人体模式静电对GaN基蓝光LED载流子运动及其可靠性的影响

对GaN基蓝光发光二极管(LED)分别施加-400,-800,-1 200,-1 500 V的反向人体模式静电打击,每次静电打击后,测量LED样品电学参数和光学参数的变化,从理论上分析了静电对LED可靠性的影响。实验发现:对GaN基蓝光LED进行人体模式下的静电打击后,其I-V特性曲线发生变形,光通量减小,老化时性能衰减的速率加快,这是由于受静电打击后在LED芯片内部产生了二次缺陷和熔融通道。对LED在不同温度下进行了I-V特性曲线的测量。实验结论认为未受静电打击的LED中浅能级离化占主导地位,受静电打击的LED中深能级离化占主导地位。静电引起的失效机理可以概述为二次缺陷和熔融通道的产生、深浅能级载流子的运动和辐射复合、非辐射复合之间的转变等因素引起的LED性能退化。     

人体模式静电放电对GaN基大功率发光二极管特性的影响

对GaN基大功率蓝光发光二极管(LED)分别施加了-200,-400,-600,-800,-1100和-1500V的反向人体模式静电打击,每次静电打击后,测量样品电学参数和光学参数的变化,研究了静电对LED可靠性的影响,并从理论上分析了相关衰减机理.结果表明,在-200,-400,-600和-800V的打击后,有明显的...     

GaN基功率LED电应力老化早期的退化特性

对InGaN/GaN多量子阱蓝光和绿光LED进行了室温900 mA电流下的电应力老化,发现蓝光LED老化到24h隧穿电流最小,绿光LED到6h隧穿电流最小;同时,两种LED的反向漏电也最小、光通量最大,随后绿光LED的反向漏电增加较快且光通量衰减较快.把热退火效应和电应力下缺陷的产生分别看成正负加速因子,绿光LED的负...     

激光诱导p-GaN掺杂对发光二极管性能改善的分析

采用激光诱导掺锌的方法提高了常规GaN基外延片p-GaN层的空穴浓度,并将它制备成小功率白光发光二极管(LED).对其光电性能做了详细的测量并进行了加速老化实验和分析.结果表明,与常规LED相比,经过激光诱导p-GaN层掺锌LED的光电性能获得了明显改善:正向工作电压VF从3.33V降到3.13V,串联电阻从30.27Ω降到20.27Ω,室温下衰退系数从1.68×10-4降到1.34×10-4,老化1600h后的反向漏电流从超过0.2μA降为不超过0.025μA,器件的预测寿命延长了41%.器件光电性能改善的主要原因是激光诱导掺锌使LED的p-型欧姆接触改善和热阻降低所致.     

电流拥挤效应与LED器件可靠性分析

对小功率GaN基白光LED的电流拥挤效应进行了研究,发现串联灯组(8只为一组)在经过22 V电压冲击后出现漏电失效现象。通过Pspice软件对串联LED灯组进行模拟,发现与其他样品相比,受损样品承受了更大的电压和功率;对器件加-2 V偏压,利用光发射(EMMI)显微镜对芯片表面不同量级漏电流进行定位分析比较,结果表明漏电流集中在p型扩展电极端点附近。分析认为,电压冲击的破坏路径穿过了LED的量子阱结构,而电流的不均匀分布造成了 p型扩展电极附近的电流拥挤,加剧了pn结的损伤程度,提高电流扩展的均匀性可以有效提高LED的可靠性。最后还对在正向电流-电压区域出现微分负阻特性的器件进行了失效分析。     

GaN基多量子阱蓝光LED的γ辐照效应

本文用4×104Ci(1Ci=3.7×1010Bq)的60Co源(剂量率2×105rad(Si)/h)对GaN基InGaN/GaN多量子阱蓝光LED进行5种剂量的γ射线的辐照实验.通过辐照前后蓝光LED的波长、色纯度、最大半峰宽(FWHM)和电流-电压(I-V)、电流-光通量(I-F)等电光学特性分析,得到γ射线对GaN基LED器件的辐照效应.结果发现,辐照后LED器件的发光一致性和均匀性变差,在20mA工作电流下,最大剂量下器件发光强度衰减近90%,光通量衰减约40%,并得到器件的抗辐照能力的参数τ0Kγ为4.039×10-7rad.s-1,发现较低的正向偏压下(小于2.6V)器件的饱和电流随辐照总剂量增大而增大.     

GaN基大功率白光LED的高温老化特性

对大功率GaN基白光LED在85℃下进行了高温加速老化实验.经6500 h的老化,样品光通量退化幅度为28％ ～33％.样品的Ⅰ-V特性变化表明其串联电阻和反向漏电流不断增大,原因可归结为芯片欧姆接触的退化及芯片材料中缺陷密度的提高.样品的热特性变化显示出各结构层热阻均明显增大,这是由散热通道上各层材料的老化及焊料层出...     

增强型AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管高温退火研究

深入研究了两种增强型AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)高温退火前后的直流特性变化.槽栅增强型AlGaN/GaN HEMT在500 ℃ N₂中退火5 min后,阈值电压由0.12 V正向移动到0.57 V,器件Schottky反向栅漏电流减小一个数量级.F注入增强型AlGaN/GaN HEMT在 400 ℃ N₂中退火2 min后,器件阈值电压由0.23 V负向移动到-0.69 V,栅泄漏电流明显增大.槽栅增强型器件退火过程中Schottky有效势垒     

n-GaN肖特基势垒光敏器件的电子辐照效应

本文主要研究了n型GaN肖特基紫外光敏器件(包括GaN肖特基势垒紫外探测器,GaN肖特基二极管)的电子辐照效应和失效机理,以及辐照后二极管对不同波长光的光敏特性的变化。从实验中观测到,随着辐照注量的不断增加,GaN光敏器件的击穿电压明显减小,反向漏电流逐渐增大。证实了辐照后Au/GaN间产生的界面态是引起GaN肖特基势垒光敏器件辐照失效的原因。另外,在研究辐照效应对GaN肖特基二管光敏特性的影响时观测到,经过一定剂量的辐照后,GaN肖特基二管能探测到380nm的紫外光和可见光,而在辐照以前,它是探测不到的。这说明辐照效应将导致肖特基势垒光敏器件对较长波长的吸收,使得UV探测器中可见光成分的背景噪声增加。     

InGaN/GaN超晶格厚度对Si衬底GaN基蓝光发光二极管光电性能的影响

采用有机金属化学气相沉积技术在Si(111)衬底上生长蓝光多量子阱发光二极管(LED) 结构, 通过在量子阱下方分别插入两组不同厚度的InGaN/GaN超晶格, 比较了超晶格厚度对LED光电性能的影响. 结果显示: 随超晶格厚度增加, 样品的反向漏电流加剧; 300 K下电致发光仪测得随着电流增加, LED发光光谱峰值的蓝移量随超晶格厚度增加而减少, 但不同超晶格厚度的两个样品在300 K下的电致发光强度几乎无差异. 结合高分辨X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对样品的位错密度和V形坑特征分析, 明确了两样品反向漏电流产生巨大差异的原因是由于超晶格厚度大的样品具有更大的V形坑和V形坑密度, 而V形坑可作为载流子的优先通道, 使超晶格更厚的样品反向漏电流加剧. 通过对样品非对称(105)面附近的X射线衍射倒易空间图分析, 算得超晶格厚度大的样品其InGaN量子阱在GaN上的弛豫度也大, 即超晶格厚度增加有利于减小InGaN量子阱所受的应力. 综合以上影响LED发光效率的消长因素, 导致两样品最终的发光强度相近.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.