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The development and evolution of a Phase-Lock Loop (PLL) system up to the highest frequencies of Backward Wave Oscillators (BWO) is considered starting from the first submillimeter BWO PLL in 1970. Improvements and increase of working range near to Terahertz are followed. Development of the series of commercial BWO-based millimeter wave frequency synthesizers, extension of the BWO PLL beyond Terahertz as well as recent progress in fast millimeter wave frequency synthesizers are described. Applications of BWO PLL systems for physical and technical measurements are discussed and some proposals for the next generation of BWO-based synthesizers are presented. 相似文献
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Backward wave oscillators (BWOs) driven by intense relativistic electron beams are very efficient means of producing high-power microwaves. However, the efficiency of conventional BWO is lower than 30%. An X-band oversized BWO with non-uniform slow wave structure is designed to improve RF output characteristics. In particle-in-cell simulation, a high power microwave with a power of 8.0 GW and efficiency of 40% is obtained, compared with that of 30% obtained in a conventional relativistic BWO. 相似文献
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介绍了一种基于返波管(BWO)的太赫兹波成像系统。BWO连续太赫兹波成像是一种新的无损检测方法。实验过程中把样品放在X-Z二维电控平移台上进行扫描成像,透过样品的太赫兹波强度信息由热释电探测器接收,然后经过电脑成像。给出了应用0.71THz的连续太赫兹波对打孔铝板、公交卡、校园卡的内部结构和对隐藏在信封内硬币等物体和信封内纸片上的铅字迹的成像实验研究事例,并且测知该系统能够分辨出直径最小为1.5mm的小孔。这项工作揭示了使用BWO连续太赫兹波成像系统在无损检测和安全检查领域是有效的。 相似文献
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Zhaoyun Duan Yubin Gong Wenxiang Wang Huarong Gong 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2004,25(8):1175-1182
In a practical helix millimeter wave traveling-wave tube (TWT), there are always magnetic focusing system for constraining the electron beam as it passes through the interaction region and attenuator for suppressing the oscillations, including backward-wave oscillation (BWO) and improving the output power. In view of the attenuator and magnetic focusing system, a 2D linear theory is employed to analyze BWO start oscillation condition. Numerical results show that the start oscillation length of the millimeter wave TWT decreases when the start position of the attenuator is close to the input section of the slow wave structure (SWS), and that it increases with the decrease of the attenuation length or the increase of the attenuation quantity. Therefore, in order to predict the BWO accurately, we should take into the attenuator and magnetic focusing system account. 相似文献
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作为一个典型的高功率微波振荡器,过模返波管(backward wave oscillator,BWO)的束波互作用过程复杂,束流负载效应影响明显,但是作为振荡器本身,其本质就是一个正反馈电路,电子从阴极发射后,穿过谐振反射腔和慢波结构(slow-wave structure,SWS),在SWS区电子动能转化为微波能,其中的一部分微波反馈到谐振反射腔,实现对电子束的调制,其他微波通过后面输出端口向外辐射.本文根据这种正反馈机制,建立器件工作模式等效电路和束波互作用的自洽过程,从理论上给出正反馈机制对器件模式控制、起振电流等参数的影响,并模拟研究了这种反馈机制对模式控制的影响,由此设计了一个能够在(1 MV,20 kA)电子束条件下克服模式竞争的过模BWO,其微波输出功率为7.9 GW,频率为8.68 GHz,相应的效率为39.5%. 相似文献
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将矩形交错双栅结构作为慢波电路并提出与之配套的过渡结构和输出耦合器,设计了利用带状电子注工作在W波段的返波振荡器。提出的过渡结构和耦合器解决了该类直波导型器件的信号传输衰减大、反射强等难题。相对于传统圆形电子注器件,该器件得到了较大的功率提升。利用三维粒子模拟计算的方法,在电流12 mA时通过调节工作电压,在92~98 GHz频带内得到了数W的稳定平均功率输出,信号中心频率非常接近设计频率,且单色性好,谐波分量小。 相似文献
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本文的目的在于探索一种新的适用于红外热波检测技术的热激励方式——太赫兹(THz)热激励. 文中介绍了THz波周期性热激励的热传导理论模型; 尝试利用返波振荡器(返波管backward wave oscillator, BWO)太赫兹源对一块碳纤维基底吸波涂层板进行周期性THz热激励, 红外热像仪连续观测和记录试件表面温场变化, Canny边缘算法处理热图像显示缺陷; 检测结果与闪光灯脉冲激励的结果进行比较, 讨论了太赫兹波激励红外热波检测技术可能的优势. 实现了THz技术与红外热波无损检测技术的结合. 相似文献
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谐振腔反射器到慢波结构输入端之间的漂移段长度对返波管效率有较大影响,文章对该影响进行了理论分析和数值模拟。结果表明:由于谐振腔反射器对电子束的预调制作用,返波管输出功率随漂移段长度的增加而呈现多峰值现象,在选取合适的漂移段长度时,可以显著提高其微波产生的效率。在SINUS-881加速器上开展实验,在引导磁场为0.7 T,漂移段长度为4.9 cm的条件下,实验获得了功率为700 MW,频率为8.7 GHz,脉宽20 ns的微波输出,效率约14%。实验研究证实了模拟结果的正确性。 相似文献
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谐振腔反射器到慢波结构输入端之间的漂移段长度对返波管效率有较大影响,文章对该影响进行了理论分析和数值模拟。结果表明:由于谐振腔反射器对电子束的预调制作用,返波管输出功率随漂移段长度的增加而呈现多峰值现象,在选取合适的漂移段长度时,可以显著提高其微波产生的效率。在SINUS-881加速器上开展实验,在引导磁场为0.7 T,漂移段长度为4.9 cm的条件下,实验获得了功率为700 MW,频率为8.7 GHz,脉宽20 ns的微波输出,效率约14%。实验研究证实了模拟结果的正确性。 相似文献
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在2维小信号模型的基础上,分析了均匀和周期永久聚焦磁场对抑制返波自激振荡的影响。研究结果表明:改变聚焦磁场的幅值或周期来增加起振长度是可能的, 而且不会改变基波的互作用条件。与此同时,对起振长度、初始非同步速度参量随皮尔斯增益参量、空间电荷参量、损耗参量等的变化,以及在超宽带行波管中当存在两个或多个角向非对称空间谐波时,起振长度、初始非同步速度参量随周期永久聚焦磁场的变化进行了研究。优化设计聚焦磁场、电子注和螺旋线慢波系统的参量可以对螺旋线行波管的稳定性分析提供必要的依据。 相似文献
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Barreto G. Wharton C.B. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1992,20(5):493-498
A relativistic backward wave oscillator (BWO) in tandem with a traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier has been used to generate relatively long pulses of high-power X -band microwaves. In these experiments, a BWO is used to modulate the annular relativistic electron beam, which subsequently drives a TWT producing high-power microwave radiation. A special RF sever located between the two structures cuts off microwaves generated in the BWO from the TWT. Peak powers in excess of 100 MW are observed with overall beam-to-microwave efficiencies as high as 35%. By operating the BWO below saturation levels, pulse-shortening effects are minimized so that microwave pulses of duration comparable to that of the beam (100 ns) are possible. The operating frequency of the tandem system is tuned from 11 to 12 GHz by varying the effective energy of the beam 相似文献
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基于低磁场返波管振荡器的工作原理,设计了一个捷变频相对论返波管振荡器,该器件由两段对电子束参数要求基本一致的慢波结构串接而成,通过调节引导磁场强度实现器件频率的调节,使其分别工作于C波段和X波段。在电子能量和束流分别为670 keV和8 kA的条件下,当引导磁场强度为0.5 T时,采用2.5维PIC程序模拟得到频率为6.28 GHz、功率为1.0 GW的微波输出;而当引导磁场强度为0.8 T时,得到频率为9.25 GHz、功率为0.75 GW的微波输出。 相似文献
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Korovin S.D. Mesyats G.A. Pegel I.V. Polevin S.D. Tarakanov V.P. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》2000,28(3):485-495
Spontaneous pulse shortening occurring in a relativistic backward wave oscillator (BWO) at gigawatt power levels is studied in experiment and theory. It is experimentally demonstrated that this phenomenon is accompanied by formation of an explosive-emission plasma at the surface of the corrugated slow-wave structure (SWS). Termination of microwave emission is explained by the increase of the BWO starting current from the absorption of the operating electromagnetic wave by electrons emitted from the plasma, whereas the intensity of the absorption radically increases offing to the presence of positive ions emitted from the plasma. Application of oil-free vacuum and electrochemical polishing of the SWS surface in an X-band BWO allowed generation of 3-GW, 26-ns microwave pulses with an energy of ~80 J, thereby demonstrating pulse lengthening by a factor of four 相似文献