干涉成像光谱仪中宽谱段傅氏光学系统设计

设计了一种宽谱段前置光孔远心光学系统,其孔径光阑位于透镜组的焦面上,该设计集宽谱段自动复消色差、长工作距、前置光孔及远心等特点于一体. 讨论了这样一种特殊光组的设计. 选用国产牌号的光学玻璃配对,价格低廉且在校正色差后,自动校正宽谱段二级光谱,并实现了透镜组两侧同时具有长工作距. 设计结果表明,光学系统的残余二级光谱很容易控制在千分之一焦距以内,波面平行差小于0.000 22弧度.     

Optical low-coherence reflectometry for complete chromatic dispersion characterization of few-mode fibers

A phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) technique is demonstrated to simultaneously measure the absolute chromatic dispersion values of each guided LP mode of a few-mode fiber. We show that the OLCR technique requires only short samples of fiber (<1 m) and has no need for high-ratio mode converters to reach an accurate wavelength-dependent group delay evolution of every mode. As an example we present for the first time to our knowledge a direct and complete analysis of few-mode fibers with high, low, positive, and negative modal dispersion values, leading to chromatic dispersion parameters in good agreement with theoretical predictions.     

Closed-loop aberration correction by use of a modal Zernike wave-front sensor

We describe the practical implementation of a closed-loop adaptive-optics system incorporating a novel modal wave-front sensor. The sensor consists of a static binary-phase computer-generated holographic element, which generates a pattern of spots in a detector plane. Intensity differences between symmetric pairs of these spots give a direct measure of the Zernike mode amplitudes that are present in the input wave front. We use a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator in conjunction with a 4-f system and a spatial filter as a wave-front correction element. We present results showing a rapid increase in Strehl ratio and focal spot quality as the system corrects for deliberately introduced aberrations.     

Wave Grouping of a Drifting Spiral Wave in the Presence of an External Field

The phenomenon of wave grouping, in which the dense waves and the sparse waves can form groups in front of the spiral tip when the spiral wave is meandering, has been reported in a chemical reaction system recently. We present a method to realize the phenomenon of wave grouping by applying an external field to the system. The numerical simulations are carried out on the basis of the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations.     

渡越辐射及其在北京自由电子激光置束测中的应用

在北京自由电子激光器装置的性能改进中,采用了基于渡越辐射的电子束诊断方法。描述了渡越辐射应用于电子束参数测量的基本理论,介绍了BFEL中利用渡越辐射进行的实验方案,并报导了初步的结果。     

Nanodomain shock wave in near-field laser–material interaction

In this work, molecular dynamics simulation is conducted to explore the shock wave phenomena in a nanodomain in near-field laser–material interaction. A large system consisting of over 800,000 atoms is studied. The work focuses on the kinetic and physical properties of the disturbed gas compression driven by the high speed movement of the molten particulates ejected from the solid target in a nanodomain. The quick interaction between solid and gas atoms compresses the gas and forms a steep shock wave front, which moves at a supersonic speed. The fast compression of gas also induces a steep interface of density, temperature and pressure distribution, which is viewed as typical characteristics of nanoscale shock waves. Evolutions of shock wave front position, velocity and Mach number are also explored and show quick decay during wave propagation.     

使用相位共轭光精密测量粗糙面物体的振动振幅

提出了一个用于测量粗糙面物体振动振幅的自抽过相位共轭干涉仪,粗糙面反射光的波前失真由相位共轭修复,用这个干涉仪屯一个有粗糙表面的不锈钢片的振动幅分布。     

新型风成像干涉仪温度补偿理论研究

简述了高层大气风场被动式遥感探测的基本原理;论述了新型风成像干涉仪宽场、消色差、温度补偿理论,针对目前国际上采用的风成像干涉仪补偿方法的不足,从理论上进行了分析与讨论,给出了四层介质的优化补偿理论和方案.模拟结果表明,该补偿可完全理想地消去单色光的温差,且复色光的温差补偿要比现有的方法提高1—2个量级.该研究为设计宽场、消色差、温度补偿的新型风成像干涉仪和提高风场探测精度提供了重要的理论依据和实践指导.     

The pure-shear mode solidly mounted resonator based on c-axis oriented ZnO film

In this paper, we fabricate a pure-shear mode film bulk acoustic resonator based on c-axis oriented ZnO film. The resonator is consisted of an in-plane electrode, a highly c-axis oriented ZnO film and a SiO₂/W Bragg reflector. The shear mode wave is excited by the lateral electric field. The resonator works in a pure-shear mode with the resonance frequency near 1.5 GHz and the Q-factor of 479 in air. There is no obvious longitudinal mode resonance in the frequency response, which can be explained that the electric field component normal to the surface is very weak and the Bragg reflector has the effective frequency selectivity for the shear mode. Importantly for sensors, the immersion into de-ionized water and glycerol liquid still allows for a Q-factor up to 335 and 220, respectively. This resonator shows the potential as mass loading sensors for biochemical application.     

基于模糊控制的自适应光学校正技术

自适应光学中普遍采用的比例-积分-微分(PID)控制严格依赖于变形镜的响应模型,响应模型的标定非常繁琐且性能容易随时间和温度而漂移.采用模糊控制摆脱了对变形镜响应模型的依赖,通过波面的快速重构,从波面中提取波面评价指标,将该评价指标及其微分作为模糊PID控制器的输入.选择模糊输入和输出论域的隶属度函数,设计出模糊规则库,通过模糊推理、解模糊等过程,对PID控制器的3个参数即比例kp、积分ki和微分kd进行模糊自整定,实现了自适应控制.采用高速数字信号处理器(DSP)设计了硬件验证测试平台,通过该平台的测试,证明该方法有效可行,在不需要变形镜响应矩阵的前提下,能够将光斑的衍射极限倍增因子β值从10—12校正到3—4,与传统的PID控制基本一致,但稳定性更好.因无需标定,故降低了变形镜的安装要求.     

A model of plastic deformation front

A self-consistent nonlocal hydrodynamic approach was used to develop a self-consistent model of the high-rate deformation of a condensed medium in a mode transient between the elastic and hydrodynamic limits, a process accompanied by the synergetic formation of new structures and by the establishment of an informatics control closed loop between the dynamics of the internal structure of the medium and its macroscopic response. The structures formed in the transient mode can be classified as belonging to the mesoscale level (intermediate between the micro-and macroscopic levels), for which continuum mechanics is inapplicable. For the problem of propagation of a wave initiated by a high-speed impact on a solid target, an approximate semianalytical solution capable of describing the wave front transformation associated with the evolution of the internal structure was obtained.     

Low-frequency horizontal acoustic refraction caused by internal wave solitons in a shallow sea

The effect of internal wave solitons on the sound field generated by a point source in a shallow sea is considered. In the framework of the theory of “horizontal rays and vertical modes,” the sound field pattern governed by the aforementioned hydrodynamic effect is investigated. It is shown that solitons can induce time-periodic focusing and defocusing of horizontal rays propagating at shallow angles to the internal wave front. This may result in the formation of “dynamical” horizontal sound channels, which, in its turn, results in considerable temporal fluctuations of the field along the acoustic track oriented along the internal wave front. For the sound field calculations, an approach is developed on the basis of the parabolic approximation in the horizontal plane and the mode representation in the vertical direction. The results obtained can be used for remote monitoring of internal wave packets in a shallow sea.     

Optimization of the wave front of high order harmonics

We present a full optimization of the high harmonics wave front owing to the use of a soft X-ray Hartmann sensor. The sensor was calibrated using a high harmonic source with an accuracy of λ/50 root-mean-square (rms) with λ around 30 nm. We observed a high harmonic wave front of λ/7 rms, which is two times the diffraction-limit, astigmatism being the dominant aberration for every condition of generation. By clipping slightly the unfocused high harmonic beam, it is possible to produce a diffraction-limited beam containing approximately 90% of the incident energy.     

Mach reflection bifurcations as a mechanism of cell multiplication in gaseous detonations

Detonation waves in gases are unstable and form cellular structures. The cellular structure can range from being very regular, to very irregular, where new modes are continuously formed on the front of the detonation wave. The present work addresses the mechanism of new cell formation in irregular structure detonations. Using idealized one-step chemistry calculations on sufficiently wide domains, as to avoid mode-locking, the present work reveals a novel mechanism for new mode formation in cellular detonations. The mechanism involves the creation of wave bifurcations on the front of the Mach shock following triple shock collisions. The numerical simulations reveal that these new triple points, through further reflections with pre-existing modes in asymmetric cells, can give rise to cell multiplication. Parameters favourable to this mechanism were found in good correlation with parameters leading to irregular cellular structures, as observed in previous experiments.     

Cellular Cell Bifurcation of Cylindrical Detonations

Cellular cell pattern evolution of cylindrically-diverging detonations is numerically simulated successfully by solving two-dimensional Euler equations implemented with an improved two-step chemical kinetic model. From thesimulation, three cell bifurcation modes are observed during the evolution and referred to as concave front focusing, kinked and wrinkled wave front instability, and self-merging of cellular cells. Numerical research demonstrates that the wave front expansion resulted from detonation front diverging plays a major role in the cellular cell bifurcation, which can disturb the nonlinearlyself-sustained mechanism of detonations and finally lead to cell bifurcations.     

用数字干涉仪测量变形镜影响函数的实验研究

分析了变形反射镜面形影响函数的意义，鉴于自适应光学系统中波前探测大都以测量波前斜率为基础的特点，提出应研究斜率影响函数，并在此基础上构成波前复原矩阵。还介绍了用数字干涉仪测量变形镜影响函数的方法和结果，并对测量结果进行了分析，得到了影响函数的各种参数，例如：交连值，高斯指数，特征宽度等。并将干涉法测量斜率影响函数的结果与实际的哈特探测器的测试结果进行了比较。     

Spatial Light Modulator Based on Surface Plasmon Polaritons for Chromatic Display

A spatial light modulator （SLM） based on surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） that can generate chromatic pattern is demonstrated. The device is composed of a waveguide with a thin silver film and an active material. The simulated results show that the SLM can modulate the intensity of three different wavelengths at the same time and combine a colour picture in the image surface. The SLM also owns the characteristics of high sensitivity, high contrast, fast time response etc. This means that the SLM is promising in the chromatic display.     

Weak Nonlinearity of Ablative Rayleigh--Taylor Instability

The weakly nonlinear regime of single mode ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability is studied, with consideration of preheat effect and the width of the ablation front. The Rayleigh-Taylor linear growth rate agrees well with the direct numerical simulation. For the density perturbation, the amplitude distribution of the fundamental mode has one peak value whereas those of the second and third harmonics have two and three peak values, respectively. Harmonics generation versus wave number is also given and it is close to the result of direct numerical simulation.     

Parameter measurement of the cylindrically curved thin layer using low-frequency circumferential Lamb waves

The characteristic parameters of a cylindrically curved thin layer include its elastic constants, thickness and curved radius. A layer is considered thin if the echoes from the front and back surfaces of the layer cannot be separated in the time domain, and/or that the wave arrivals corresponding to longitudinal and shear wave part cannot be identified in the time or space domain. This paper describes a low-frequency circumferential Lamb wave method to characterize those parameters of a cylindrically curved thin layer. The technique is based on the measurement of circumferential Lamb wave phase velocity and the unknown parameter is estimated through minimizing the mean square error obtained by comparing theoretical and experimental phase velocities. The sensitivity and accuracy of the proposed technique to different parameters are analyzed. Using the present technique, a cylindrically curved thin layer with thickness down to ten percent of the longitudinal wavelength can be successfully measured with an average relative error less than two-percent in our experiment.     

Formation of linear momentum in a rod during a laser pulse–matter interaction

Recently, we developed an optodynamic experimental technique that makes it possible to measure the linear momentum obtained by a metal target sample in the shape of a rod during a nanosecond laser pulse interaction in the ablative regime. The height of the rod’s rear end axial step-like displacement, caused by the first reflection of the laser-generated ultrasonic wave, is proportional to the linear momentum acquired by the rod. In comparison with commonly used ballistic methods, we can determine the acquired momentum on a much shorter time scale corresponding to the wave transition time, from the front to the rear end of the rod. Using this method we investigated the ambient air pressure dependence on the formation of linear momentum over a laser intensity range, from the ablation threshold to values about ten times higher. Steel rods of various diameters were used to demonstrate the effect of an expanding blast wave which delivers additional momentum to the target, when the laser beam on the target surface is smaller than the target itself. The typical value of the acquired target momentum is on the order of μN s and 10 μN s/J for the momentum coupling coefficient.