衰减器对螺旋线慢波结构高频特性影响的理论研究

以加载衰减器的螺旋线慢波结构作为研究对象，采用螺旋导电面模型，用真空层模拟螺旋带的厚度，用均匀介质层等效分立的介质夹持杆，并考虑到各横向区域横向传播常数的不同，得到了任意次模式的色散方程和耦合阻抗的表达式. 在此基础之上，分析了衰减器对主模和-1次模式的衰减常数、相位常数和耦合阻抗的影响.所得结果对设计衰减器具有理论指导意义，为螺旋线慢波系统高频特性的改善以及反射振荡和返波振荡的抑制提供了理论依据. 关键词： 螺旋线 行波管 衰减 色散     

Metal wave-guide to dielectric image guide transition using exponential taper

A unique metal wave guide to dielectric image guide transition has been developed using exponential taper in dielectric wave guide. The propagation characteristics have been computed theoretically and taper impedance for the different cross-sections have been evaluated, so as to match it with the metal wave guide for efficient mode conversion. Transmission loss and return loss for triangular and exponentail taper with frequency for same dimensional parameters have been measured.     

Non-linear propagation of laser beam and focusing due to self-action in optical fiber: Non-paraxial approach

A somewhat more general analysis for solving spatial propagation characteristics of intense Gaussian beam is presented and applied to the laser beam propagation in step-index profile as well as parabolic profile dielectric fibers with Kerr non-linearity. Considering self-action due to saturating and non-saturating non-linearity in the refractive index, a general theory has been developed without any kind of power series expansion for the dielectric constant as is usually done in other theories that make use of paraxial approximation. Result of the steady state self-focusing analysis indicates that the Kerr non-linearity acts as a perturbation on the radial inhomogeneity due to fiber geometry. Analysis indicates that the paraxial rays and peripheral rays focus at different points, indicating aberration effect. Calculated critical power matches with the experimentally reported result.     

Model of a microwave beam coupling to CO2 laser plasma

We have designed a transmission line model of the microwave coupling mechanism for a microwave pumped CO₂ laser. The model is a total loss ridge waveguide transmission line having nonuniform impedance. The laser plasma is modeled as a frequency-dependent lossy dielectric and acts as a distributed resistance in the length of the microwave cavity. The coupling structure of the microwaves is designed not to be resonant at the microwave source frequency of 2.45 GHz at 1 kW and propagating the total microwave field energy to be absorbed without internal reflection. An exact solution to this general transmission line propagation constant for a shunt resistance along length of the guide is found. The measurements and predictions of the parameters of the plasma conductivity as a function of the attenuation constant agree closely.     

基于极化强度叠加模型的高功率微波混合气体传播特性

 基于气体极化强度叠加模型,推导了混合气体的介电常数,得到了高功率微波在混合气体中传播时的折射指数和衰减系数。研究发现,高功率微波大气电离产生的混合气体是快速时变的色散有耗介质。根据其色散性分析了微波在混合气体中的传播速度以及微波脉冲在其中的展宽效应,同时,根据其有耗性对微波脉冲在混合气体中传播时的缩短效应进行了研究。研究结果均能自洽地过渡到对流层或电离层电波传播理论。     

电磁波穿透墙体的衰减特性

 应用平面电磁波理论和菲涅耳公式分析了电磁波穿透不同介质的衰减特性,对不同的极化方式、入射角、介电常数、电导率、损耗角正切和频率下,电磁波在介质间的透射性能及介质中的传输衰减特性进行了分析,对常见的普通混凝土墙、37砖墙、24砖墙、石膏空心板、水泥泡沫板、木板和玻璃与频率的衰减特性进行了数值仿真,比较了新砌混凝土墙、实心粘土砖墙和多孔粘土砖墙的损耗特点,将仿真结果与实际测量及参考文献测量结果进行了比较,结果表明仿真的墙体频率衰减趋势与实际测量结果一致,衰减数值接近并略低于实测结果。     

Dielectric behavior of BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript>–Ni composite ferroic films

Composite ferroic BaTiO₃–Ni films with different Ni content were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) cosputtering method. Complex impedance analysis indicates that the addition of Ni has greatly reduced the resistivity of the Ni-enriched boundaries. All the composite films exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism, while the ferroelectricity of the films is degrading with increasing Ni content. Dielectric measurements reveal that below the Ni content of 22.7 at.%, the dielectric response follows the general percolation theory and the increase of dielectric constant and loss tangent with Ni addition is mainly associated with the microstructure induced nanocapacitor effect and Maxwell–Wagner interface polarization which also induces significant dielectric anomaly at low frequency range.     

环状烯烃聚合物基底材料的太赫兹复介电常数和损耗特性研究

太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)已被用于研究包括液体,半导体,爆炸物和气体等多种材料。然而自由空间太赫兹光谱系统存在着一些检测局限性,如微量物质难以被检测、系统尺寸难以实现微型化、空气中水的强烈吸收引起的信号衰减较大等问题。为了解决这些问题,研究人员设计了基于金属波导传输线结构的太赫兹芯片集成器件,通过飞秒红外激光激励传输线上的光电导材料实现太赫兹波的产生和检测。然而,在这些芯片上传输的太赫兹信号的频谱宽度很难达到自由空间太赫兹时域光谱系统的频带宽度,一个重要原因是由于传输信号受到随频率增加的传输线损耗所导致的衰减。通常这些损耗主要由三个部分组成：导体损耗,介电损耗和辐射损耗。研究表明：使用低介电常数材料作为共面传输线的衬底,将减少这种介电常数的失配,从而避免冲击波辐射损失;使用具有低损耗角正切的基底材料可以减少太赫兹传输线的损耗。环烯烃聚合物(COP)是一种具有环状烯烃结构的非晶性透明共聚物的材料,在太赫兹波段具有很高的透射率,为了探究这种材料是否能用于共面传输线的衬底,需要通过太赫兹时域光谱技术和介电函数理论分析它在太赫兹频段的光谱和介电特性,以及对这种材料作为基底时用在太赫兹传输线的传输特性进行仿真计算分析。使用透射式太赫兹时域光谱系统,对三种COP、熔融石英和PMMA进行了光谱测试,提取了它们的透射时域信号,采用Dorney和Duvillaret等提出的物理模型计算复介电函数。实验表明：与其他两种材料相比,COP材料在1 THz处的透过率更高,可以达到94.5%,同时介电损耗和介电常数更低,其中介电损耗在1 THz处达到4.31×10-4,因此将COP作为传输线基底材料时能有效减少基底的介电损耗。同时COP材料的介电常数在0.2～2.8 THz范围内维持在约2.3的水平,也有效减弱了辐射损耗。对实验材料基底组成的共面波导传输线进行了HFSS模拟,获得了它们的正向传输衰减系数(S₂₁ parameter),并对由基底引起的介电损耗和辐射损耗进行了计算分析。模拟和计算结果也表明在同一传输线结构下,与其他材料相比COP作为基底时的损耗更小。通过太赫兹时域光谱法与介电响应分析,表明了在太赫兹波段具有较低介电常数的COP材料更适合作为太赫兹传输线结构的基底材料,它可以有效的降低因基底引起的介电损耗和辐射损耗。这为太赫兹传输线的设计过程中衬底材料的选择与应用提供了实验和理论依据。     

Acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck

There is no accurate analytical approach for the acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck,which has broad band acoustic attenuation performance in the low frequency range.To predict the acoustic performance of the resonator accurately,a general theory model based on the one-dimensional analysis approach with acoustic length corrections is developed.The segmentation method is used to calculate the acoustic parameters for sound propagation in conical tubes.And then,an approximate formula is deduced to give accurate correction lengths for conical tubes with difierent geometries.The deviations of the resonance frequency between the transmission loss results obtained by the general theory with acoustic lengths correction and the results from the finite element method and experiments are less than 2 Hz,which is much better than the results from one-dimensional approach without corrections.The results show that the method of acoustic length correction for the conical neck greatly improved the accuracy of the one-dimensional analysis approach,and it will be quick and accurate to predict the sound attenuation property of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck.     

三角形复式晶格的光子带结构研究

设计了一种三角形复式晶格结构的光子晶体，在该类晶体中，电介质圆柱在空气中的排列存在Ｅ偏振和Ｈ偏振的光子带隙重叠区，称之为绝对光子带隙；而空气圆孔在电介质中的排列时，虽然Ｅ偏振和Ｈ偏振均分别存在光子带隙，但不存在绝对光子带隙。同时利用晶体的光子带结构研究了有效长波介电常数，所得结果与静电理论吻合。     

Double semiconductor substrate in overlay shielded superconducting microstrip lines

The Transverse Transmission Line (TTL) is used in the theory of the overlay shielded microstrip lines considering the superconductor strip on two semiconductor regions. The superconductor effect is included with the boundary condition of the surface impedance, that is related to the complex conductivity of the material, calculated from the advanced two-fluid model. Applying the moment method the complex propagation constant of the structure, including the phase constant and the attenuation constant, is obtained. Results are presented for the complex propagation constant, versus the frequency and the temperature, of this overlay superconducting microstrip lines.     

微波传输中沙尘衰减的计算与仿真

 1．Information and Engineering College, PLA Information Engineering University, P.O.Box 1001-826, Zhengzhou 450002, China;2．College of Information Science and Enginerring, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310022, China     

Strip dielectric wave guide antenna-for the measurement of dielectric constant of low-loss materials

The value of dielectric constant are the most important parameters in material science technology. In micro-wave and millimeter wave circuits using dielectric materials the values of this parameters should be known accurately. It is observed that the number of methods are reported in litrature, however these methods impose difficulties in experimentation and are not very accurate. In this paper a novel approach to the measurement of the dielectric constant of low loss materials at micro-wave and millimeter wave frequencies has been discussed. In this method by using antenna theory, a metallic strip dielectric guide is taken in to constideration and band reject phenomenon of dielectric antenna is used. Frequency response of an antenna in band reject mode is a function of the dimensional parameters, such as the metallic strip period, the profile of the metallic strip and the dielectric constant of the material used. Hence if one measure the frequency responce of the antenna in band reject mode, the dielectric constant of the material is determined provided all other parameters are known. This method gives a direct measure of dielectric constant and is quite accurate as computer techniques are used for evaluating the dielectric constant. This method verified experimentally also.     

Study on Planar Whispering Gallery Dielectric Resonators. II. A Multiple-Band Device

The basic theory underlying the realization of simple multiple-band non-homogeneous dielectric resonators, whose spectral response is the overlap of single-resonator frequency bands, is developed exploiting a general approach discussed in the previous companion paper. The limit frequencies of the proposed devices, given only by the dielectric properties of the involved materials, can differ in principle by several decades. Experimental confirmations have been obtained on a composite structure built up with teflon and polyethylene; as predicted by the theory, the overall band includes frequencies which range about from 20 GHz to more than 400 GHz, when high frequency resonances are selectively excited. The localization of the higher frequency radiation between the positive steps of the dielectric constant, which is the basic properties of these non-homogeneous resonators, has been experimentally verified by mapping the electromagnetic field intensity. Possible applications of multiple-band Whispering Gallery dielectric resonators are finally outlined.     

Air-ground interaction in long range propagation of low frequency sound and vibration—field tests and model verification

An extensive program of intermediate and long range impulsive sound propagation field tests have been conducted. The test program and the performed measurements are presented. Particular focus is given on the air-ground interaction and its effect on low frequency sound and vibration propagation. It is found that the pressure wave interaction with the viscoelastic Rayleigh wave in the ground may have a significant effect on the ground impedance and the sound and vibration propagation. This introduces an important mechanism not covered in commonly used ground impedance models. Numerical simulation models have been developed and verified against the test data. The ground impedance does not only effect the sound pressure propagation. If either acoustically induced ground vibration, or ground to building transmitted vibration, is to be considered, the acousto-seismic impedance has a dramatic effect on the level of ground vibration induced by a given sound pressure. For a site where Rayleigh wave interaction appears at the dominant frequencies of the sound pressure, the ground vibration may be greater than a factor 100 (40 dB) than at a site with ground conditions not making the interaction happen.     

在高频区存在巨带隙的长方晶格二维光子晶体

本文利用降低光子晶体的对称性来提高绝对禁带宽度, 提出两种长方结构长方介质柱二维光子晶体, 用快速平面波展开法研究其高频区的带结构.经参数优化发现, 长方晶格包含一套介质柱时, 最大绝对禁带宽度Δω为0.1265ωe（ωe=2πc/a, a为晶格常数, c为光速）, 绝对禁带中心频率ωmid为1.9256ωe, Δω/ωmid=6.6%; 当长方晶格包含两套介质柱时, 最大绝对禁带宽度为0.203ωe, 绝对禁带中心频率为1.8597ωe, Δω/ωmid=10.9%.     

渐变螺距螺旋线慢波系统高频特性的仿真分析

 为实现渐变螺距螺旋线慢波结构高频参数的高精度估计，基于MAFIA仿真平台，研究了螺距变化对超宽带螺旋线慢波系统(4~18 GHz)的色散、互作用阻抗与衰减常数的影响，获得了各高频参数随螺距变化的规律。研究表明：相速几乎随螺距增大而线性变大，互作用阻抗与螺距是非线性的关系，衰减常数随螺距增大而非线性地减小；由于在维持电子注与电磁波速度同步的限制下，螺距变化的幅度不可能很大，因此可近似按线性关系来处理互作用阻抗及衰减常数与螺距之间的关系。由此提出了一种可精确计算渐变螺距螺旋线慢波结构高频参数的方法－线性插值法     

Numerical analysis of complex impedance and microwave absorption of metamaterials composed of split cut wires on grounded dielectric substrate

The microwave absorption of metamaterials composed of split cut wire (SCW) on grounded dielectric substrate has been investigated on the basis of equivalent transmission line circuit. S-parameters (S ₁₁ and S ₂₁) and input impedance are numerically simulated with variations of the thickness and dielectric loss of the substrate and the geometry of the SCW. Magnetic resonance resulting from antiparallel currents between SCW and ground plane was observed at the frequency of minimum reflection loss. The simulated resonance frequency and reflection loss can be explained well on the basis of the circuit theory of an LC resonator. Analysis of the input impedance of the high impedance surface has shown that perfect absorption can be obtained at the optimized impedance-matching condition, which is dependent on SCW width, thickness and the dielectric loss of the substrate. Better insight into the absorption mechanism of metamaterial absorbers can be attained through the parametric analysis on complex impedance of SCW and its relationship with reflection loss.     

Attenuation Characteristics and Sensitivity Analysis for Coplanar Waveguide

The behaviour of attenuation losses in Coplanar waveguides (CPW) is studied for quasi-planar transmission lines with constant characteristic impedance (Z₀) and resistivity, having different geometry's. This behavior helps in making a suitable choice of the type of structure and its dimensional parameters depending upon the application. Minimization of loss for a chosen substrate thickness, conductivity and impedance is analyzed. Dispersion characteristics of CPW have been plotted for various metallization thicknesses. A sensitivity analysis for effective dielectric constant with respect to various dimensional parameters of CPW is presented.     

Attenuation and propagation in various finline structures

The theory and numerical results of the asymmetric single and coupled bilateral and unilateral finlines and arbitrary antipodal finline considering the attenuation of the substrate are presented. Results are given to the complex propagation constant. The full wave analysis of the Transverse Transmission Line — TTL method is used in the FTD. Applying the moment method the complex propagation constant, including the attenuation constant and the phase constant, are obtained. The effective dielectric constant, _eff,, and the characteristic impedance are also calculated. The results are compared with the references, and news results are presented for these parameters.