对一道图形平移运动问题的探究

图形的运动是综合性较强的一类数学问题,平移、旋转、翻折是中学学习中三类重要的图形运动,它们考查学生的“数形结合”“动静关联”“建立函数关系”等综合能力.笔者探究一个图形平移运动经过另外一个图形时,重叠部分的面积和周长与移动距离的函数关系.借助几何画板动态描述图形运动过程中“关节点”的变化情况,借助数形结合以及分类讨论的思想,用严谨的数学语言探究问题的函数表达式.     

平面对称图形与空间对称图形的关系

在高中新教材《对称与群》这一专题中，介绍了对称变换与对称图形，并给出了平面对称图形与空间对称图形如下的定义：     

二阶系统奇点的图形特征

直接从二阶线性系统方程的系数矩阵入手,引入特征线概念,讨论二阶线性系统奇点在原驻相空间的图形特征.得到轨线在无穷远点及原点的切线都与特征线平行(或重合)的结果.     

关注文字条件下图形的多样性

郭一鸣,徐丹萍老师的文章指出,当题设未给出图形,而需要根据文字条件作出图形时,要注意满足条件的各种情形,避免遗漏,这个提醒是非常必要的.分情况讨论(或称分类讨论)的关键是选择合适的分类标准,使分类不重不漏,文中例2的分类似有遗漏.     

非欧空间中双基本图形的度量方程及其应用

本文提出了n维球面型空间和双曲空间中双基本图形的概念,建立了球面型空间与双曲空间中双基图形的度量方程,并给出度量方程的一些应用.     

巧用构造图形法解题

所谓构造图形法就是把原来图形改变成另一种图形,使改变后的图形更能揭示问题本质,并且能把条件集中起来,从而使问题得到解决.正如G·波利亚在《怎样解题》中所说:“画一个假设图形,假设它的各个部分都满足题目条件,也许是迈出解题的重要一步.”普通高中《数学课程标准》(实验)     

图形技术分析的统计刻画

本文在Lo等(2000)研究的基础上,给出了基于局部极值点刻画的4种技术形态的数学定义,并基于局部多项式估计方法给出了这些形态的自动识别算法。应用所提出的算法对我国沪市A股进行了图形技术分析的实证研究。研究结果表明本文定义的技术形态包含一般统计意义上显著的附加信息,从而证明了图形技术分析的有效性。     

图形变换的性质及其教育价值

一、引言义务教育课程改革对几何课程体系作了较大调整,平面几何内容加大,其中"图形的变化"单独列出,并作为"图形与几何"的一个重要组成部分呈现.此外,图形变换(平移、对称、旋转)中的对称变换与旋转变换更是独立成章,并且,几何内容的编排更是有意突出让学生以图形变换的思想去探索三角形、平行四边形、圆等图     

图形覆盖问题的研究

先看一道2003年南京中考填空题：阅读下面材料： 对于平面图形A，如果存在一个圆，使图形A上的任意一点到圆心的距离都不大于这个圆的半径，则称图形A被这个圆覆盖。     

初中数学图形解题技巧的教学思考

数学学科中,几何问题是常见题型中的一种,《义务教育数学课程标准(2022年版)》将“图形与几何”作为单独板块呈现,而在教学过程中,如何培养数学图形解题技巧成为难题.本文对初中数学图形解题技巧的教学进行了分析,首先对数形结合进行了概述,随后对初中数学图形解题技巧和思路进行了分析,最后对提高初中图形解题技巧教学质量的保障措施进行了探讨.     

图形的同调类中封闭图形数量的渐近估计

In this paper we give an asymptotic expansion including error terms for the number of cycles in homology classes for connected graphs.Mainly,we obtain formulae about the coefficients of error terms which depend on the homology classes and give two examples of how to calculate the coefficient of first error term.     

Stability and accuracy for implicit semidiscretizations of hyperbolic problems

Summary In this paper we give bounds for the error constants of certain classes of stable implicit finite difference methods for first order hyperbolic equations in one space dimension. We consider classes of methods that user downwind ands upwind points in the explicit part andR downwind andS upwind points in the implicit part, respectively, and that are of optimal orderp=min (r+R+s+S, 2(r+R+1), 2(s+S)).In some cases the error constant of interpolatory methods [5] can be improved. The results are proved via the order star technique. They are further used to determine methods of optimal order that are stable.     

Higher commutators in the loop space homology of K-products

We consider a problem of calculating the loop space homology for so-called polyhedral products defined by an arbitrary simplicial complex K. A presentation of this homology algebra is obtained from the homology of the complements of diagonal subspace arrangements, which, in turn, is calculated using an infinite resolution of the exterior Stanley-Reisner algebra. We get an explicit presentation of the loop homology algebra for polyhedral products for classes of simplicial complexes such as flag complexes and the duals of sequentially Cohen-Macaulay complexes in terms of higher commutator products. We give a construction for the iteration of higher products and discuss the relationship between this problem and problems in commutative algebra.     

Homology vanishing theorems for submanifolds

We relate intrinsic and extrinsic curvature invariants to the homology groups of submanifolds in space forms of nonnegative curvature. More precisely, we provide bounds for the squared length of the second fundamental form, or the Ricci curvature in terms of the mean curvature, which force homology to vanish in a range of intermediate dimensions. Moreover, we give examples which show that these conditions are sharp.

     

Controllability and strong controllability of differential inclusions

In this paper, we prove sufficient conditions for controllability and strong controllability in terms of the Mordukhovich subdifferential for two classes of differential inclusions. The first one is the class of sub-Lipschitz multivalued functions introduced by Loewen-Rockafellar (1994) [10]. The second one, introduced recently by Clarke (2005) [18], is the class of multivalued functions which are pseudo-Lipschitz and satisfy the so-called tempered growth condition. To do this, we establish an error bound result in terms of the Mordukhovich subdifferential outside Asplund spaces.     

Classes on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces through a noncommutative Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism

Using the machinery of the Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism, we construct cohomology classes on compactifications of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces from the data of a contractible differential graded Frobenius algebra. We describe how evaluating these cohomology classes upon a well-known construction producing homology classes in the moduli space can be expressed in terms of the Feynman diagram expansion of some functional integral. By computing these integrals for specific examples, we are able to demonstrate that this construction produces families of nontrivial classes.     

Extending Persistence Using Poincaré and Lefschetz Duality

Persistent homology has proven to be a useful tool in a variety of contexts, including the recognition and measurement of shape characteristics of surfaces in ℝ³. Persistence pairs homology classes that are born and die in a filtration of a topological space, but does not pair its actual homology classes. For the sublevelset filtration of a surface in ℝ³, persistence has been extended to a pairing of essential classes using Reeb graphs. In this paper, we give an algebraic formulation that extends persistence to essential homology for any filtered space, present an algorithm to calculate it, and describe how it aids our ability to recognize shape features for codimension 1 submanifolds of Euclidean space. The extension derives from Poincaré duality but generalizes to nonmanifold spaces. We prove stability for general triangulated spaces and duality as well as symmetry for triangulated manifolds. An erratum to this article can be found at     

On compactness and cocompactness conditions for R-tors,R-pr and (big) lattices of classes of modules

We study conditions related to compactness and cocompactness for some (big) lattices of classes of modules and preradicals. Also, we give some characterizations in terms of rings and modules.     

Topological invariance of intersection homology without sheaves

In (1) Goresky and MacPherson defined intersection homology groups for triangulable pseudomanifolds and showed they were PL invariants. Then in [2] they generalized these groups to any pseudomanifold and showed they were topological invariants. These groups have generated a great deal of interest. However, [2] is difficult for many mathematicians (including this author) because it requires a familiarity with a great deal of hefty sheaf-theoretic machinery. This is too bad, because the basic ideas behind intersection homology (elucidated in [1]) are very geometric.In this paper we give a sheafless definition of intersection homology groups for an arbitrary stratified set and we give an elementary sheafless proof that they are topological invariants, i.e. independent of the stratification.In doing so, we find some new perversities whose intersection homology groups are topological invariants. Unfortunately, these new perverse intersection homology classes do not seem to intersect with anything (which is probably why they were ignored by Goresky and MacPherson). But in any case these groups are invariants of singular spaces which might be of some interest.     

Error Bounds for the Difference of Two Convex Multifunctions

In this paper, we consider error bounds for DC multifunctions (difference of two convex multifunctions) with/without set constraints. We give some Robinson-Ursescu type results in Banach spaces. Using some techniques of convex analysis, we present some results on the existence of error bounds in terms of normal cone and coderivative.