平顶光束通过像散透镜的传输和光束参量的变化

对平顶光束通过像散透镜的传输和光束参量(包括束宽、束腰宽度和位置、远场发散角和M2因子)的变化做了研究.结果表明,像散使平顶光束在x方向的束腰宽度增加,远场发散角减小,实际焦点的位置远离透镜,而在y方向正相反.平顶光束的M2因子与像散无关.x、y方向束宽和远场发散角的相对误差随光束阶数,瑞利长度,像散系数和透镜焦距变化.当x、y方向的光束阶数和初始束宽相等时,几何焦面上两方向束宽的相对误差相等,但在实际焦面上不同.     

The use of a plane parallel glass plate for determining the lens' parameters

The present article reports a shearing interferometric technique for determining the various lens' parameters, namely, the focal length, refractive index, radii of curvatures etc. The wave aberrations have also been investigated for the different values of the focal length of the same lens by immersing it in various liquids. The lens itself acts both as autocollimator and decollimator. Modified criteria for evaluating the correct position of the focal length have been adopted. The defocusing involved is observed in terms of the interference fringes. The plane parallel glass plate acts as a double shearing interferometer. The location of the point source is confirmed by testing the wavefront parallelism. A graph (refractive index versus lens' power) with various liquids has been plotted which gives the desired parameters.     

Efficient design considerations for end-pumped solid-state-lasers

The temperature distribution in the gain medium and key design parameters for an ideal-four level end-pumped solid-state laser have been analyzed depending on the crystal's length, absorption coefficient, and pump beam M² factor. The optimum key design parameters and thermal focal lens are obtained by minimizing the root mean square of pump beam radius in the laser crystal. It is found that the focal thermal lens and key design parameters are dependent on the gain medium characteristics and pump beam properties as well. By considering the Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinate and Top-Hat pumping profile, an analytical formula has been derived to introduce the thermal focal length in the end-pumped lasers. A formula is also presented to relate the requirements of pump source to the gain medium properties for working laser at the design point.     

聚丙烯酸酯泡沫密度均匀性的射线检测技术

低密度泡沫材料大多存在一定程度的密度不均匀性，这对其后续使用性能将带来不良影响。文中简述了ICF靶用聚丙烯酸酯泡沫的制备方法，并利用β射线和X射线检测技术，对直径为mm量级的低密度聚丙烯酸酯泡沫柱进行密度分布表征。研究结果表明:泡沫柱沿轴向的密度分布比较均匀，而沿径向呈内低外高分布，形成了明显的密度梯度。实验表明:射线检测技术测量靶用低密度泡沫的方法可基本满足目前的实验要求，但密度分辨率和空间分辨率还有待进一步提高。     

衍射理论对局域空心光束及无衍射光束重建的描述

利用衍射理论导出了局域空心光束的传输表达式及光强分布,给出了局域空心光束的精细结构,详细分析了其演变过程。讨论了聚焦透镜的焦距f对径向暗域最大尺寸及轴上暗域长度的影响。结果表明,径向暗域最大尺寸及轴上暗域长度都随着f的增大而增大。通过轴棱锥-透镜系统获得局域空心光束,用体视显微镜和CCD照相机组成的系统拍摄光束强度分布。结果表明应用衍射理论可以较精确地描述局域空心光束的演变过程。找出了其应用中的不利因素,更清晰地展现无衍射光束的重建现象。这种描述方法弥补了几何理论和干涉理论的不足。     

Influence of astigmatism and defocusing on the focusing of a singular beam

Using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral, the intensity distribution and encircled energy of a singular beam at the focal plane of a lens, has been numerically evaluated in the presence of astigmatism and defocusing. Study has been made for two values of topological charge. The aberration results in flattening of dark core and the effect is more pronounced for beam with double topological charge. Twofold symmetry in intensity distribution is observed for selected values of defocusing. The results have been verified by the optical transfer function (OTF) approach.     

强流离子束流聚焦状态的数值模拟

结合空间电荷透镜的原理图以及离子束流的磁流体运动方程对离子束流聚焦状态进行了理论研究。采用层流非碰撞模型数值计算了离子束流不同初始半径以及不同入射角的束流出射角、焦距以及最小焦斑半径。理论分析了能散度、色散像差等因素对束流最小焦斑半径的影响。在离子束流遵循能量和角动量守恒的原则下,对不同入射角度的离子束流的束流最大半径进行了模拟计算。研究表明,束流入射角度增大,会聚角和最小焦斑半径减小,焦距增大。束流半径增大,会聚角、焦距和最小焦斑半径都增大。最佳会聚角所在的平滑区域内束流的发散度以及能散度对最小焦斑半径的影响较大。束流发散度或者能散度的增加,都能导致最小焦斑半径的增大。入射角度绝对值相同的束流,束流最大半径相同。     

相关参数对长距离近似无衍射光束质量的影响

利用光线追迹法分析了会聚透镜焦距及会聚透镜与轴棱锥的距离等相关参数对双轴棱锥产生的长距离近似无衍射光束传播距离的影响,运用Mathcad对其进行了数值模拟。结果显示:在其他条件不变的情况下,近似无衍射光束的传播距离随会聚透镜焦距的增大而减小,随会聚透镜与轴棱锥之间距离的增大而增大。通过实验对理论进行了验证,所得结果与理论分析相吻合。     

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The ion beam focused state is studied theoretically by combining the schematic of the charge lens in space and the magnetohydrodynamics equation of the ion beam. The theory applies laminar flow of non-collision model to calculate a series of parameters, such as the initial radius, the emergence angle, the focal length and the minimum radius of the focal spot. The effects of energy divergence and dispersion differs on the minimum radius of the focal spot are analyzed theoretically. Finally, in line with the principles of the conservation of energy and angular momentum, the maximum radius of the beam in view of different incidence angles of the ion beam are calculates. The results show that with the increase of incident angle, the confluence angle and the minimum radius of the focal spot will reduce, and the focal length will increase. Besides, when beam radius increases, the parameters above will increase. The minimum focal spot radius, within the smooth area, is in close relationship to the energy divergence and the divergence. The larger energy divergence and the divergence become, the larger the focal length will be. Besides, beam divergence with the same incidence angle will show common character on the maximum radius.     

Influences of pump beam distribution on thermal lensing spherical aberration in an LD end-pumped Nd:YAG laser

A numerical investigation is made on the thermal lensing and spherical aberration effect in an LD end-pumped Nd:YAG laser. Based on the finite element method (FEM), the laser rod temperature distribution is calculated and the focal length of the thermal lens is deduced, the influences of pump beam on the thermal lensing spherical aberration are mainly studied. The results show the thermal lens which focal length varied with the radial coordinate r is not an ideal lens. Given the heat dissipation boundary conditions, the radial dependent focal length will be shortened when the pump power raised or the waist radius of the pump beam reduced, meanwhile the radial differences of the focal length will decrease when the pump power increased. For a Super-Gaussian profile pump beam, the higher the exponent number, the more similar to flat top the pump beam is, and the less the radial differences of the focal length are.     

Error propagation in laser beam spatial parameters

We have performed a propagation-of-errors analysis on two methods used to determine the spatial parameters of a laser beam. We measured diameters of a diode laser beam focused by a 993 mm focal length lens. Measurement uncertainties of less than 1% can result in uncertainties greater than 200% in locating the beam waist of the laser. We compare the inherent uncertainties in the spatial parameters as obtained by the two methods. Longer focal length lenses and lens position can reduce this magnification of uncertainty, but would require large propagation distances.     

非相干光纤组束激光的光束质量分析

为了提高非相干光纤组束激光的光束质量,对影响光束质量的诸参数进行了分析。理论分析和数值计算结果表明,离焦量ε、透镜焦距f、组束阵列宽度W以及由光栅引入的角偏移θ_B是影响组束激光光束质量的重要因素。提出了一种采用双光栅组束结构抑制角偏移θ_B的方法。该结构仅适用于远场发散角θ_0与θ_B量级相当的情况。     

Focusing of a vortex carrying beam with Gaussian background by a lens in the presence of spherical aberration and defocusing

Diffraction pattern formed by a lens for a vortex containing truncated beam with Gaussian background, and in the presence of spherical aberration and defocusing has been studied by Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral. For the study, two different values of topological charge are selected. Compensation of aberration in the presence of appropriate value of defocusing is investigated. Presence of spherical aberration results in an increase in the size of the dark core of the diffraction pattern. Results are also presented for the encircled energy. Some results are also presented for the influence of truncation parameter of the beam, on the point spread function at different observation planes.     

高库仑量大电流两电极气体火花开关研究

设计了一个两电极气体火花开关，开关的主体部分仅包括阴极、阳极两个主电极，以及金属外壳和绝缘支撑外壳，两电极结构取消了触发极，消除了由于触发极烧蚀影响开关寿命的问题。开关设计工作电压23 kV，单脉冲能量1.2 MJ，峰值电流300 kA，单次脉冲电荷转移量110 C。初步试验阶段开关工作电压达到15 kV，开关的通流180 kA，电荷转移量为47.85 C。开关触发性能可靠，电极烧蚀均匀。     

基于光学离焦量的致冷型长波变焦红外成像系统冷反射效应的分析与控制

衡量镜面冷反射大小的主要指标在于其对后向反射光线的在探测器靶面的聚焦程度,目前使用一阶参量yni进行量化,不足之处在于没有和具体的透镜参数和系统参数相联系,对于冷反射优化指导作用不大。定义了新的参量光学离焦量对反射光线的散焦进行量化,推导给出了其与镜面曲率半径、通光孔径、其后成像面位置、其前透镜组焦距和系统视场角等设计参数的关系式,分析总结了光学设计中降低冷反射的方法。利用光学离焦量对一个制冷型长波变焦红外光学系统进行了冷反射分析,并计算了各反射面的冷反射引入等效温差(NITD)。分析了NITD主要贡献面的冷反射成因,并进行了针对性的优化,优化后系统变焦部分的NITD减小了50%,而固定透镜组的冷反射下降了75%左右,结果表明光学离焦量对于制冷型红外系统的冷反射优化具有明显的指导作用。     

激光直接驱动聚变球靶初始辐照均匀性分析

采用Ｓｋｕｐｓｈｙ－Ｌｅｅ（Ｓ－Ｌ）球谐模分解方法，按一个简化的物理模型，对激光直接驱动聚变中不同束－靶条件下的靶面初始辐照不均匀度的均方根偏差进行了数值计算，由此分析了在光束完全对称排布的多光束辐照系统中，光束截面光强分布，聚焦透镜Ｆ数，离焦参数（靶心室焦距离与靶丸半径之比），光束数这几个主要因素对辐照的均匀性的影响。     

球差透镜聚焦部分相干光束获得局域空心光束

基于Collins公式,研究了空间相干度为零阶贝塞耳函数的部分相干光通过球差透镜后在几何焦平面附近的光强分布情况.研究表明,通过改变部分相干光的光谱相干度,球差系数可以得到平顶光束和局域空心光束.球差系数决定了最佳聚焦点的位置.当球差系数为正时,最佳聚焦点随着球差系数的增大向远离透镜的方向运动,甚至超过几何焦点;当球差系数为负时,最佳聚焦点随着球差系数绝对值的增大向靠近透镜方向移动.另外,在正负球差绝对值相等时,光强分布以几何焦点相对称.     

Changes in the intensity distribution and polarization of non-uniformly polarized beams focused by a spherically aberrated lens with annular aperture

Based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and beam coherence polarization (BCP) matrix formulation, the focusing properties of a type of non-uniformly polarized (NUP) beam through a spherical aberrated lens with annular aperture are studied. The dependence of focal shift, intensity distribution, power in the bucket (PIB) and degree of polarization on the spherical aberration coefficient, obscure ratio and polarization parameters is illustrated numerically. The focusing of NUP beams by a spherically aberrated lens with circular aperture is treated as a special case, where the inner radius of the aperture is equal to zero.     

Molecular lens of the nonresonant dipole force

A cylindrical molecular lens is formed by focusing a nanosecond IR laser pulse. Trajectories of a CS2 molecular beam deflected by the lens are traced using the velocity map imaging technique. The characteristic lens parameters including the focal length, minimum beam width, and distance to the minimum-width position are determined. The laser intensity dependence of the parameters is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Exciting possibilities for molecular optics and a new type of optical chromatography are opened up.