Radical addition of methyldichlorosilane to ketones

Radiation-induced reaction of methyldichlorosilane with ketones is shown to form products of radical addition to the carbonylic group. Competition kinetics method was used to determine relative rate constants of methyldichlorosilyl radical addition to some ketones.

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Radical addition of methyldichlorosilane to 1-hexene and acetylene

Radical interaction of methyldichlorosilane with 1-hexene (B) and acetylene (C) is shown to form addition products. The calculated Arrhenius parameters for the relative rate constant of the addition reaction amount to lg A_B/A_C=0.0±0.2 and E_B–E_C=–7.8±0.5 kJ M^–1.

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, 1- (B) (C) . , : A_B/A_C=0,0±0,2; E_B/E_C=–7,8±0,5 /.

     

Radical addition to vinyl sulphones and vinyl phosphonium salts

Alkyl radicals, derived from decarboxylation of carboxylic acids, add readily to phenyl vinyl sulphone and vinyl phosphonium bromide. The adducts may be further converted into a variety of useful synthetic intermediates.     

Radical addition of secondary phosphine sulfides and selenides to vinyl tellurides

The regiospecific addition of secondary phosphine sulfide and phosphine selenide to alkyl vinyl tellurides proceeds under radical initiation (AIBN, 65–70 °C, 2.5–3.5 h) to afford the anti-Markovnikov adducts, (2-alkyltellanylethyl)phosphine chalcogenides, in 86–99% yields.     

Radical polymerization of vinyl acetate with primary radical termination

Vinyl acetate was polymerized at high initiation rate with 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile) as initiator at 50°C. In this polymerization, the power dependence of polymerization rate on the initiation rate is smaller than at lower concentration of monomer. This dependence was kinetically analyzed at each given concentration of monomer. Average degree of polymerization of polymer formed depends on the concentration of initiator. This dependence was explained by considering chain and primary radical terminations and transfer to monomer of polymer radical, and the initiator efficiency (=0.503) was deduced. It was found that the chain termination is inversely proportional to solvent viscosity, but the primary radical termination is not inversely proportional to solvent viscosity. Further, the value of the primary radical termination rate constant (=1.4 × 10⁹l./mole-sec) was estimated.     

Radical addition of thiols to vinyl derivatives of 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione

It is shown that 2-vinylthio- and 1-vinyl-2-vinylthio-4,5-diphenylimidazoles readily add thiols to the double bond of the vinyl group attached to the sulfur atom. A vinyl group attached to the nitrogen atom undergoes only 7–15% thiylation; this is explained by the electron-acceptor effect of phenyl groups and also by steric factors.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1554–1556, November, 1976.     

Kinetics of competitive addition of methyldichlorosilane to 1-hexene and to acetone

The competitive addition of methyldichlorosilane (MDChS) to 1-hexene and acetone^** has been studied. The estimated relative constant is effective and depends on acetone concentration and does not obey the Arrhenius temperature equation. A possible explanation is the complexation of methlydichlorosilyl radicals by acetone molecules.

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, 1- , -, . - .

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Initiated by -irradiation of⁶⁰Co.     

Radical polymerization of vinyl acetate in individual and mixed solvents

The kinetics of polymerization of vinyl acetate in individual and mixed solvents was studied. The reaction rate constant and the rate of chain transfer in the mixed solvent were calculated, molecular weights and some adhesive characteristics of poly(vinyl acetate) obtained by the radical polymerization in solution were determined. A comparative analysis of the polymers obtained in the individual and mixed solvents was performed. It is shown that the change in the solvent composition can affect the rate of reaction and the poly-(vinyl acetate) adhesive properties.     

Markovnikov addition of vinyl acetate with azoles catalyzed by potassium tert-butoxide

A simple and efficient methodology for Markovnikov addition of azoles with vinyl acetate catalyzed by potassium tert-butoxide is described.N-heterocyclic compounds are synthesized from simple and commercially available starting materials under mild conditions in high yields.     

Radical addition to the vinyl CC bond: Quantum chemistry model of the reaction

Transition states of radical addition of C and O centered radicals to vinyl monomers were studied by MNDO UHF. Linear relationships between activation barriers and the enthalpies of addition were found in all reaction series. To expose factors of reactivity, calculated activation barriers were subjected to energy partitioning procedure, and an attempt was made to correlate those parts with monomolecular and bimolecular indexes of reactivity (such as deformation energies of monomers, CT‐energies, etc). Shown that a satisfactory 2‐parameter linear correlation can be built. Problems of PMO theory application to considered class of reactions were discussed and alternative method of calculation of CT‐energies by using monomolecular parameters proposed. Resulting scheme of reactivity applied to existing experimental data on reactivity in radical addition reactions, optimized parameters of large group of reagents tabulated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002     

Grafting reactions of vinyl acetate onto poly[(vinyl alcohol)-co-(vinyl acetate)]

The grafting preference of vinyl acetate onto the methine carbon of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) versus the acetate group of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was determined as part of an attempt to prepare novel branched PVOH from partially hydrolyzed PVAc. The results showed long chain grafting on the acetate groups of the PVAc units rather than the methine carbons of the PVOH or PVAc units. Decreasing the monomer or initiator concentration decreased the molecular weight of the graft copolymer formed. Of the initiators studied, ammonium persulfate gave the largest increase in copolymer molecular weight. Both hydrolysis and reacetylation combined with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and ¹³C-NMR of the fully hydrolyzed material were used to estimate the number and location of grafts. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Radical addition to 2-isopropenyl-5-butoxyoxazole

The preparation and the spectroscopic analysis of a dimeric adduct ( V ) obtained from 2-isopropenyl-5-butoxyoxazole ( III ) and α,α-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) ( IV ) are reported. It is noteworthy that ( III ) inhibits completely the homopolymerization of styrene. This is in strong opposition to the facile homopolymerization and copolymerization of 2-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethyloxazole with styrene. The smooth formation of ( V ) is also in sharp contrast to the lack of reactivity of ( III ) towards cationic initiators.