Melting curve of iron under pressure

The dislocation theory of melting is generalized by considering the effect of pressure. The Kraut-Kennedy law is derived by using this generalized approach and applied to iron. The theoretical result is in good agreement with experiment     

Melting temperature of lead and sodium at high pressures

We have redetermined the melting temperature of lead and sodium as a function of pressure in a new pressure cell made up of low strength materials. Many of the anomalies reported in a prior determination of the melting curve of lead have largely disappeared. The slope of our new melting curve for lead is in close agreement with the slope computed from thermochemical data.One new curve for sodium differs only slightly from the prior published curves.     

高温高压法人造金刚石合成中工艺曲线的确定

以SPD6×2000型六面顶压机为合成设备,在高温高压条件下确定了合成金刚石的最低成核压力.采用合理的二次升压工艺方法,在暂停油压86MPa,生长油压94MPa,合成功率3500W的条件下成功地减少了劣晶的生成,合成出了晶型完整、表面平整的优质金刚石单晶.结果表明在最低成核压力点下对石墨进行再结晶的处理对合成高品级金刚石是完全必要的.     

Molecular dynamics study for the melting curve of MgO at high pressure

Shell-model molecular dynamics method is used to study the melting temperatures of MgO at elevated temperatures and high pressures using interaction potentials. Equations of state for MgO simulated by molecular dynamics are in good agreement with available experimental data. The pressure dependence of the melting curve of MgO has been calculated. The surface melting and superheating are considered in the correction of experimental data and the calculated values, respectively. The results of corrections are compared with those of previous work. The corrected melting temperature of MgO is consistent with corrected experimental measurements. The melting temperature of MgO up to 140GPa is calculated.     

Melting of copper and nickel at high pressure: the role of d electrons

Melting curves of Cu and Ni were measured in the laser-heated diamond cell to 97 GPa (3800 K) and 60 GPa (2970 K), respectively. The temperatures of Cu are in good agreement with recent theoretical calculations. The Cu melting slope (dT/dP) is about 2.5 times steeper than for Ni. The present results confirm the key role d-shell electrons play in determining the temperature dependence of high pressure melting curves in transition metals that have filled or partially filled d electron bands.     

Melting and lattice dynamics of sodium at high pressures. Ab initio quantum molecular-dynamics analysis

The melting and lattice dynamics of sodium are studied by quantum molecular dynamics simulation, i.e., with allowance for anharmonicity, at pressures up to 1 Mbar and temperatures up to 1000 K. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data and our earlier calculation performed ab initio in the quasi-harmonic approximation. The simulation results demonstrate that anharmonic interactions weakly affect the melting curve and the phonon frequencies of Na up to near-melting temperatures.     

Triple point on the melting curve and polymorphism of nitrogen at high pressure

Raman spectra of solid and fluid nitrogen to pressures up to 120 GPa and temperatures up to 2500 K reveal that the melting line exhibits a maximum near 70 GPa, followed by a triple point near 87 GPa, after which the melting temperature rises again. Fluid nitrogen remains molecular over the entire pressure range studied, and there is no sign of a fluid-fluid transition. Solid phases obtained on quenching from the melt above 48 GPa are identical to the recently discovered iota and zeta' phases. We find that kinetics plays a major role in the experimentally observed phase changes and account for the metastability of various crystalline molecular phases and the existence of an amorphous single bonded eta-N.     

Melting of metallic hydrogen at high pressures

The Lindemann equation was used to calculate the melting of metallic hydrogen. It is shown that, after transition from the molecular dielectric phase to the atomic metallic phase, hydrogen becomes a quantum liquid because of the atomic zero-point vibrations. The phase diagram of hydrogen is unique in that the molecular phase is the only solid phase of hydrogen.     

Melting line of hydrogen at high pressures

The insulator to metal transition in solid hydrogen was predicted over 70 years ago but the demonstration of this transition remains a scientific challenge. In this regard, a peak in the temperature versus pressure melting line of hydrogen may be a possible precursor for metallization. However, previous measurements of the fusion curve of hydrogen have been limited in pressure and temperature by diffusion of hydrogen into the gasket or diamonds. To overcome this limitation we have used an innovative technique of pulsed laser heating of the sample and find a peak in the melting line at P=64.7+/-4 GPa and T=1055+/-20 K.     

Melting curve of black phosphorous

The melting curve of black phosphorus has been determined up to 5 GPa by a high-pressure high-temperature X-ray system using synchrotron radition. The curve has a maximum at 1 GPa and joins the orthorhombic-rhombohedral phase boundary at a triple point around 2.7 GPa and 900°C.     

Thermodynamic properties of lithium,sodium, and potassium at high pressure

The Gibbs thermodynamic potential is constructed for Li, Na, and K in the lattice vibration approximation with the aid of the Krasko-Gurskii model pseudopotential. The isothermal modulus of volume elasticity and its pressure derivative are calculated. Compression values are calculated from the equation of state d/d =0. The results obtained agree well with experiment.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 91–97, February, 1978.     

Melting of aluminum nitride at atmospheric nitrogen pressure

Experimental results on the melting of aluminum nitride heated by an electric arc burning in a nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 0.2–0.3 MPa are presented. A qualitative explanation of the dissociation suppression mechanism under arc heating is proposed. It has been shown that the suppression is possible at atmospheric pressure due to the photoactivation of aluminum on the sample surface by resonant radiation of aluminum vapors present in the electric arc.     

氯化钠晶体在高温高压下热物理参数的分子动力学计算

用分子动力学方法和优化的Tosi-Fumi有效两体势函数计算了NaCl晶体温度从298?K到773?K的等温压缩线和体积模量、热膨胀系数和格临爱森系数等热物理参量.计算结果表明，NaCl晶体在温度从298?K到1073?K、压力从0到80?GPa范围内的格临爱森系数γ=γ ₀(V/V₀)^q的近似公式成立，且q≈1078. 关键词： 分子动力学计算 格临爱森系数 氯化钠晶体     

Melting of dense sodium

High-pressure high-temperature synchrotron diffraction measurements reveal a maximum on the melting curve of Na in the bcc phase at approximately 31 GPa and 1000 K and a steep decrease in melting temperature in its fcc phase. The results extend the melting curve by an order of magnitude up to 130 GPa. Above 103 GPa, Na crystallizes in a sequence of phases with complex structures with unusually low melting temperatures, reaching 300 K at 118 GPa, and an increased melting temperature is observed with further increases in pressure.     

Al、Cu、Ta高压熔化曲线的理论计算

由位错熔化理论和不同的静高压实验数据优化的体模量(B0)、剪切模量(G0)及它们对压力的一阶偏导数(B′0、G′0)值计算了Al、Cu、Ta的高压熔化曲线.理论计算的Al、Cu高压熔化曲线与静、动高压实验值较为吻合,Ta的理论高压熔化曲线与动高压实验结果一致,但与静高压实验结果相差较大.     

Raman scattering studies on phase transition in barium sodium niobate at high pressure

Phase transition in barium sodium niobate at high pressure is investigated by Raman scattering experiments. Polarized Raman spectra from polished single domain crystal plates of definite orientation are obtained under pressure produced by a diamond anvil device. Anomalous hardening and intensity decrease of 32 cm^-1B₂ mode are found with increasing pressure. A remarkable pressure dependence of the frequencies of the bending modes of NbO₆ octahedrons is observed.     

Melting curve of MgO from first-principles simulations

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory, both with the local density approximation (LDA) and with generalized gradient corrections (GGA), have been used to simulate solid and liquid MgO in direct coexistence in the range of pressure 0 < or = p < or = 135 GPa. The calculated LDA zero pressure melting temperature is T(LDA)m = 3110 +/- 50 K, in good agreement with the experimental data. The GGA zero pressure melting temperature T(GGA)m = 2575 +/- 100 K is significantly lower than the LDA one, but the difference between the GGA and the LDA is greatly reduced at high pressure. The LDA zero pressure melting slope is dT/dp approximately 100 K/GPa, which is more than 3 times higher than the currently available experimental one from Zerr and Boehler [Nature (London) 371, 506 (1994)]. At the core mantle boundary pressure of 135 GPa MgO melts at Tm = 8140 +/- 150 K.     

Chemical kinetics at high pressure

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance to include pressure as a kinetic parameter in the elucidation of inorganic reaction mechanisms. These studies have specially led to a better understanding and a systematic classification of solvent exchange and ligand substitution reactions of octahedral complexes of transition metal elements. The mechanistic picture for substution reactions on square planar complexes is well established and involves a concurrent bimolecular attack by solvent and the nucleophile on the substrate with a considerable discrimination among different entering groups. The search for factor promoting the conversion of the normal associative mode of activation into a dissociative process has then attracted much attention. Two attempts to induce dissociation, as studied by high-pressure NMR, are presented: one is to prevent the formation by means of sterically hindered ligands, the other one is to promote bond weakening at the leaving group.