公路隧道新型衬砌结构双孔开挖与支护方案的研究

论文以公路隧道为研究对象,取Ⅳ级围岩,利用有限元程序对台阶开挖法和环形开挖法进行了数值模拟,分析了其支护后衬砌结构的应力和变形特征.在此基础上,针对目前隧道衬砌结构在修建和运营过程中的不足,提出一种双孔支护方案,并进行了较系统的数值模拟.研究结果表明:环形开挖法的最大应力和位移明显小于台阶开挖法,双孔支护方案能很好地减小衬砌的受力和变形,为隧道的设计和施工提供一种新的思路.     

公路隧道围岩地质条件评价方法及其富溪隧道应用研究

为了达到快速、准确、可靠的围岩分类,有效指导隧道施工,在充分研究和吸取国内外有关围岩分类的经验和成果基础上,针对隧道施工期间的围岩类别鉴定方法,提出了一种可用于隧道施工期间围岩类别鉴定的快速分类方法,该方法以定量与定性相结合、多专家评分的方式在开挖掌子面现场进行观察、量测及评价,无需复杂试验或测量以及繁杂计算,可迅速得出评价结果。为了更加全面地反映隧道围岩情况,准确评价围岩工程性质,结合目前国际上流行的Q分类系统,在富溪隧道第一手实测资料的基础上,根据快速分类结果和Q指标分类结果对富溪隧道围岩条件进行综合评价,为其隧道施工提供了合理的支护参数。     

焊锡接点IMC层的扩散应力

钎焊过程中在焊锡接点中形成的金属间化合物(IMC)对焊锡接点可靠性具有重要影响.在原子扩散效应下,回流焊和等温时效过程中IMC层的生长会在其内部产生应力,其微结构也发生变化,致使IMC层和整个焊锡接点的力学性能下降.论文基于扩散反应机制,研究了由于原子扩散产生的IMC层的扩散应力.首先建立了描述焊锡接点IMC层生长早期微结构特征的2界面(Cu/Cu6 Sn5/Solder)分析模型,然后运用Laplace变换法求解扩散方程得到了Cu原了在IMC层中的浓度分布;采用把原子扩散作用转换为体应变方法,计算了IMC层在形成和生长过程中应力的解析解.结果表明:IMC层中的扩散应力为压应力,最大值位于Cu/IMC界面处,大小与扩散原子浓度密切相关;随着时效时间的增加,扩散应力增大,但最终趋于稳定并沿IMC厚度方向线性变化.     

滑坡地段隧道变形机理的模型试验研究

通过室内地质力学模型试验,研究了滑坡地段坡体变形与隧道的相互作用机理、围岩和衬砌压力的变化规律以及坡体和隧道的变形特征,着重研究了滑带土浸水软化及发生蠕变时坡体变形与隧道的相互作用关系。本文的成果可为该类病害的预测预报和有效整治提供科学依据。     

曲线公路隧道交通风力非稳态模拟研究

为分析小半径曲线隧道对交通风力的影响,采用移动网格和滑移交界面技术对半径600 m的曲线隧道和直线隧道进行三维非稳态数值计算.结果表明,采用动网格技术进行直线隧道交通风力计算结果与实验吻合;曲线隧道中,隧道断面风速分布表现出极不对称性,外侧风速较大,内侧较小;曲线隧道交通风力较直线隧道明显增大,汽车内车道行驶交通风力大于外车道行驶;曲线隧道中,汽车头部侧面出现了负压峰值,与直线隧道相比,该值较低,车身侧面压力沿纵向逐渐增大,汽车尾部背风面存在较低的负压区.     

气固射流加砂方式中颗粒速度场及浓度场的实验研究

将激光数字式粒子成像测速技术(DPIV)方法应用于砂尘环境实验中颗粒速度场及浓度场的实验研究,成功地对环境风洞中颗粒速度场及浓度分布进行了无干扰瞬态测量,实验结果较真实地反映了气固射流加砂方式中粒子速度场及浓度场的分布规律。文中所获得的规律性认识为我国自行研制大型砂尘实验设备,确定加砂/尘方法及实验段参数等提供了依据。     

铁路深埋隧道区岩溶发育特征研究

对圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段揭露溶洞进行分析的基础上 ,结合向斜区岩溶分布的勘察 ,对毛坝段深层岩溶发育特征及影响因素进行了研究。认为岩溶水在水力坡度或压力水头 ,尤其是水重力的作用下有不断向深层运移的趋势 ,所以在水具有侵蚀性的前提下 ,岩溶也具有向深层发育的趋势 ,并在厚层隔水底板及排泄基准面附近形成岩溶较发育带。而岩溶分布的层位及构造部位 ,在同一地质单元中的浅层和深层区具有类似性     

顶部重力加砂颗粒速度场及浓度场的实验研究

对砂尘环境试验设备顶部重力加砂气固两相流的颗粒速度场及浓度场进行了研究．利用中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所室内风沙环境风洞，采用激光数字式粒子成像测速技术(DPIV)，得到顺风向距加砂口不同水平距离截面位置颗粒相速度及空间分布规律．表明在顺风向距加砂口水平距离约3m左右处的位置，颗粒相速度才接近风洞风速，且粒子基本均匀扩散开，从而证明了国外砂尘实验设备的不合理性、为我国自行研制大型砂尘环境试验设备，确定加砂／尘方法及试验段参数等提供了依据．     

微小晶体生长过程的光学诊断实验研究

将光学干涉技术与显微技术相结合,应用计算机技术、图像处理技术发展形成一种实时细观诊断的实验方法──光学细观干涉诊断技术;实时观测了KCl晶体在容积为3mm×3mm×4.5mm的生长池内的结晶过程,得到了该过程的晶体的表面形貌、生长速率、以及晶体生长尺寸与时间、浓度与时间的定量的关系,观测到由重力引起的浮力对流现象,它直接影响晶体的生长．实验表明重力对晶体生长形态有很大的影响;生长速率与浓度存在很大的依赖关系．     

重庆走马岭岩溶隧道涌水量初步研究

隧道涌水问题普遍存在,从隧道的施工到竣工运行都受其影响,特别是在南方岩溶地区尤为严重。根据勘察资料,走马岭隧道穿越可溶岩段(含断层破碎带)长1525m,占隧道总长的62%,极易发生隧道涌水事故。本文结合已开挖段隧道涌水的实时监测数据及前期工程勘察资料,对隧道涌水做出初步预测评价,为以后的施工提供依据。     

Driver gas contaminationin a detonation-driven reflected-shock tunnel

A computational study has been carried out to examine the effects of driver gas contamination in the NASA HYPULSE facility at GASL when operating with a detonation driver in reflected-shock tunnel mode. Unlike high-enthalpy shock tunnels which use helium as a driver gas, the driver gas in a detonation driver consists of a mixture of water vapour and argon, which has very different chemical and thermodynamic properties than those of helium. The purpose of the present work is to quantitatively evaluate the effects of driver gas contamination on the flow properties in the test section. Two computational analyses have been performed. The first analysis examined the nozzle flow under the influence of a prescribed level of driver gas contamination. In the second analysis, the transient development of the driver gas leakage in the reflected-shock region in the shock tube is studied. The unique flow features brought about by the detonation-driver gas and the method for detecting the contamination are discussed.Received: 6 August 2002, Revised: 22 September 2003, Published online: 10 February 2004Correspondence to: R.S.M. ChueAn abridged version of this paper was presented at the 23rd International Symposium on Shock Waves at Fort Worth, Texas, July 23 to 27, 2001     

Effect of decomposition of a gas hydrate on the gas recovery from a reservoir containing hydrate and gas in the free state

The problem of gas recovery in the process of methane hydrate dissociation in a reservoir saturated with gas-hydrate mixture is considered. The mathematical model of hydrate decomposition into gas and water is generalized to include the negative temperature interval and takes ice formation into account. The solution of the problem is represented in the self-similar approximation. It is shown that there exists a transition hydrate decomposition regime in which water and ice are formed simultaneously. A comparative analysis of the recovery is carried out on the basis of relations derived for the masses of recovered gas in different hydrate dissociation regimes. It is shown that an anomalous increase in the recovered gas volumes is observed in the transition hydrate dissociation regime.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, 2005, pp. 132–142. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Tsypkin.     

Gas dynamics of a low-pressure chamber in a high-enthalpy short-duration wind tunnel

Gas dynamics of a low-pressure chamber in a double-chamber hotshot wind tunnel is considered. The time needed to fill the second chamber is in good agreement with the value obtained by examining the quasi-steady process of emptying and filling of the high-pressure and low-pressure chambers. The transitional process is strongly affected by wave processes in the channel between the chambers. By changing the place of the throttling grid in this channel, one can change the time of filling of the second chamber (decrease it severalfold). The examined schemes of air input into the second chamber ensure its complete deceleration. The Mach number at the exit of the second chamber (in the wind-tunnel nozzle throat) is almost constant over the cross section and close to unity.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 29–43, January–February, 2005.     

Simulation of a complete reflected shock tunnel showing a vortex mechanism for flow contamination

Simulations of a complete reflected shock tunnel facility have been performed with the aim of providing a better understanding of the flow through these facilities. In particular, the analysis is focused on the premature contamination of the test flow with the driver gas. The axisymmetric simulations model the full geometry of the shock tunnel and incorporate an iris-based model of the primary diaphragm rupture mechanics, an ideal secondary diaphragm and account for turbulence in the shock tube boundary layer with the Baldwin-Lomax eddy viscosity model. Two operating conditions were examined: one resulting in an over-tailored mode of operation and the other resulting in approximately tailored operation. The accuracy of the simulations is assessed through comparison with experimental measurements of static pressure, pitot pressure and stagnation temperature. It is shown that the widely-accepted driver gas contamination mechanism in which driver gas ‘jets’ along the walls through action of the bifurcated foot of the reflected shock, does not directly transport the driver gas to the nozzle at these conditions. Instead, driver gas laden vortices are generated by the bifurcated reflected shock. These vortices prevent jetting of the driver gas along the walls and convect driver gas away from the shock tube wall and downstream into the nozzle. Additional vorticity generated by the interaction of the reflected shock and the contact surface enhances the process in the over-tailored case. However, the basic mechanism appears to operate in a similar way for both the over-tailored and the approximately tailored conditions.Communicated by R. R. Boyce     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION JETS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CURRENTS

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液体火箭爆炸地面有害气体生成与扩散分析

建立了自燃液体推进剂运载火箭爆炸时地面残余推进剂蒸发模型和产生的有害气体在大气中的扩散模型,给出了N2O4/UDMH液体推进剂爆炸产生的地面推进剂残留量、推进剂污染区直径、大气环境中地面残余N2O4和UDMH推进剂蒸发速率等参数的实验结果。利用该理论模型对大型运载火箭发生意外爆炸事故产生的地面残余推进剂蒸发时间和形成的有害气体危害范围进行了估算。该理论模型可为航天发射场制定安全防护措施提供有用的评估方法。     

Mathematical treatment of the discharge of a laminar hot gas in a stagnant colder atmosphere

We study the boundary-layer approximation of the classical mathematical model that describes the discharge of a laminar hot gas in a stagnant colder atmosphere of the same gas. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a nondegenerate problem (without zones of stagnation of gas temperature or velocity). The asymptotic behavior of these solutions is also studied __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 192–205, July–August, 2008.     

基于CEEMDAN-小波包分析的隧道爆破信号去噪方法

针对隧道爆破施工中采集到的实测振动信号,引入一种基于总体平均经验模态分解方法（CEEMDAN分解）联合小波包分析的降噪方法。首先,通过CEEMDAN分解得到多个本征模态分量,利用相关系数筛选出包含噪声的模态分量,并通过模态分量的频谱图及方差贡献率进行校核。然后,利用小波包阈值降噪方法对含有噪声的模态分量进行处理。最后,将未经处理的模态分量与去噪完成的分量重构得到最终纯净的爆破振动信号。同时,通过小波包能量谱分析验证此降噪方法的可行性。本文引入的方法兼具CEEMDAN分解及小波包分析的优点,与现有方法相比,去噪效果较好,可以应用于类似隧道爆破信号的去噪处理中。     

旋流阻塞与旋流扩散复合内消能泄洪洞的壁面压强特性

结合雅砻江两河口水电站3#导流洞改建的水工模型试验,研究了新型旋流阻塞和旋流扩散复合内消能泄洪洞的壁面压强特性。研究结果表明:在淹没堰流流态时,壁面压强在进口的堰面、竖井段和旋流洞段因阻塞的顶托作用整体增大;在起旋器出口下游侧的旋流洞的顶部仍然存在局部范围的低压区或负压区;在旋流阻塞段,流速增大,壁面压强减小,水流空化数降低;在旋流扩散段,壁面压强略大于或小于大气压。     

气体化学反应流动的DSMC／EPSM混合算法研究

发展了平衡粒子模拟方法(EPSM)，建立了与高温气体化学反应动力学理论相匹配的：EPSM耦合模型，并通过混合参数进行流区的自动识别，将：EPSM方法与蒙特卡罗直接模拟方法(OSMC)结合，构造了可模拟化学反应流动的DSMC／EPSM混合算法。应用该算法对汲及化学反应的二维高超音速竖板绕流流场进行模拟，将结果与DSMC方法的结果进行比较，验证了新算法对求解化学反应流动的可行性。将混合算法的计算效率与DSMC方法的计算效率进行比较，发现混合算法能够大大提高计算效率。