基于像散分解的望远镜主次镜对准方法

主次镜的对准误差是影响望远镜成像质量的主要因素。为了提高望远镜主次镜的对准精度,提出了一种基于像散分解的对准误差计算方法。该方法利用出瞳波前误差的泽尼克多项式的像散项计算出两种对准误差单独作用时的像散项的大小。以口径为1200mm的同轴反射式(RC)望远镜为对象,仿真分析了像散分解算法的特性。当主次镜光轴不共面时,像散分解算法的计算误差随着主次镜光轴间的距离增大而增大。进而给出了基于像散分解的对准误差求解方法,并进行了仿真对准。仿真结果显示,当主次镜光轴的空间距离小于0.5mm和夹角误差小于0.1°时,基于像散分解的对准算法可以迅速将对准误差降到5μm和0.5″以内。仿真分析验证了基于像散分解的对准算法的可行性。     

20单元双压电片变形镜对Zernike像差空间拟合能力的实验研究

利用20单元双压电片变形镜和13×13阵列哈特曼波前传感器所构成的闭环自适应光学系统,实验测试了双压电片变形镜对3～20项静态Zernike像差的空间校正能力,并将实验结果与仿真计算结果进行了对比.最后分析了哈特曼传感器与双压电片变形镜之间的对准误差对实验结果的影响.研究表明,除了少数几项外,双压电片变形镜对3～20项Zernike像差的拟合误差都小于0.5,各项Zernike仿真和实验结果之差平均小于0.1.计算表明,与严格对准的理想情况相比,双压电片变形镜对3～20项Zernike像差中大多数项的拟合误差都随着失配程度的增加而增大,对准精度对于高阶像差拟合效果的影响尤其严重.     

二次成形式Coude光学系统的设计、检测与装调

介绍了一台口径为1.23m光电望远镜的Coude光学系统,通过比较国内外地基大口径望远镜Coude光学系统的形式,结合实际情况,设计了以离轴非球面反射镜作为二次成像元件的Coude光学系统,并给出了相应的检测和装调的方法.经实际检测和装调对准后,对Coude光学系统的设计、检测和装调对准过程中的误差进行了分析和比较,证明了检测与装调方法的可靠性和先进性.该Coude光学系统的焦距为125m,视场为1.5′,波段为0.4~5μm,系统波像差优于λ/50(λ=0.632 8μm),实验室内检测波像差为λ/20.装调对准完成后对恒星观测,用Shack-Hartmann波前探测器测量其波前误差,得到整个望远镜Coude光学系统的波像差优于λ/4.     

Ф750mm口径望远镜光学系统的检测(英文)

为了探测更高轨道的空间目标,研制了一台通光口径为Ф750mm的望远镜.该望远镜为主焦点光学系统,由一片二次非球面反射元件和四片透射元件组成,具有大视场(4°),大相对孔径(1∶1.32)和宽光谱(500～800nm)的特点.本文以该望远镜的研制为基础,介绍了其光学系统各个元件的单独检测和系统装调完成后的整体检测方法和过程.采用样板法对系统中的球面透射元件进行了单独检测,采用透射无像差补偿器法对二次非球面反射镜进行了单独检测,采用反射无像差补偿器法对组合起来的透射校正镜组进行了检测,并且对系统装调对准之后的光学系统进行室内平行光管和室外对星观测两种方法进行检测.测量结果均满足设计要求,其中球面透镜的面形误差小于0.1个光圈,反射元件和透射元件非球面表面的面形误差均优于λ/30(λ=632.8nm),透射校正镜组的波像差优于λ/30(λ=632.8nm).光学系统整体检测结果表明,室内和室外检测结果一致,其像面的80%能量集中度直径在4°的全视场范围内均小于2个像元,达到了设计的成像要求.     

Optical Measurement of φ750 mm Telescope System

为了探测更高轨道的空间目标,研制了一台通光口径为φ750 mm的望远镜.该望远镜为主焦点光学系统,由一片二次非球面反射元件和四片透射元件组成,具有大视场(4°),大相对孔径(1∶1.32)和宽光谱(500～800 nm)的特点.本文以该望远镜的研制为基础,介绍了其光学系统各个元件的单独检测和系统装调完成后的整体检测方法和过程.采用样板法对系统中的球面透射元件进行了单独检测,采用透射无像差补偿器法对二次非球面反射镜进行了单独检测,采用反射无像差补偿器法对组合起来的透射校正镜组进行了检测,并且对系统装调对准之后的光学系统进行室内平行光管和室外对星观测两种方法进行检测,测量结果均满足设计要求,其中球面透镜的面形误差小于0.1个光圈,反射元件和透射元件非球面表面的面形误差均优于λ/30(λ=632.8 nm),透射校正镜组的波像差优于λ/30(λ=632.8nm).光学系统整体检测结果表明,室内和室外检测结果一致,其像面的80％能量集中度直径在4°的全视场范围内均小于2个像元,达到了设计的成像要求.     

微透镜阵列加工误差对光学性能的影响

研究了微透镜阵列加工误差对光学系统成像性能的影响规律,寻求利于改善光学性能的面形误差分布。对面形误差与波前像差之间的转换矩阵进行建模,使仿真与计算的波前像差达到纳米级的误差精度,选用具有正交性的Zernike多项式作为光学和机械的接口,表示加工后光学表面的面形误差,并分别作为干涉图数据引入到已设计的子眼透镜表面,量化分析不同位置下畸变、点列图、点扩展函数(PSF)、调制传递函数(MTF)的改变情况。分析结果表明相同形状分布下,面形精度峰谷(PV)值对光学系统畸变和MTF的影响呈现递变规律,并且点扩展函数的二维分布与视场位置存在明显的对应关系;相同面形精度下,向左和中心对称分布的面形误差使得畸变、点列图和MTF在一定相对位置得到改善,而降低了其他相对位置的光学性能。综合考虑各光学参数的变化情况,向右对称分布的面形误差分布对于改善光学系统成像性能有利,为实现成像质量的可控超精密加工制造提供了理论基础。     

孪生光束干涉法测量光源的空间相干性

定量测定光源空间相干性在部分相干光成像, 非相干全息术及光信息处理领域具有重要的研究价值. 本文基于三角全息干涉光路提出了一种测量光源空间相干性的新方法. 利用三角干涉全息光路系统中分束镜产生的孪生光束进行干涉获得干涉图, 通过调整光源中心位置在写入平面内偏离光轴的量, 改变两孪生光束空间分离量的大小, 采集对应的一系列干涉图, 计算干涉图样的对比度, 从而对光源照明空间的波前上一系列不同距离的点对之间的空间复相干度进行测量. 实验系统光路配置较为简单且不需要使用特殊加工的光学元件. 针对一个准单色的扩展光源设计并进行实验, 结果表明利用文中提出的方法可以准确的测量光源的空间相干性, 实验结果相对于理论计算值的误差仅为3.8%. 关键词： 相干性 全息干涉 干涉仪 光学应用     

离轴椭圆柱面镜测量方法及调整误差分析

为了实现对离轴椭圆柱面镜面形的高精度检测,提出一种无像差点法和计算全息法相结合的混合式干涉测量方法.针对离轴椭圆柱面镜的特殊面形,将由平面镜与计算全息图(CGH)高度集合而成的标准柱面镜(TC)的出射柱面波作为检测光,并将光轴移至入射一侧的椭圆焦点与离轴椭圆柱面镜中心的连线方向,以减少测量光路的相对口径.再利用椭圆的一对无像差共轭点,实现干涉测量.将离轴椭圆柱面镜作为光轴上具有6个自由度的空间刚体,推导出误差分离矩阵.从波像差理论出发,推算出调整量引起的调整误差的各部分参数,确定了干涉测量方法中的调整量.实验结果表明,该测量方法可以有效地实现离轴椭圆柱面镜形貌的测量,利用误差分离矩阵可以推导出调整误差参数,便于进一步的系统误差分析与校正.     

点衍射干涉仪中小孔衍射波面误差分析

针孔或光纤直径的大小是影响点衍射干涉仪检测精度的重要因素,在实际检测中须根据检测任务的精度要求来选择小孔的尺寸.基于标量衍射理论,仿真计算了小孔尺寸引起的衍射波面相对标准球面偏离的误差.结果表明,当小孔直径为2.5μm,数值孔径(NA)为0.3时,与小孔有关的光学系统误差峰值(PV)约为0.07 nm.仿真方法和计算结果为针对各种高精度面形检测任务而设计点衍射干涉仪和分析其精度提供了理论和数据参考.     

大型光学红外望远镜拼接非球面子镜反衍补偿检测光路设计

为了实现大口径、长焦距、批量化离轴镜面的高精度面形检验,本文提出了一种零位反衍补偿检测方案,采用计算全息和球面反射镜共同对离轴镜面法向像差进行补偿,检测光路波像差残差接近于零。检测方案为非轴对称离轴结构,设计了相应的全息对准光路,以保证检测光路装调切实可行。不同离轴量子镜检测光路参数完全一致,仅需更换相应位置计算全息片、调整待测镜空间姿态,即可实现不同类型镜面的快速批量化检验。误差分析结果表明,由补偿元件制造误差、光路失调、干涉仪面形测量重复性以及干涉仪标准球面波偏差引起的待测镜面形误差小于λ/40 (RMS值,λ=632.8 nm)。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.