丹参中3种丹参酮的超临界二氧化碳萃取及液相分析

 用超临界CO2 流体及共溶剂乙醇萃取丹参中的 3种丹参酮 ,分别采用正交设计法和系统法考察了萃取中的主要影响因素 ;采用高效液相法 (HPLC) ,在甲醇 水 (体积比为 80∶2 0 )溶液为流动相和检测波长为 2 80nm的条件下 ,以外标法检测了萃取产物中 3种丹参酮的含量。实验得到的最佳条件为 :萃取压力 2 0MPa ;萃取温度 4 5℃ ;分离温度 35℃ ;共溶剂 95 % (体积分数 )乙醇 ;流量 1 0mL/min。建立的HPLC测定方法简便快捷 ,准确度高 ,重现性良好 ,相关系数r为 0 9994～ 0 9998,相对标准偏差RSD为 2 37%～ 3 4 7%。     

城市污水处理厂污泥中卤代甲基磺酸的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法研究

建立了测定城市污水处理厂污泥样品中5种卤代甲基磺酸的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法。通过对萃取溶剂、提取方式和萃取次数等条件进行优化,确定最佳萃取条件为:萃取溶剂为甲醇-水(体积比1∶1)混合溶液,摇床振荡提取1 h,萃取1次。在该条件下对一氯甲基磺酸(Cl-MSA)、二氯甲基磺酸(Cl_2-MSA)、三氯甲基磺酸(Cl_3-MSA)、一溴甲基磺酸(Br-MSA)和三氟甲基磺酸(F_3-MSA)的萃取效率分别为(48. 4±2. 8)%、(68. 3±0. 9)%、(81. 0±4. 8)%、(38. 0±1. 1)%和(99. 1±1. 2)%。该方法的线性范围为0. 05~50μg·kg~(-1),相关系数(r)大于0. 991,各化合物的检出限(S/N=3)为0. 003~0. 018μg·kg~(-1),定量下限为0. 010~0. 059μg·kg~(-1);对实际样品的加标回收率为73. 8%~101%,相对标准偏差为2. 3%~12. 5%,可满足污泥样品中痕量卤代甲基磺酸的分析需求。     

小量水样痕量苯酚的液-液微萃取气相色谱分析

 建立了小量水样痕量苯酚的液 液微萃取气相色谱分析法。考查了乙酸乙酯在酸和盐的作用下对苯酚的萃取性能 ,优化了萃取过程。采用FID检测器、WBI 17直接进样口和DB 1宽口径弹性石英毛细管柱 ,通过快速进样和汽化室内填装适当的玻璃棉可以得到满意的定量精密度。 8mL水样、16 0 μL乙酸乙酯、3 5 g硫酸铵可获得 1μg/L的检测下限 ,加标回收率为 95 0 %～ 98 5 % ,RSD为 2 8%～ 3 3%。     

气相法分析3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵中的微量有机杂质

 以氯仿为萃取剂 ,对 3 氯 2 羟丙基三甲基氯化铵 (CHPTMA)水溶液进行萃取 ,用气相法分析了CHPT MA溶液中的微量有机杂质环氧氯丙烷和 1 3 二氯丙醇。柱为 2m× 3mmi d 的不锈钢填充柱 ,固定相为10 %的PEG 2 0M ,载体为ChromosorbW/AW。环氧氯丙烷和 1,3 二氯丙醇的回收率分别为 97 5 %～ 10 5 0 %和93 3%～ 98 8% ,相对标准偏差分别为 11 5 %和 13 1% ,最低检测限分别为 5 0 μg/g和 10 0 μg/ g。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析肉样中盐酸克伦特罗的残留量

建立了固相萃取 气相色谱 质谱联机分析肉样中盐酸克伦特罗残留量的方法。对盐酸克伦特罗在C1 8和离子交换固相萃取柱上的保留行为进行了研究 ,发现不同浓度盐酸克伦特罗的固相萃取回收率在 75 %～ 95 %之间 ;肉样中的加标回收率在 70 %～ 83 % ;相对标准偏差在 4 .95 %～ 1 3 .4 % ;最低检出限为 1 μg kg。盐酸克伦特罗的硅烷化产物 ,采用选择离子的模式进行检测 ( 86、2 4 3、2 62、2 77) ,衍生物的峰面积与样品浓度在0 .0 0 2 5 2～ 2 .0 2mg L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,线性回归系数大于 0 .9999。     

DOLPA/AOT-异辛烷反胶束萃取-UPLC法测定倒提壶中4种生物碱的含量

建立了二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(DOLPA)/二(2-乙基己基)丁二酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)-异辛烷反胶束萃取技术结合超高效液相色谱同时测定倒提壶中天芥菜品、天芥菜碱、毛果天芥菜碱及天芥菜定含量的方法。采用单因素试验考察了表面活性剂的种类与浓度、水相p H值、盐的种类与浓度、萃取相比、萃取及反萃取时间等因素对生物碱萃取率的影响。确定最佳萃取条件为:DOLPA/AOT的总浓度为0. 6 mol/L,水相p H值为4. 0,KCl浓度为0. 2 mol/L,萃取相比4∶1,萃取和反萃取时间分别为10、30 min。在优化条件下,以乙腈-0. 2%三乙胺为流动相进行超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)梯度洗脱,可在16 min内完成色谱分析,4种生物碱色谱峰的分离度良好;天芥菜品、天芥菜碱、毛果天芥菜碱及天芥菜定4种生物碱的质量浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,检出限分别为0. 030、0. 050、0. 040、0. 020 mg/L,回收率分别为98. 2%～103%、97. 9%～102%、98. 1%～101%、97. 8%～104%,精密度、重复性及加标回收率的RSD均不大于2. 3%。该法简单快捷、灵敏准确,满足倒提壶中4种生物碱的检测要求。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相法测定酒中的甲醇和杂醇油

 采用环氧树脂作为固相涂层制作固相微萃取 (SPME)装置 ,建立了顶空固相微萃取 气相法 (HS SPME GC)测定酒精饮料中甲醇和杂醇油的方法 ,并对萃取条件和条件进行了优化。方法的检出限为 0 0 2mg/L～0 0 4mg/L ,相对标准偏差为 1 4 %～ 4 1% ;与顶空气相法相比 ,灵敏度可提高 2 0倍～ 30 0倍。将该法用于啤酒、葡萄酒和保健酒中的甲醇和杂醇油的测定 ,加标回收率为 80 8%～ 110 3% ;与顶空气相法 (国家标准方法 )进行了比较 ,相对误差不大于 7 3%。该法简便、快速、灵敏、精密度好 ,拓宽了SPME的应用范围。     

薄层色谱法分析葵花仁粕中的绿原酸

 以聚酰胺薄膜为固定相、体积分数为 36 %的乙酸溶液为流动相 ,研究建立了薄层色谱分离测定葵花仁粕中绿原酸的方法。绿原酸样品溶液上行展开 8 5cm ,其Rf 值为 0 6 1。绿原酸的检测量在 0 0 5 μg～ 0 6 μg范围内 ,其斑点的面积与绿原酸的检测量具有良好的线性关系。绿原酸的回收率为 97 5 3 % ,不同薄层板之间的RSD为2 5 7% ,最低检出限为 0 0 2 5 μg。在以体积分数为 70 %的乙醇溶液为萃取剂、搅拌振荡萃取时间为 30min的条件下 ,以该方法测定萃取液中绿原酸的含量和葵花仁粕中绿原酸的残留量 ,确定了最佳萃取次数。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定水中的16种苯脲除草剂(英文)

 建立了固相萃取 高效液相色谱 (SPE HPLC)同时测定水中 16种苯脲除草剂的方法。HPLC采用Lichrospher 10 0RP 18e柱 ,紫外检测波长为 2 40nm ,流动相为乙腈水溶液 ,流速为 1mL/min ,采用梯度洗脱方式。HPLC分析时间少于 2 0min。水中的除草剂用C18柱固相萃取富集 10 0 0倍。在优化的条件下 ,各成分的添加回收率为 87 8%～ 10 3 7%。     

分散液-液微萃取结合HPLC测定富马酸替诺福韦酯中9-丙烯基腺嘌呤

将分散液-液微萃取与HPLC结合,建立了测定富马酸替诺福韦酯中的基因毒性杂质9-丙烯基腺嘌呤的分析方法。同时对影响萃取效率的各项参数如萃取剂的种类及用量、分散剂的种类及用量、溶液体系pH、离子强度及萃取时间等进行了优化。将样品用水溶解,调节溶液至pH 9. 0,NaCl浓度为3 g/L,以300μL正庚醇为萃取剂,萃取时间为3 min,3000 r/min离心3 min,取上层进行液相分析。结果表明,9-丙烯基腺嘌呤在1. 22～366 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检测限为0. 41 ng/mL,平均回收率为96. 2%～97. 8%,RSD 1. 0%。方法满足富马酸替诺福韦酯中基因毒性杂质9-丙烯基腺嘌呤的测定要求。     

超临界流体萃取法对有机锡化合物的选择性萃取

 研究了用超临界流体萃取法直接从脂肪基质的固体样品（大豆粉）中选择性地萃取有机锡化合物的方法。模拟试样萃取结果表明：用较低压力和较高温度的超临界态ＣＯ２作流动相时，有机锡达到最大萃取率，而脂肪类物质仅被少量萃取，从而消除了脂肪类物质对超临界流体色谱法测定有机锡的干扰。     

Comparison of several extraction procedures for the determination of biopesticides in soil samples by ultrahigh pressure LC-MS/MS

A new procedure has been proposed for the determination of biopesticides (nicotine, sabadine, veratridine, rotenone, azadirachtin, cevadine, deguelin, spynosad D, and pyrethrins) and piperonyl butoxide in agricultural soils. Several extraction procedures such as solid-liquid extraction using mechanical shaking, sonication, pressurized liquid extraction, and modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) have been tested, obtaining better results when QuEChERS procedure without further cleanup steps was applied. The determination of the compounds was carried out by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, using methanol and aqueous solution of ammonium formate 5 mM as mobile phase. The method was validated for all compounds at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μg/kg and recoveries ranged from 68 to 116%, except for nicotine and sabadine, with recoveries lower than 50%. Precision was estimated through intra- and inter-day studies, obtaining intra-day precision lower than 20% for most of the compounds, and inter-day precision was lower than 25%. Limits of detection and quantification were also estimated, obtaining limits of quantification equal or lower than 10 μg/kg. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 20 real agricultural soil samples and no biopesticide residues were found over the limit of quantification.     

液态及超临界CO_2萃取八角茴香油的研究

本文用液态及超临界CO_2对八角茴香油进行了萃取研究，在萃取压力为20．0～25．0MPa的条件下，详细地考察了临界温度上下萃取温度和解析温度对出油率和油的表观相态的影响，结果表明，萃取温度越高和／或解析温度越低出油率越低；用液体CO_2萃取比用超临界CO_2萃取的出油率要高得多；萃取温度大约在318K以下或解析温度在临界温度以下时，萃取所得八角茴香油都有明显分层现象．     

Simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and specific procedure for simultaneous quantitation of chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine in human plasma has been developed and validated. Analytes were extracted from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction, separated on a Diamonsil C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) and detected by tandem mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. Diphenhydramine was used as the internal standard. The method has a lower limit of quantitation of 0.2 and 2.0 ng/mL for chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine, respectively. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation, calculated from quality control (QC) samples were below 4.3% for chlorpheniramine and below 9.5% for pseudoephedrine. The inter-day relative error as determined from QC samples was within 4.7% for each analyte. The overall extraction recoveries of chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine were 77 and 61% on average, respectively. The method was successfully applied to pharmaockinetic study of chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine in volunteers receiving formulations containing 4 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate and 60 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.     

Combined protocol for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBx) from sediments using focussed microwave assisted (FMW) extraction at atmospheric pressure

A microwave-assisted protocol has been developed using focussed microwaves at atmospheric pressure for the extraction of PAHs and PCBs from sediments. It combines extraction and purification assisted by microwaves. This protocol has been applied to the quantification of 12 individual PAHs, 8 individual PCBs and 8 PCB coeluted mixtures from two Standard Reference Materials and one natural sediment. The results for both classes of compounds (PAHs and PCBs) are good in terms of recoveries, which are always greater than 70% and in most cases around 100%. The reproducibility is also good with coefficients of variation below 10% in most cases. This protocol has the great advantage of saving time, the time dedicated to the preparation / extraction assisted by microwaves being reduced to less than half an hour.     

Combined protocol for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from sediments using focussed microwave assisted (FMW) extraction at atmospheric pressure

A microwave-assisted protocol has been developed using focussed microwaves at atmospheric pressure for the extraction of PAHs and PCBs from sediments. It combines extraction and purification assisted by microwaves. This protocol has been applied to the quantification of 12 individual PAHs, 8 individual PCBs and 8 PCB coeluted mixtures from two Standard Reference Materials and one natural sediment. The results for both classes of compounds (PAHs and PCBs) are good in terms of recoveries, which are always greater than 70% and in most cases around 100%. The reproducibility is also good with coefficients of variation below 10% in most cases. This protocol has the great advantage of saving time, the time dedicated to the preparation / extraction assisted by microwaves being reduced to less than half an hour.     

Use of superheated liquids for the extraction of non-volatile compounds from wood: liquid chromatography studies

A study of the extraction of non-volatile compounds from oak wood using superheated water-ethanol mixtures ranging from 10 to 60% ethanol is reported. Identification and characterization of the extracted compounds have been made by high performance liquid chromatography. The extraction has been performed using the static mode by single or repetitive cycles. The variables affecting the extraction process have been studied and their optimum values established (extraction time: 50 min; pressure: 40 atm; extraction temperature: 180 degrees C). The study allows comparing the non-volatile polyphenol fractions obtained in this way with those present in commercial samples with fully agreement between them. In addition, the method makes possible manipulation of the extract composition by changing the working pressure, temperature and water-ethanol ratio.     

Optimisation and comparison of microwave-assisted extraction and Soxhlet extraction for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil samples using an experimental design approach

Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from soil samples has been accomplished using an experimental design approach. Variables studied have been: percentage of acetone (v/v) in an acetone:n-hexane mixture, solvent volume, extraction time, microwave power and pressure inside the extraction vessel. Five samples of a certified soil (CRM 481) have been extracted under the optimum conditions of the developed method and the results have been compared to those obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Good recoveries (>95%) have been obtained for all the PCBs studied. All extracts have been analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and an optimum determination method for the electron impact mass spectrometric (EIMS) has also been developed.     

土豆叶中茄尼醇的高速逆流色谱法分离纯化及质谱解析

采用超微回流提取方法提取土豆叶中的茄尼醇,用高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)对粗提物中的茄尼醇进行分离纯化。以正己烷-甲醇(体积比为10∶7)作为两相溶剂系统,以其下相为流动相,上相为固定相,经过一步HSCCC从60 mg茄尼醇粗提物中分离得到了5 mg 纯度为98.7%的茄尼醇;对分离得到的茄尼醇进行大气压化学电离质谱解析,研究了茄尼醇的大气压化学电离质谱的一级电离规律和二级质谱裂解规律。     

Evaluation of solid-phase extraction and stir-bar sorptive extraction for the determination of fungicide residues at low-microg kg(-1) levels in grapes by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed for determining bitertanol, carboxin, flutriafol, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole and triadimefon. The evaluation of both atmospheric pressure interfaces (API), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray (ESI) using positive and negative ionization modes, clearly shows that the studied pesticides are more sensitive using APCI in positive mode. Two procedures based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) have been assessed for extracting these compounds in grape. The recoveries obtained by SPE in samples spiked at the limit of quantification (LOQ) level ranged from 60 to 100% with relative standard deviation (R.S.D.s) from 7 to 17%. With the SBSE the recoveries obtained from samples spiked at LOQ level were between 15 and 100% and the R.S.D.s between 10 and 19%. The LOQs of most compounds are better by SPE (0.003-0.01 mg kg(-1)) than by SBSE (0.01 mg kg(-1) for all fungicides). Although SPE provided higher recoveries, lower R.S.D.s, best LOQs and is more rapid to carry out compared with SBSE, this last one has some advantages such as lower organic solvent consumption, and cleaner extracts. Results obtained applying both techniques to real samples are analogous.