The Hilbert scheme of points for supersingular abelian surfaces

We study the geometry of Hilbert schemes of points on abelian surfaces and Beauville’s generalized Kummer varieties in positive characteristics. The main result is that, in characteristic two, the addition map from the Hilbert scheme of two points to the abelian surface is a quasifibration such that all fibers are nonsmooth. In particular, the corresponding generalized Kummer surface is nonsmooth, and minimally elliptic singularities occur in the supersingular case. We unravel the structure of the singularities in dependence of p-rank and a-number of the abelian surface. To do so, we establish a McKay Correspondence for Artin’s wild involutions on surfaces. Along the line, we find examples of canonical singularities that are not rational singularities.     

Starshaped hypersurfaces¶and the mean curvature flow

Under the assumption of two a-priori bounds for the mean curvature, we are able to generalize a recent result due to Huisken and Sinestrari [8], valid for mean convex surfaces, to a much larger class. In particular we will demonstrate that these a-priori bounds are satisfied for a class of surfaces including meanconvex as well as starshaped surfaces and a variety of manifolds that are close to them. This gives a classification of the possible singularities for these surfaces in the case n= 2. In addition we prove that under certain initial conditions some of them become mean convex before the first singularity occurs. Received: 6 June 1997 / Revised version: 24 October 1997     

Uniform estimates in the Poincaré-Aronszajn theorem on the separation of singularities of analytic functions

We study the possibility of splitting any bounded analytic function ƒ with singularities in a closed set E ⋃ F as a sum of two bounded analytic functions with singularities in E and F respectively. We obtain some results under geometric restrictions on the sets E and F and we provide some examples showing the sharpness of the positive results. The first author is partially supported by RFBR grant #06-01-00313 and by the grant for Leading Scientific Schools #NSH-2266-2003.1. The last author is supported by DGICYT grant MTM2005-08984-C02-02 and the CIRIT grant 2005SGR00611.     

A Direct Proof that Solutions of the Six Painlevé Equations Have No Movable Singularities Except Poles

The Painlevé property of an nth-order differential equation is that no solution has any movable singularities other than poles. This property is strongly indicative of complete integrability (the existence of n ? 1 integrals). However, the usual technique employed to test for the Painlevé property seeks only movable algebraic (or logarithmic) singularities. More general singularities are ignored. But, the six standard Painlevé equations are known to have no such singularities. Painlevé's proof of this is long and laborious; we give here a direct proof.     

Removable singularities for analytic or subharmonic functions

In this paper, results on removable singularities for analytic functions, harmonic functions and subharmonic functions by Besicovitch, Carleson, and Shapiro are extended. In each theorem, we need not assume thatf has the global property at any point, so we are able to allow dense sets of singularities. We do not state our results in terms of exceptional sets, but each one leads to a series of results implying that certain sets are removable for appropriate classes of functions. Partially supported by an NSF-Grant and an XL-Grant at Purdue respectively.     

Yamabe metrics on cylindrical manifolds

We study a particular class of open manifolds. In the category of Riemannian manifolds these are complete manifolds with cylindrical ends. We give a natural setting for the conformal geometry on such manifolds including an appropriate notion of the cylindrical Yamabe constant/invariant. This leads to a corresponding version of the Yamabe problem on cylindrical manifolds. We find a positive solution to this Yamabe problem: we prove the existence of minimizing metrics and analyze their singularities near infinity. These singularities turn out to be of very particular type: either almost conical or almost cuspsingularities. We describe the supremum case, i.e., when the cylindrical Yamabe constant is equal to the Yamabe invariant of the sphere. We prove that in this case such a cylindrical manifold coincides conformally with the standard sphere punctured at a finite number of points. In the course of studying the supremum case, we establish a Positive Mass Theorem for specific asymptotically flat manifolds with two almost conical singularities. As a by-product, we revisit known results on surgery and the Yamabe invariant. Submitted: Submitted: August 2001. Revision: January 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Partially supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, No. 14540072.     

New extension phenomena for solutions of tangential Cauchy–Riemann equations

In our recent work, we showed that C^∞ CR-diffeomorphisms of real-analytic Levi-nonflat hypersurfaces in ?² are not analytic in general. This result raised again the question on the nature of CR-maps of a real-analytic hypersurfaces.

In this paper, we give a complete picture of what CR-maps actually are. First, we discover an analytic continuation phenomenon for CR-diffeomorphisms which we call the sectorial analyticity property. It appears to be the optimal regularity property for CR-diffeomorphisms in general. We emphasize that such type of extension never appeared previously in the literature. Second, we introduce the class of Fuchsian type hypersurfaces and prove that (infinitesimal generators of) CR-automorphisms of a Fuchsian type hypersurface are still analytic. In particular, this solves a problem formulated earlier by Shafikov and the first author.

Finally, we prove a regularity result for formal CR-automorphisms of Fuchsian type hypersurfaces.     

The Cauchy Problem for an Axially Symmetric Equation and the Schwarz Potential Conjecture for the Torus

We present our results in this paper in two parts. In the first part, we consider the Cauchy problem for the axially symmetric equation with entire Cauchy data given on an initial plane (see Eq. (2.1)). We solve the Cauchy problem and obtain its solutions in two cases, depending on whether k is a positive even integer or k is a positive odd integer. For k odd, we demonstrate that the solution has more singularities due to the propagation of the singularities of the coefficients. In the second part, the Cauchy problem for the same equation is considered, but instead, its entire Cauchy data are given on an initial sphere (see Eq. (3.1)). Whenever k is a positive even integer, we obtain the global existence of the solution and determine all possible singularities. Whenever k is a positive odd integer, we discuss both local and global solutions. As a consequence of our results in this paper, we show that the Schwarz Potential Conjecture (see the Introduction) for the even dimensional torus is true.     

The Validity Range of Two Complex Analysis Theorems

In this article we give complete characterizations of shift-invariant uniform algebras A_S on compact abelian groups, in which two of the classical theorems for analytic functions hold, namely, Radó's theorem for analytic extension and Riemann's theorem for removable singularities. Our characterization is in terms of algebraical properties of the semigroup S of non-zero Fourier coefficients of the functions in A_S .     

Cross Theorems with Singularities

We establish extension theorems for separately holomorphic mappings defined on sets of the form W∖M with values in a complex analytic space which possesses the Hartogs extension property. Here W is a 2-fold cross of arbitrary complex manifolds and M is a set of singularities which is locally pluripolar (resp. thin) in fibers.     

Removable singularities for analytic or subharmonic functions

In this paper, results on removable singularities for analytic functions, harmonic functions and subharmonic functions by Besicovitch, Carleson, and Shapiro are extended. In each theorem, we need not assume thatf has the global property at any point, so we are able to allow dense sets of singularities. We do not state our results in terms of exceptional sets, but each one leads to a series of results implying that certain sets are removable for appropriate classes of functions.     

Space-Time Foam Dense Singularities and de Rham Cohomology

In an earlier paper of the authors, it was shown that the sheaf theoretically based recently developed abstract differential geometry of the first author can, in an easy and natural manner, incorporate singularities on arbitrary closed nowhere dense sets in Euclidean spaces, singularities which therefore can have arbitrary large positive Lebesgue measure. As also shown, one can construct in such a singular context a de Rham cohomology, as well as a short exponential sequence, both of which are fundamental in differential geometry. In this paper, these results are significantly strengthened, motivated by the so-called space-time foam structures in general relativity, where singularities can be dense. In fact, this time one can deal with singularities on arbitrary sets, provided that their complementaries are dense, as well. In particular, the cardinal of the set of singularities can be larger than that of the nonsingular points.     

Removable singularities for weighted Bergman spaces

We develop a theory of removable singularities for the weighted Bergman space , where μ is a Radon measure on ℂ. The set A is weakly removable for , and strongly removable for . The general theory developed is in many ways similar to the theory of removable singularities for Hardy H ^p spaces, BMO and locally Lipschitz spaces of analytic functions, including the existence of counterexamples to many plausible properties, e.g. the union of two compact removable singularities needs not be removable. In the case when weak and strong removability are the same for all sets, in particular if μ is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure m, we are able to say more than in the general case. In this case we obtain a Dolzhenko type result saying that a countable union of compact removable singularities is removable. When dμ = wdm and w is a Muckenhoupt A _p weight, 1 < p < ∞, the removable singularities are characterized as the null sets of the weighted Sobolev space capacity with respect to the dual exponent p′ = p/(p − 1) and the dual weight w′ = w ^{1/(1 − p)}.     

The Brownian snake and solutions of Δu=u 2 in a domain

Summary We investigate the connections between the path-valued process called the Brownian snake and nonnegative solutions of the partial differential equation u=u ² in a domain of ^d . In particular, we prove two conjectures recently formulated by Dynkin. The first one gives a complete characterization of the boundary polar sets, which correspond to boundary removable singularities for the equation u=u ². The second one establishes a one-to-one correspondence between nonnegative solutions that are bounded above by a harmonic function, and finite measures on the boundary that do not charge polar sets. This correspondence can be made explicit by a probabilistic formula involving a special class of additive functionals of the Brownian snake. Our proofs combine probabilistic and analytic arguments. An important role is played by a new version of the special Markov property, which is of independent interest.     

A bound for diameter of arithmetic hyperbolic orbifolds

Weyl (Zur Infinitisimalgeometrie: Einordnung der projektiven und der konformen Auffasung, Nachrichten von der K. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Göttinger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Göttingen, 1921) demonstrated that for a connected manifold of dimension greater than 1, if two Riemannian metrics are conformal and have the same geodesics up to a reparametrization, then one metric is a constant scaling of the other one. In the present paper we investigate the analogous property for sub-Riemannian metrics. In particular, we prove that the analogous statement, called the Weyl rigidity, holds either in real analytic category for all sub-Riemannian metrics on distributions with a specific property of their complex abnormal extremals, called minimal order, or in smooth category for all distributions such that all complex abnormal extremals of their nilpotent approximations are of minimal order. This also shows, in real analytic category, the genericity of distributions for which all sub-Riemannian metrics are Weyl rigid and genericity of Weyl rigid sub-Riemannian metrics on a given bracket generating distributions. Finally, this allows us to get analogous genericity results for projective rigidity of sub-Riemannian metrics, i.e., when the only sub-Riemannian metric having the same sub-Riemannian geodesics, up to a reparametrization, with a given one, is a constant scaling of this given one. This is the improvement of our results on the genericity of weaker rigidity properties proved in recent paper (Jean et al. in Geom Dedic 203(1):279–319, 2019).

     

On normal surface singularities and a problem of enriques

We construct families of normal surface singularities with the following property: given any fiat projective connected family V →B of smooth, irreducible, minimal algebraic surfaces, the general singularity in one of our families cannot occur, analytically, on any algebraic surfaces which is Irrationally equivalent to a surface in V→B. In particular this holds for V→B consisting of a single rational surface, thus answering negatively to a long standing problem posed by F. Enriques. In order to prove the above mentioned results, wo develop a general, though elementary, method, based on the consideration of suitable correspondences, for comparing a given family of minimal surfaces with a family of surface singularities. Specifically the method in question gives us the possibility of comparing the parameters on which the two families depend, thus leading to the aforementioned results.     

Spectral Theory for Gaussian Processes: Reproducing Kernels,Boundaries, and L2-Wavelet Generators with Fractional Scales

A recurrent theme in functional analysis is the interplay between the theory of positive definite functions and their reproducing kernels on the one hand, and Gaussian stochastic processes on the other. This central theme is motivated by a host of applications in mathematical physics. In this article, we show that it is possible to obtain explicit formulas amenable to computations of the respective Gaussian stochastic processes. To achieve this, we first develop two functional analytic tools. These are the identification of a universal sample space Ω where we realize the particular Gaussian processes in the correspondence, a procedure for discretizing computations in Ω. Our processes are as follows: Processes associated with arbitrarily given sigma finite regular measures on a fixed Borel measure space, with Hilbert spaces of sigma-functions, and with systems of self-similar measures arising in the theory of iterated function systems. In our last theorem, starting with a non-degenerate positive definite function K on some fixed set T, we show that there is a choice of a universal sample space Ω which can be realized as a boundary of (T, K). Its boundary-theoretic properties are analyzed, and we point out their relevance to the study of electrical networks on countable infinite graphs.     

Singularities of Solutions to Quadratic Vector Equations on the Complex Upper Half‐Plane

Let S be a positivity‐preserving symmetric linear operator acting on bounded functions. The nonlinear equation with a parameter z in the complex upper half‐plane ? has a unique solution m with values in ?. We show that the z‐dependence of this solution can be represented as the Stieltjes transforms of a family of probability measures v on ?. Under suitable conditions on S , we show that v has a real analytic density apart from finitely many algebraic singularities of degree at most 3. Our motivation comes from large random matrices. The solution m determines the density of eigenvalues of two prominent matrix ensembles: (i) matrices with centered independent entries whose variances are given by S and (ii) matrices with correlated entries with a translation‐invariant correlation structure. Our analysis shows that the limiting eigenvalue density has only square root singularities or cubic root cusps; no other singularities occur.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

On the cotangent cohomology of rational surface singularities with almost reduced fundamental cycle

We prove dimension formulas for the cotangent spaces T ¹ and T ² for a class of rational surface singularities by calculating a correction term in the general dimension formulas. We get that it is zero if the dual graph of the rational surface singularity X does not contain a particular type of configurations, and this generalizes a result of Theo de Jong stating that the correction term c (X ) is zero for rational determinantal surface singularities. In particular our result implies that c (X ) is zero for Riemenschneiders quasi‐determinantal rational surface singularities, and this also generalizes results for quotient singularities. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)