个能级移动随J值的增大而减小;对△2和△3的影响在J小时可忽略不计.光谱强度的改变有类似的变化趋势,涉及到△1的d3△1-a3Ⅱ光谱强度减小量最大可达20%,随J的增大,此减小量变小;对涉及△2和△3的光谱强度此微扰可忽略不计,从而给出了上面实验数据分析中不考虑微扰的原因.     

双轴晶体内外偏振光传播方向的普遍计算

就任意方向的光线入射到任意取向的双轴晶体上的情况,求得了晶体内外偏振光传播方向的普遍计算公式,并就过渡到单轴晶体的情况,折射线在入射面内以及锥形折射情况作了研究。最后,就冰洲石、结晶硫的相应计算数据,画出了晶体转动时晶体中偏振光的方位曲线,加以讨论。本文结果为研究新的晶体光学元件、新的晶体常数测量方法提供了一个理论依据。     

隧道磁电阻效应中的两种不同的理论方法

使用两种不同的理论方法来计算磁性隧道结中的隧道磁电阻.结果显示,Slonczewski模型得出的隧道磁电阻比Julliere公式得到的要大得多.在Slonczewski模型中,当两边铁磁体的磁化方向相反时,为了确保平行于界面方向上的动量守恒,费米面上的电子只有一部分参与了隧穿过程;而在隧道哈密顿方法中,则假设费米面上所有的电子都参与了.还发现,在Slonczewski模型中,使用δ势垒与使用方势垒所求得的隧道磁电阻的差别是不大的 关键词： 隧道磁电阻 Slonczewski模型 隧道哈密顿方法 势垒     

Muon与Tau中微子的运动学有效质量及其不可探测性

利用最新的WMAP观测数据推导出电子、Muon和Tau中微子的运动学有效质量的一般上限:e2+μ2+τ2=m12+m22+m32<0.5eV2,或α<0.71eV(其中α=e,μ,τ)。考虑现有中微子振荡的实验数据,进一步得到e<0.24eV以及μ≈τ<0.24eV. 因此有效质量_μ和_τ太小而无法被探测.     

电子储存环中插入元件的非线性束流动力学的Lie代数方法

介绍了用能保证哈密顿系统“辛”性质的Lie映射方法来研究电子储存环中的插入元件对束流动力学的影响.并以此方法对合肥光源中将要安装的波荡器UD?–?1对储存环的影响作了初步的研究     

高温下弱电相变的自洽研究

通过对蝌蚪图中的硬热圈重求和的方法自洽地计算了标准模型在有中性流作用下的高温有效势到(λ^3/2,g³,g^'3)级,克服了通常计算中存在的困难,证明了弱电相变是一级相变并给出了临界温度.     

Spurious Center of Mass Effects in Electroweak Decays

The microscopic treatment of the spurious motion of the center of mass in nuclear many-body systems is reviewed. In this talk we present and compare the results of using the counterterms which are needed to fulfill the translational and Galilean invariances, and those obtained by using collective variables. The formalism is applied to the calculation of matrix elements of electroweak operators, as those which are active in the (^-, e^-) conversion process.     

Global Electroweak Fit and Its Implication for Z'

Among the Z-pole observables, AFB^（0,b） and Ae display moderately large standard deviations from the Standard Model predictions. This result can be interpreted as independent experimental evidence for new physics beyond the SM, even if the 125 GeV Higgs-like boson at the LHC is ultimately confirmed as the SM Higgs. A recalculated global electroweak fit with a model-independent Z＇ shows that Z＇ can simultaneously suppress AFB（0,b） and Ae at the Z-pole, and reduce the largest deviation from 2.6σ in SM to 1.0σ in our scenario. The Z＇ fitting results also support a negative S parameter.     

Topological Dark Matter from the Theory of Composite Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

The lightest electroweak baryon as a topological object is investigated by using a general effective Lagrangian of composite electroweak symmetry breaking and the spin-independent electroweak baryon-nucleon scattering cross section is calculated. We explicitly show the masses of the electroweak baryons and the cross section as functions of the Peskin-Takeuchi S parameter and the ratio of the masses of axial-vector and vector composite bosons. We find that it is acceptable to regard the electroweak baryon as a dark matter candidate and the even number of technicolor is favored.     

时间相关外场中量子系统时间演化的辛格式

对显含时间的可分线性哈密顿系统构造了2阶模方守恒-辛格式和显式辛格式,并计算了1维有限宽无限深势阱中的电子与模拟激光场的相互作用,结果与理论分析一致。为数值研究时间相关外场中的量子系统,特别是强激光与原子相互作用提供了合理和有效的方法。     

Optical pumping in an organic crystal: quinoxaline in durene

Experiments have been performed to determine the path of entry into and exit from the phosphorescent triplet state T₀ of quinoxaline in a durene host. First of all the decay of phosphorescence after flash excitation was followed at 4.2 and 1.34 °K. It was found that for both perdeutero- and perhydroquinoxaline the lifetime is shortened by a factor of about three when the temperature is lowered from 4.2 to 1.34 °K. At 1.34 °K relaxation between the spin components (i.e. re-orientation of the triplet spin angular momentum) is slow relative to the decay, and the observed reduction in lifetime indicates that entry into and exit from T₀, are through the same spin component. Similar decay experiments were then carried out at 1.34 °K in a 10 kG magnetic field or in a somewhat weaker field so chosen that the effect of microwave saturation of one of the E.S.R. transitions between the components could be observed. From the results it follows that on intersystem crossing the molecules enter the manifold T₀ through the top zero-field component and thus initially have their spins aligned. Decay departs almost exclusively from the same component, even in the case of perhydroquinoxaline, where at least 45 per cent of it must be radiationless. The decay route agrees with out-of-plane polarization of phosphorescence for the free molecule. Finally, spin alignment on intersystem crossing is discussed from the theoretical point of view. It appears that the phenomenon is clear-cut only in molecules such as those of the aza-aromatics, where strong spin-orbit coupling of the atomic type occurs betwen ππ? and nπ? states.     

e~＋e~－→m（qq）＋ng过程的颜色等效哈密顿量

Ｌｕｎｄ模型中多部分子的动量分布是由ＰＱＣＤ得出，而这些部分子间的色弦结构则另外由唯象模型指派．从最近发展的ｅ＋ｅ－→ｍ（ｑ　）＋ｎｇ矩阵元递归形式，找出其颜色部分的等效哈密顿量Ｈｃ，研究了Ｈｃ矩阵元的基本性质，作为从ＰＱＣＤ统一研究多部分子间颜色组态及色相互作用的基础．     

通过形变势弱耦合表面极化子的性质

采用Huybrechts线性组合算符和幺正变换法,导出了晶体中电子与表面光学声子和表面声学声子均为弱耦合极化子的有效哈密顿量,并对两种极限情况进行了讨论。     

极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子

有不少的极性晶体,电子与表面光学(SO)声子耦合强,但与表面声学(SA)声子耦合弱.研究电子与SO声子耦合强,与SA声子耦合弱的极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子的性质.采用改进了的线性组合算符和微扰法导出了极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子的有效哈密顿量.在计及电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间的相互作用时,讨论对表面极化子的有效哈密顿量、有效质量和有效相互作用势的影响.     

Effective Gibbs State for Averaged Observables

We introduce the effective Gibbs state for the observables averaged with respect to fast free dynamics. We prove that the information loss due to the restriction of our measurement capabilities to such averaged observables is non-negative and discuss a thermodynamic role of it. We show that there are a lot of similarities between this effective Hamiltonian and the mean force Hamiltonian, which suggests a generalization of quantum thermodynamics including both cases. We also perturbatively calculate the effective Hamiltonian and correspondent corrections to the thermodynamic quantities and illustrate it with several examples.