Nonlinear Kolmogorov widths

We investigate a generalization of width in the sense of Kolmogorov suitable for estimating bestm-term approximations. We generalize Carl's inequality which gives lower estimate of Kolmogorov widths in terms of entropy numbers. Application of these new inequalities gives some progress in the problem of estimating bestm-term trigonometric approximations of multivariate functions.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 891–902, June, 1998.This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DMS 9622925 and by the ONR foundation under grant No. N00014-96-1-1003.     

The von Neumann inequality for linear matrix functions of several variables

It is proved that there exist three commuting contractions in Hilbert space and a linear homogeneous matrix function of three independent variables for which the generalized von Neumann inequality is not satisfied.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 218–223, August, 1998.This research was supported by INTAS under grant No. 93-0322ext.     

Noncompact leaves of foliations of Morse forms

In this paper foliations determined by Morse forms on compact manifolds are considered. An inequality involving the number of connected components of the set formed by noncompact leaves, the number of homologically independent compact leaves, and the number of singular points of the corresponding Morse form is obtained.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 862–865, June, 1998.The author wishes to thank Professor A. S. Mishchenko for his interest in this work and stimulating discussions.This research was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 96-01-00276.     

Integral characteristics in the inverse problem of magnetotelluric sounding

This article examines some aspects of the one-dimensional inverse problem of magnetotelluric sounding. A uniqueness theorem is proved in the presence ofS-surfaces. A numerical algorithm based on transformation formulas is proposed. This research was partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 96-01-00410) and by the State Scientific-Technical Program “Future Information Technologies” (grant No. 0201.06.010). Translated from Chislennye Metody v Matematicheskoi Fizike, Moscow State University, pp. 53–66, 1998.     

On probabilities of moderate deviations of sums for independent random variables

We investigate asymptotics of probabilities of moderate deviations and their logarithms for an array of row-wise independent random variables with finite variations and finite one-sided moments of order p > 2. The range of the zone of normal convergence is calculated in terms of Lyapunov ratios constructed from the positive parts of the random variables. Bounds for probabilities of moderate deviations are also derived in the case where the normal convergence fails. Bibliography: 16 titles.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 294, 2002, pp. 200–215.This research was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 02-01-00779, and by the Program Leading Scientific Schools, grant 00-15-96019.Translated by A. N. Frolov.     

Some conic bundless

A representation of the anticanonical K3 surface of a singular pencil of conics is described. This generalizes the well-known Shokurov theorem.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 903–910, June, 1998.The author is greatly indebted to V. A. Iskovskikh, Yu. G. Prokhorov, and I. A. Chel'tsov for fruitful discussions.This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 96-01-00820 and by INTAS under grant No. 93-2805.00-00-00.     

On the separation of spectra in the analysis of Berezin kernels

The problem of restricting a highest weight representation of the group U(p, q) to the subgroup O(p, q) is considered. This restriction has an intricate spectrum that contains representations of different types. We construct a decomposition of this representation into reducible representations each of which has a single-type spectrum. Some integrals over classical groups are also calculated; these integrals generalize those of Hua. Partially supported by grant RFBR 98-01-00303 and the Russian program of support of leading scientific schools (grant RFBR 96-01-96249). Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics. Translated from Funktsional'nyi analiz i Ego Prilozheniya, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 49–62, July–September, 2000. Translated by Yu. A. Neretin     

Estimates and structure of α-harmonic functions

We prove a uniform boundary Harnack inequality for nonnegative harmonic functions of the fractional Laplacian on arbitrary open set D. This yields a unique representation of such functions as integrals against measures on D ^c ∪ {∞} satisfying an integrability condition. The corresponding Martin boundary of D is a subset of the Euclidean boundary determined by an integral test. K. Bogdan was supported by KBN grant 1 P03A 026 29 and RTN contract HPRN-CT-2001-00273-HARP. T. Kulczycki was supported by KBN grant 1 P03A 020 28 and RTN contract HPRN-CT-2001-00273-HARP. M. Kwaśnicki was supported by KBN grant 1 P03A 020 28 and RTN contractHPRN-CT-2001-00273-HARP.     

The Euler and Weierstrass conditions for nonsmooth variational problems

Necessary conditions are developed for a general problem in the calculus of variations in which the Lagrangian function, although finite, need not be Lipschitz continuous or convex in the velocity argument. For the first time in such a broadly nonsmooth, nonconvex setting, a full subgradient version of Euler's equation is derived for an arc that furnishes a local minimum in the classical weak sense, and the Weierstrass inequality is shown to accompany it when the arc gives a local minimum in the strong sense. The results are achieved through new techniques in nonsmooth analysis.This research was supported in part by funds from the U.S.-Israel Science Foundation under grant 90-00455, and also by the Fund for the Promotion of Research at the Technion under grant 100-954 and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant DMS-9200303.This article was processed by the author using the style filepljourlm from Springer-Verlag.     

Body forces equivalent to jumps of stresses and displacements in the Biot model of an anisotropic porous medium

Formulas for the body forces equivalent to given jumps of stresses and displacements in the anisotropic Biot model are obtained. Similarly to the case of elastic media, Betti's identity, the reciprocity relations, and the representation integrals for a porous media are derived first. The equivalent body forces are obtained by applying the representation integrals to a volume with surfaces of discontinuity. Some physical consequences are indicated, and examples of equivalent body forces for the isotropic Biot model are provided.Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 239, 1997, pp. 33–44.The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to V. M. Babich and L. A. Molotkov for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Soros Foundation under grant A96-378 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant 96-05-65904.     

The number of periodic solutions of polynomial differential equations

We estimate the number of periodic solutions for special classes ofnth-order ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 720–727, November, 1998. The author thanks Yu. S. Il'yashenko for setting the problems, permanent advice, and overall support. The author is also thankful to D. A. Panov for numerous discussions. This research was supported by the CRDF Foundation under grant MR1-220, by the INTAS Foundation under grant No. 93-05-07, and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 95-01-01258.     

Classical Cuts for Mixed-Integer Programming and Branch-and-Cut

We review classical valid linear inequalities for mixed-integer programming, i.e., Gomory's fractional and mixed-integer cuts, and discuss their use in branch-and-cut. In particular, a generalization of the recent mixed-integer rounding (MIR) inequality and a sufficient condition for the global validity of classical cuts after branching has occurred are derived. Work supported in part by a grant from the Office of Naval Research (N00014-96-0327). Reprinted from Math. Meth. Oper. Res. (2001) 53, 173–203.     

Asymptotics ast → ∞ of the solutions of nonlinear equations with nonsmall initial perturbations

A new method is proposed for finding asymptotics ast → ∞ of the solutions of the Cauchy problem for nonlinear evolution equations with nonsmall initial data. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 855–864, June, 1996. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 93-011-134 and by the International Science Foundation under grant No. BX000.     

Local convexity of the growth function of finitely generated groups and question 5.2 in the Kourovka Notebook

Using the group <a,b|a³=b³=(ab)³=1>, we refute the conjecture dubbed in 1976 by V. Belyaev and N. Sesekin, which maintained that the growth function σ(n) of a finitely generated group satisfies the inequality σ(n)≤(σ(n−1)+σ(n+1))/2 for all sufficiently large n. Supported by the National Research Foundation of Switzerland, and by RFFR grant No. 96-01-00974. Translated fromAlgebra i Logika, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 621–626, November–December, 1998.     

Reconstruction of Sturm-Liouville differential operators with singularities inside the interval

The inverse spectral problem for Sturm-Liouville differential operators on a finite interval is studied for an arbitrary and finite number of regular singular points inside the interval. A uniqueness theorem is proved; necessary and sufficient conditions and a procedure for the solution of the inverse problem are obtained.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 143–156, July, 1998.This research was supported by the Ministry of Education (KTsFE) under grant No. 96-1.7-4 and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 97-01-00566.     

Bahadur efficiency and local optimality of a test for exponentiality based on the Moran statistics

We study the scale-free test for exponentiality introduced by Moran. This test has been constructed as an optimal test of exponentiality against the gamma alternatives but it also may be used to test exponentiality against the IFR and DFR classes of alternatives. We obtain rough large deviation asymptotics of the test under the null hypothesis and find its Bahadur efficiency values for most commonly used alternatives to exponentiality. We also describe the local Bahadur optimality domain of the test. The large deviations theorem describes as well the asymptotic behavior of a spacings-based Darling test for uniformity under the null hypothesis. Bibliography: 9 titles.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 294, 2002, pp. 245–259.The author is heartily grateful to Prof. Ya. Yu. Nikitin for advices and comments concerning this paper.This research was supported by the Russian Fundation for Basic Research, grant 00-15-96019.Translated by A. V. Tchirina.     

Conditions for the spatial flatness and spatial injectivity of an indecomposable CSL algebra of finite width

This paper is concerned with the connection between the geometric properties of the latticeL of subspaces of a Hilbert spaceH and homological properties (flatness and injectivity) ofH regarded as a natural module over the reflexive algebra AlgL that consists of all operators leaving invariant each element of the latticeL. It follows from these results that the cohomology groups with coefficients inB(H) are trivial for a broad class of reflexive algebras. Translated fromMatemalicheskie Zametki, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 9–20, January, 1998. The author gladly expresses his sincere gratitude to A. Ya. Khelemskii and Yu. V. Selivanov for their assistance in this work. In particular, A. Ya. Khelemskii indicated how to simplify the proof of Theorem 1. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 93-01-00156, by the International Science Foundation under grant No. M95000, and by the INTAS fund under grant No. 93-1376.     

The problem of continuation with least coanalytic deviation

The problem of continuing a function from the unit circle to the unit disk so that the continuation has the least deviation from the Sobolev subspace of analytic functions is considered. A mathematical model of this problem is constructed. It is proved that the problem is well-posed.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 45–57, July, 1998.This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 96-01-00621.     

Singularity and absolute continuity of measures associated with the rotation of a circle

The problem of whether the infinite convolution of certain discrete distributions naturally associated with the rotation of a circle through an irrational angle of α is singular or absolutely continuous for different values of α is studied. Bibliography: 9 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 223, 1995, pp. 323–336. This paper is partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 94-01-00921. Translated by N. A. Sidorov.     

Modified realizability and predicate logic

Semantics of predicate formulas based on the notion of modified realizability for arithmetic formulas and interpretations of the language of arithmetic in all finite types are considered. For a number of natural constructive interpretations, the corresponding predicate logic of modified realizability is proved to be nonarithmetical. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 259–269, February, 1997. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 95-01-00416 and by the International Science Foundation under grant No. NFQ000. Translated by V. N. Dubrovsky