改性中孔分子筛SBA-16薄膜的合成及表征

在酸性条件下, 以导电玻璃(ITO)为基底合成了SBA-16分子筛膜. 所制备的SBA-16膜孔径均匀, 具有体心立方结构(属于Im3m空间群), SBA-16膜的晶胞参数为18.6 nm. TEM, SEM和XRD等技术研究表明, 加入少量的AlCl₃盐于形成膜的母液并且采用RSiX₃对导电玻璃基底进行处理, 能够明显改善SBA-16膜的连续性而不影响孔结构. 红外(FTIR)研究结果表明, SBA-16膜的表面硅羟基和结晶水很少, 膜很稳定. XPS研究表明, 加入少量MnCl₂对SBA-16膜进行改性, 可以提高膜的导电性.     

以SBA-16薄膜/ITO为基底电沉积生长“花状”CdS纳米晶体

在酸性条件下,以导电玻璃(ITO)为基底合成sBA.16分子筛膜.所制备的SBA-16薄膜孔径均匀,具有体心立方结构(属于Im3m空间群).在由CdCl2和Na2S2O3组成的电解液中,调节pH值为2～3.利用直流恒电位电沉积法,调节电位为-0.7 V,沉积时间为50 min,在SBA-16膜/ITO电极表面电沉积生长出"花状"CdS纳米晶体,利用SEM、TEM等技术研究了CdS纳米晶体形貌和结构,同时进行了荧光光谱测试.结果表明,电沉积合成的CdS生长在电极表面而不是生长在介孔孔道中.并能够产生荧光谱峰.     

以SBA-16为模板电沉积生长多孔氧化铁纳米线阵列

采用电化学沉积法以Mn改性的三维体心立方结构的介孔SBA-16膜为模板制备Fe纳米线.沉积Fe后的SBA-16膜以2%HF溶解SiO₂骨架,样品于550℃焙烧4 h.SEM和TEM的研究结果显示,所制备的Fe₂O₃纳米线互相平行,孔径均匀.XRD、电子衍射及HRTEM研究表明Fe₂O₃纳米线具有(多孔)单晶结构.     

基底对电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列的影响

采用恒电位电沉积方法, 在未经修饰的ITO导电玻璃基底上通过控制实验条件制备出不同形貌的纳米ZnO结构, 而在经过ZnO纳米粒子膜修饰后的ITO导电玻璃基底上, 制备出透明、高取向、粒径小于30 nm的ZnO纳米棒阵列. 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及透射光谱对制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列的结构、形貌和透明性进行了表征. 测试结果表明, ZnO纳米棒阵列的平均直径为21 nm, 粒径分布窄, 约18～25 nm, 择优生长取向为[001]方向, 垂直于基底生长. 当入射光波长大于400 nm时, ZnO纳米棒阵列的透光率大于95%.     

取向碳纳米管/硅纳米线复合阵列的制备

在阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)的取向微孔内, 利用化学气相沉积(CVD) 技术首先制备了两端开口高度取向的碳纳米管阵列, 再在碳纳米管中间的孔洞内沉积硅纳米线, 成功制备了碳纳米管/硅纳米线(CNTs/SiNWs)核鞘复合阵列结构. 用SEM, TEM, XRD等仪器分析了CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列和沉积在碳纳米管孔洞内的硅纳米线的生长特性和晶体结构, 利用I-V关系和Fowler-Nordheim方程研究了其场发射(FE)特性, 用荧光光谱分析仪分析了复合阵列的荧光(PL)特性. 证明了模板法制备的CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列结构可用来制作具有金属/半导体(M/S)特性的纳米PN结, 该复合阵列结构也使SiNWs包覆在CNTs惰性鞘内, 可防止SiNWs在空气中的进一步氧化. 制备出的CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列结构生长方向高度有序, 直径和长度易于控制, 极少产生其他制备方法中出现的纳米结构弯曲和相互缠绕现象.     

低压下酞菁裂解法制备定向碳纳米管阵列

在低压条件下以酞菁铁为原料, 采用独立双温控加热系统在石英玻璃基底上气相沉积制备了大面积准直性好和管径均匀的碳纳米管. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM/FESEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了定向碳纳米管的生长形态和结构. 详细讨论了系统真空度、反应温度、气体流速及氢气和氩气的体积比例等参数对碳纳米管生长的影响, 并测试了该碳纳米管的场发射性能及超电容性能.     

CNTs/TiO2多孔复合膜的组装及光催化性能

提出了一种在掺氟的SnO2(FTO)导电玻璃上组装碳纳米管(CNTs)/Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔复合膜光催化剂的新方法.采用喷涂热解法(SPD)将掺杂镍和铁的含有嵌段聚合物P123的二氧化钛前驱体溶胶涂覆在FTO导电玻璃上,制备Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔膜,再采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在Fe-Ni/TiO2膜上原位生长CNTs,得到CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔复合膜光催化剂.CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2复合膜具有多级孔结构特征,在TiO2表面原位生长的CNTs不但具有较好的石墨化结构,且CNTs较均匀地分布在整个膜层的孔中.考察了CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2复合膜光催化剂的结构和性能,并通过降解甲基橙溶液评价了复合膜的光催化活性.结果表明,CNTs的复合及铁和镍的掺杂等改性显著提高了TiO2膜材料的光催化活性.     

易分散碳纳米管阵列可控制备及其衍生超级电容器性能

采用浮动催化剂化学气相沉积(FCCVD)的方法制备碳纳米管(CNT)阵列,通过优化温度、注射速率、生长基底等实验条件,得到高度达到3mm的超长CNTs阵列。选用间甲酚为分散剂,实现了CNT阵列的超大浓度分散,最大分散浓度可以达到120 mg/mL,良好的分散性可以使分散体形成紧密团聚的面团状。选用40 mg/mL的浓糊状分散体,用刮涂的方法得到了大面积的CNTs纸,测试了CNTs的电容性能,表现出稳定的电容器性能。     

氧化铝/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及表征

采用聚乙烯醇对碳纳米管表面进行改性，通过化学沉淀法将Al(OH)₃均匀沉积在碳纳米管表面，然后在氮气气氛下于500 ℃煅烧2 h，制备出氧化铝/碳纳米管复合材料。采用TEM、TG、DTA、XRD、IR、氮吸附脱附(比表面积及孔结构分析)等对氧化铝/碳纳米管复合材料进行表征，结果表明:未经聚乙烯醇改性的碳纳米管，氧化铝与碳纳米管相互分离;经聚乙烯醇改性的碳纳米管，氧化铝与碳纳米管结合良好。经聚乙烯醇改性的碳纳米管表面均匀覆盖一层聚乙烯醇膜，通过聚乙烯醇的吸附作用， Al(OH)₃沉积在碳纳米管表面形成一层连续的覆盖层。     

氮掺杂竹节状碳纳米管的催化合成

以有机胺为碳和氮源, 用催化方法合成出了含氮大管径竹节状碳纳米管. Fe/SBA-15分子筛为催化剂, 有机胺经过973 K高温裂解得到氮掺杂竹节状碳纳米管材料(CN_X). 比较了铁含量、二乙胺和六次甲基四胺原料对合成氮掺杂碳纳米管形貌和氮掺杂量的影响; 合成出氮碳比(N/C原子比)为0.26的氮掺杂竹节状碳纳米管材料.     

Fluorination effects of MWCNT additives for EMI shielding efficiency by developed conductive network in epoxy complex

To improve the efficiency in shielding electromagnetic interference in electronic devices, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used, due to their excellent electric and magnetic properties at high aspect ratios, and were added to an epoxy matrix. Fluorination was carried out to achieve excellent dispersion and adhesion of the additives in the epoxy matrix. The improved dispersion was confirmed by UV spectra. The permittivity and permeability were also significantly improved based on the effects of the additives and the fluorination treatment. The efficiency of shielding electromagnetic interference increased up to 28 dB. This improved efficiency of shielding electromagnetic interference may be caused by a well-organized conductive network of additives in epoxy.     

碳纳米管复合材料的制备、表征和电化学性能

作为锂离子电池负极材料,碳纳米管和金属锡或其氧化物都曾引起过人们浓厚的兴趣,但由于其自身的缺陷,这些材料均未能得到进一步的发展.本文以不同方法合成了碳纳米管和金属锡或其氧化物的复合材料,对其结构、形貌进行表征,并考察它的电化学性能.     

Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotube on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal

The morphology and electro‐optical performance of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) were investigated with the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT), both pristine and chemically modified one (CNT‐C?C). With the addition of CNT, the diffraction efficiency increased and showed a maximum at 0.6% while nucleation was delayed due to the increased mixture viscosity. Film was driven only with CNT due to the induced local electric field of polymer to overcome the threshold resistance. Among the two types of CNT, chemically modified one gave finer CNT dispersion, lower mixture viscosity, larger liquid crystal (LC) droplet, higher diffraction efficiency, and shorter response time while the pristine CNT decreased the driving voltage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The addition of acid treated carbon nanotube on the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber reinforced UHMWPE composite

Carbon fiber reinforced Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (CF/UHMWPE) composites have been filled with acid treated carbon nanotube to enhance the adhesion. According to the modification, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites has been greatly improved. Dynamic wetting method, XPS and SEM are used to examine the microscopic properties of resultant composites. The enhanced ILSS is attributed to the CNT interlock, which improves the wetting between carbon fibers and resins. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kinetics and Mechanism Studies on Dispersion of CNT in SDS Aqueous Solutions

The objects of this research are to study the dispersion of CNT (carbon nanotube) in SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) aqueous solutions with kinetics approach and to obtain some information about mechanism for this dispersion. Firstly, I measured the UV‐visible absorption at 260 nm of CNT in SDS aqueous solutions after different time of dispersion for different concentrations of CNT and SDS. Then, curves of the time‐dependent absorbance were analyzed by various mathematical models and were found to fit well with equation of A = A∞ exp(‐k_obs t), where A∞ is the absorbance at infinite time and k_obs is the observed rate constant. The values of A∞, k_obs, and, minimum time for dispersion can be obtained. From the effects of concentrations of SDS and CNT on A∞ and k_obs, the dissociation constant for CNT‐SDS complex and the optimum ratio of [CNT]/[SDS] can be estimated. Finally, the mechanism for this dispersion may be proposed as” where b‐CNT, CNT, CNT‐SDS, and, k_i s are bounded CNT, exfoliated CNT, CNT‐SDS complex, and, the rate constants, respectively. In this mechanism, b‐CNT is firstly unbounded by supersonic energy to form CNT intermediate with rate constant of k₁, which is proportional to the supersonic energy per time. The CNT intermediate then recombines to form b‐CNT with rate constant k_?1[CNT] or reacts with SDS to form CNT‐SDS complex, which has absorbance at 260 nm in UV‐visible spectrum, with rate constant of k₂ [SDS]. Details of kinetics and mechanism will be discussed in this paper.     

Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to liquid fuels using nanocarbon-based electrodes

Recent advances on the use of nanocarbon-based electrodes for the electrocatalytic conversion of gaseous streams of CO₂ to liquid fuels are discussed in this perspective paper. A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic cell, different from the typical electrochemical systems working in liquid phase, was developed. There are several advantages to work in gas phase, e.g. no need to recover the products from a liquid phase and no problems of CO₂ solubility, etc. Operating under these conditions and using electrodes based on metal nanoparticles supported over carbon nanotube (CNT) type materials, long C-chain products (in particular isopropanol under optimized conditions, but also hydrocarbons up to C8–C9) were obtained from the reduction of CO₂. Pt-CNT are more stable and give in some cases a higher productivity, but Fe-CNT, particular using N-doped carbon nanotubes, give excellent properties and are preferable to noble-metal-based electrocatalysts for the lower cost. The control of the localization of metal particles at the inner or outer surface of CNT is an importact factor for the product distribution. The nature of the nanocarbon substrate also plays a relevant role in enhancing the productivity and tuning the selectivity towards long C-chain products. The electrodes for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ are part of a photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) solar cell concept, aimed to develop knowledge for the new generation artificial leaf-type solar cells which can use sunlight and water to convert CO₂ to fuels and chemicals. The CO₂ reduction to liquid fuels by solar energy is a good attempt to introduce renewables into the existing energy and chemical infrastructures, having a higher energy density and easier transport/storage than other competing solutions (i.e. H₂).     

Analysis of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Tower Electrodes in Sodium Hydroxide

Towers of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were electrochemically oxidized in aqueous 1 M NaOH. An oxidation current that decayed with time was monitored using amperometry at a fixed potential. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the background current and electrode capacitance increased after oxidation without significantly affecting the faradaic current from the reduction of ferricyanide. Oxidation in NaOH caused morphological changes and increased hydrophilicity of the MWCNT tower electrodes. XPS spectra indicated increased oxygen on the surface after oxidation, while Raman spectra indicated that a large amount of amorphous carbon was present before and after oxidation.     

The effect of surface coating of CNTs on the mechanical properties of CF‐filled HDPE composites

Mechanical properties of carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT)‐filled thermoplastic high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were studied with particular interest on the effects of filler content and fiber surface treatment by coupling agent. Surface‐treated CF‐filled HDPE composites increased their tensile strength and impact strength, which is further increased with the addition of CNT. SEM showed that CNT‐coating‐treated CF‐HDPE composites show better dispersion of the filler into the matrix, which results in better interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Glucose biosensor based on new carbon nanotube-gold-titania nano-composites modified glassy carbon electrode

In this paper, a novel biosensor was prepared by immobilizing glucose oxidase （GOx） on carbon nanotube-gold-titania nanocomposites （CNT/Au/TiO2） modified glassy carbon electrode （GCE）. SEM was initially used to investigate the surface morphology of CNT/Au/TiO2 nanocomposites modified GCE, indicating the formation of the nano-porous structure which could readily facilitate the attachment of GOx on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammogram （CV） and electrochemical impedance spectrum （EIS） were further utilized to explore relevant electrochemical activity on CNT]Au/TiO2 nanocomposites modified GCE. The observations demonstrated that the immobilized GOx could efficiently execute its bioelectrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose. The biosensor exhibited a wider linearity range from 0.1 mmol L-1 to 8 mmol L^-1 glucose with a detection limit of 0.077 mmol L^- 1.