1-(2-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯与锌的显色反应及其应用

研究了 1 (2 羟基 3,5 二硝基苯基 ) 3 [4 (苯基偶氮 )苯基 ] 三氮烯 (HDNPAPT)与锌(Ⅱ )的显色条件。在乳化剂OP存在下的氢氧化钠介质中 ,在 5 2 5nm波长处 ,锌与HDNPAPT形成稳定的 1∶2的红色配合物 ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε52 5=9.15× 10 4 L·mol- 1·cm- 1,锌 (Ⅱ )浓度在 0～ 10 μg/ 2 5ml范围内符合比耳定律。方法已应用于人发、面粉中微量锌的测定 ,结果满意     

1-[2,3,5-三氮唑偶氮]-5-甲基-2-苯酚的合成及其与镍显色反应研究

合成了 1 [2 ,3,5 三氮唑偶氮 ] 5 甲基 2 苯酚 (TZAMP) ,并研究了它与镍的显色反应。在pH6的邻苯二甲酸氢钾 NaOH缓冲介质中 ,镍 (Ⅱ )与该试剂形成络合物 1∶1的红色络合物 ,λmax=5 33nm ,ε=4 0 5× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,镍量在0mg/L～ 1 2mg/L范围内服从比耳定律     

方波吸附溶出伏安法同时测定水中痕量铜和镉

报道了应用方波吸附溶出伏安法 (OSWSV)同时测定Cu(Ⅱ )和Cd(Ⅱ )。在 0 .0 1mol·L- 1酒石酸钾钠 2 .0× 10 - 4mol·L- 1水杨醛肟溶液中 (pH 11.75 ) ,Cu(Ⅱ )和Cd(Ⅱ )分别与水杨醛肟形成的络合物均产生非常灵敏的还原波 ,峰电位分别为 - 0 .5 5 6V和 - 0 .70 4V (vs.Ag/AgCl以下均同 )。峰电流与Cu(Ⅱ )、Cd(Ⅱ )浓度分别在 9.0× 10 - 74 .0× 10 - 8mol·L- 1和 2 .0× 10 - 6 6 .0×10 - 8mol·L- 1范围内呈线性关系 ,检出限均为 1.0× 10 - 8mol·L- 1。该法用于同时测定水样中痕量Cu(Ⅱ )和Cd(Ⅱ ) ,所得结果满意。通过对该体系的初步研究 ,Cu(Ⅱ )、Cd(Ⅱ )与水杨醛肟形成的络合物的还原峰具有明显的吸附性。     

新显色剂meso—四（3—氯—4羟基—5—甲氧基苯基）卟啉与Pd（Ⅱ）的显色反应

研究了meso 四 (3 氯 4 羟基 5 甲氧基苯基 )卟啉 [T(3Cl 4H 5MOP)P]与Pd(Ⅱ )的显色反应。在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)与乳化剂OP存在下 ,在pH 2 .0的Britton Robinsin广泛缓冲介质中 ,Pd(Ⅱ )与T(3Cl 4H 5MOP)P形成 1∶1的稳定配合物 ,其最大吸收峰位于 4 2 2nm处 ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε4 2 2 =4 .78× 10 5L·mol- 1·cm- 1,钯量在 0～ 8.0 μg/ 2 5ml范围内符合比耳定律。应用此法测定催化剂中的痕量Pd(Ⅱ ) ,结果满意。     

粉煤灰中痕量汞的催化光度法测定

在 p H3.5乙酸 -乙酸钠缓冲溶液中痕量汞 ( )对 K4[Fe( CN) 6 ]与 4 ,7-二苯基 -1 ,1 0 -邻菲 口罗啉 ( BPT)显色反应有催化作用 ,加入硫脲能提高其灵敏度 ,显色程度与 Hg( )量在一定范围内呈线性相关。借此建立测定痕量 Hg( )的分光光度法。实验表明 ,有色溶液的最大吸收波长为 535nm,摩尔吸光系数为 4 .5× 1 0 6 L·mol- 1· cm- 1 ,催化程度与 Hg( )量在 0 .0～ 2 .0 μg/ 50 m L范围内符合比耳定律 ,选择性较好。结合萃取分离 ,本法可用于测定粉煤灰中的痕量汞。     

新显色剂2,6-二羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与镉的显色反应的研究和应用

合成了新试剂 2 ,6 二羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯 ,并研究了在TritonX 10 0存在下其与镉的显色反应。在 1mol·L-1氨水中Cd(Ⅱ )与显色剂生成 1∶3的稳定红色配合物 ,最大吸收波长为5 2 0nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.97× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1,Cd(Ⅱ )在 0～ 18μg 2 5ml范围内符合比耳定律 ,方法有较高的选择性。用于废水中微量镉的直接测定 ,结果满意     

催化光度法测定粉煤灰中微量锰

粉煤灰作为电厂排放的废物在农业方面有广泛的应用。据文献 [1]介绍 ,粉煤灰中含有一些微量元素 (如锰 )对作物生长有利 ,但其含量如超过临界值会导致作物死亡 ,必须对其准确测定。目前锰光度法测定中 ,催化光度法测定锰已有报道[2～ 4 ] 。本文研究在ｐＨ 9.2 5的氨 氯化铵缓冲溶液中 ,利用痕量Ｍｎ(Ⅱ )催化Ｈ2 Ｏ2 氧化水杨醛肟 (ＳＡＯ)的显色反应测定锰。本法具有较高选择性和灵敏度 ,且操作较简便 ,可准确地测定粉煤灰样品中的微量锰。1　试验部分1.1　主要试剂与仪器Ｍｎ(Ⅱ )标准储备液 :1.0ｇ·Ｌ- 1,用时稀至 0 5 μｇ·ｍｌ- 1…     

溶剂浮选三元缔合物光度法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的研究

本文利用酸性条件下,质子化的3,5 Br2 PADAP(3,5 Br2\|PADAPH3+3)能与Cr2O2-7及SCN-发生三元缔合反应生成Cr2O2-7·3,5 Br2 PADAPH3+3·SCN-,该缔合物在620nm波长处有最大吸收,且易溶于有机溶剂,建立了溶剂浮选测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)新方法。本法的灵敏度为ε620=3.1×105L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为0.5μg·L-1。测定了人发中痕量铬,结果满意。     

新显色剂对胂酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯的合成及其与Cd（Ⅱ）的显 …

合成了对胂酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯并对其与Cd(Ⅱ)的显色反应进行了初步研究。在pH 10．5的碱性介质中,在Triton X-100存在下,试剂与Cd(Ⅱ)的显色反应有较高灵敏度,摩尔吸光系数ε472=9．1×104L·mo1-1·cm-1,在0～10μg／25 mL范围内遵守比耳定律。方法应用于分离后的井水和湖水中Cd(Ⅱ)的测定,结果满意。     

新显色剂2-[2-(6-甲基-苯并噻唑)偶氮]-5-二甲氨基苯磺酸与钯(Ⅱ)的分光光度研究及其应用

合成了新试剂2-[2-(6-甲基-苯并噻唑)偶氮]-5-二甲氨基苯磺酸,并研究了其与钯(Ⅱ)的显色反应。实验表明,该试剂与钯(Ⅱ)反应生成1:1蓝色水溶性络合物,在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)存在下可稳定24h,其最大吸收波长为615nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为7.94×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。钯量在0～0。8μg/ml范围内符合比尔定律。本法是目前测定钯(Ⅱ)的高灵敏度显色反应之一,并具有良好的选择性。可不经预分离而直接测定催化剂中微量钯,回收率为97.00％～102.1％,结果令人满意。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。