一种改进的Sobel梯度函数自动对焦评价算法

传统的自动对焦梯度函数评价算法在对细胞显微图像进行对焦时,由于对焦精度不佳,图像受噪声的影响较大。针对此问题,通过对不同对焦评价函数性能进行对比,提出了一种基于Sobel梯度函数改进的自动对焦评价算法——Sobel4direction_Brenner梯度函数算法。对对焦评价技术设计指标和算法的通用性进行了验证,结果表明:在调焦时该算法较传统对焦梯度函数能更好的抑制噪声,并且使电机在爬山算法的搜索对焦中具有更小的对焦搜索区间范围,获得的细胞显微图像的清晰度评价值也更高。     

基于对焦深度法的光学显微镜系统设计

针对传统显微镜采用手工对焦方式存在自动化程度低、对焦过程较慢且对操作者经验要求高的问题,提出一套基于对焦深度法的光学显微镜系统。结合基于图像处理自动对焦的显微镜通用结构,设计了一套由ARM开发板、触控液晶显示屏、Arduino UNO开发板、红外对管、工业数码显微镜及步进电机等组成的光学显微镜系统。结合触控液晶显示屏的特点,设计出结合不同大小的感兴趣区域对焦窗口选择方法,并在采用常见梯度函数作为图像清晰度评价函数及爬山搜索算法的基础上,提出容错改进方法。实验分别对不同的图像清晰度评价函数及对焦窗口大小进行了实时性、灵敏度及容错性能测试。结果表明,该系统具有较高的可靠性。     

SUSAN清晰度评价函数在自动对焦中的应用

为了满足自动对焦系统的实时性与抗噪性要求,提出了一种基于SUSAN算子的清晰度评价函数。该函数利用SUSAN边缘提取算子的算法简单、准确度高、抗噪性强的特点,对SUSAN算子边缘检测函数进行改进,将边缘点的USAN值的平方和作为清晰度评价值,并将其运用到自动对焦算法中。将该函数与几个经典的清晰度评价函数进行性能比较,实验结果表明：对于引入噪声前后的图像序列,基于SUSAN算子的清晰度评价函数均具有良好的单峰性、无偏性和较高的灵敏度;对于256×256的对焦窗口图片,该函数在TMS320C6416硬件平台上的运行时间仅为16 ms。该函数能够满足清晰度评价函数的单峰性、无偏性、高灵敏度等基本特性,同时具有良好的实时性与抗噪性。     

基于最小各向同性小波滤波的图像清晰度识别

提出了基于最小各向同性小波滤波的图像清晰度识别方法,对二维最小各向同性小波滤波提取图像特征进行了研究.直接将原始图像通过带通小波滤波器G0获得图像边缘信息,结合图像能量分析,建立了基于小波滤波的图像清晰度评价函数.利用构建的显微镜自动对焦实验平台,比较分析了基于小波滤波和拉普拉斯的评价方法.实验结果表明,采用基于各向同性小波滤波的自动对焦算法有更好的综合自动对焦性能.     

数字对焦光场成像清晰度评价方法研究

结合光场成像数字对焦空间域算法和频率域算法的区别,分别提出了适用的图像清晰度评价方式,并进行了仿真实验分析.空间域评价方法根据评价区域缩小图像重构数据量,频率域评价方法则将评价函数嵌入到图像重构过程中,改进后的方法相对传统方法提高了速度.     

免散瞳眼底照相机中粗精结合自动聚焦方法

自动聚焦是免散瞳眼底照相机的一项关键技术,在分析眼底照相机成像原理及眼底图像特点的基础上,提出了一种应用于免散瞳眼底照相机的粗精结合自动聚焦方法。提出结合眼底图像视场特点的内接正方形固定聚焦窗口选择方法,并结合Robert梯度函数实现粗聚焦。采用基于局部信息熵的自动聚焦窗口选择算法得到精聚焦中的聚焦窗口,并提出基于9pixel×9pixel尺寸泽尼克正交矩的图像清晰度评价函数实现精聚焦。实验结果表明该方法中基于内接正方形的固定聚焦窗口选择方法具有更好的稳定性,精聚焦中的图像清晰度评价函数具有更高的灵敏度与实时性。     

数字对焦光场成像清晰度评价方法研究

结合光场成像数字对焦空间域算法和频率域算法的区别,分别提出了适用的图像清晰度评价方式,并进行了仿真实验分析.空间域评价方法根据评价区域缩小图像重构数据量,频率域评价方法则将评价函数嵌入到图像重构过程中,改进后的方法相对传统方法提高了速度.     

基于饱和像素剔除的自动对焦评价函数

对含光源等过亮区域场景的自动对焦较为常见,这些区域导致了图像像素的饱和,然而所提出的现有的评价函数适用于一般场景,无法适用于像夜景光源的场景。针对这一问题,通过分析饱和像素在离焦过程中的特性,提出了一种去除饱和像素的图像清晰度评价方法,且其可以用于评估包含光源或者过亮区域场景的图像质量。通过对大津法进行修改得到对焦窗口二值图,并利用形态学膨胀手段扩展饱和像素区域,以防止其在离焦过程中产生弥散,得到去除饱和像素区域的模板,将其作用于梯度信息矩阵,计算得到去除饱和像素影响的平均梯度值作为自动对焦评价函数。通过多组离焦序列图测试了所提出的评价函数,并与其他4种常用的评价函数进行比较,结果表明,此自动对焦评价函数适用于含有光源等过亮区域场景的拍摄,具有良好的无偏性、单峰性、稳定性且覆盖范围较广。     

基于区域对比度的图像清晰度评价算法

高效、准确的图像清晰度评价是实现自动调焦的关键。在分析了现有图像清晰度评价方法优缺点的基础上,提出了一种基于图像区域对比度的清晰度评价新方法,建立和分析了评价函数的数学模型,并对航空摄像机采集的系列图像进行实验和仿真。与其他算法比较的结果表明:该方法具有精确度高、对比度明显等优点,能够应用于实际的图像清晰度评价和自动对焦中,克服了单纯依靠计算灰度差带来的不足,具有较高的实用性和可靠性。     

焦距测量中线纹清晰度评价函数的研究

当自动对焦用于玻罗板线纹等方向性强的目标时，线纹方向的不确定性导致一些清晰度函数的鲁棒性降低甚至无法找到对焦位置。针对上述问题，通过Hough直线检测得到离焦线纹的角度，构建一种基于Hough变换的线纹清晰度评价函数，该函数的灰度算子垂直于线纹，对线纹方向变化具有较强的鲁棒性。为了比较线纹方向对清晰度函数性能的影响，对5组不同角度的线纹图像进行评价，得到清晰度曲线，并引入平缓区标准差等参数对曲线进行定量评定。实验结果表明，与传统的评价函数相比，基于Hough变换的评价函数的平缓区均值减小59.85%，标准差减小46.05%，对焦偏差减小92.63%，平均运行时间减少36.37%，镜头焦距的相对误差减小62.12%。     

基于自动对焦技术的透镜曲率半径检测

为实现光学透镜曲率半径的快速准确测量,设计了一种基于自动对焦技术的非接触式透镜曲率半径测量方案。测量系统分别在被测透镜表面的顶点位置和曲率中心位置自动对焦,系统所记录的两个位置之间的距离即为曲率半径。针对透镜曲率半径检测应用,对自动对焦技术进行了改进:将连通区域提取技术应用于定位目标图像,提高了清晰度评价函数的灵敏度;利用均值比较法和三点法改进了传统爬山搜索策略。实验结果表明:基于自动对焦技术的透镜曲率半径检测是有效的,测量误差低于0.196%,测量重复性好于0.109%。该方法已经成功应用于透镜曲率半径测量仪。     

Design and experimental validation of novel optics-based autofocusing microscope

This study designs and characterizes a novel precise optics-based autofocusing microscope with both the large linear autofocusing range and the rapid response. In contrast to conventional optics-based autofocusing microscopes with centroid method, the proposed microscope comprises two optical paths, namely one optical path which provides a short linear autofocusing range but an extremely high focusing accuracy and a second optical path which achieves a long linear autofocusing range but a reduced focusing accuracy. The two optical paths are combined using a self-written autofocus-processing algorithm to realize an autofocusing microscope with a large linear autofocusing range, a rapid response, and a high focusing accuracy. The microscope is characterized numerically using commercial software ZEMAX and is then verified experimentally using a laboratory-built prototype. The experimental results show that compared to conventional optics-based autofocusing microscopes with centroid method and a single optical path, the proposed microscope achieves both a longer autofocusing range and a more rapid response with no reduction in the focusing accuracy. Overall, the results presented in this study show that the proposed microscope provides an ideal solution for automatic optical inspection and industrial applications.     

数字同轴全息颗粒场检测中的颗粒分割识别与独立聚焦

针对数字同轴全息颗粒场检测中不同层面颗粒的自动聚焦问题,通过分析颗粒场数字同轴全息记录与再现的特点,提出一种颗粒分割识别与独立聚焦方法.给出了对单个颗粒进行聚焦判断的独立聚焦判据函数、以及实现颗粒分割识别和独立聚焦的方法.通过单层单个、两层两个及多层多个颗粒场的实验,验证了所提出方法的正确性.     

Analysis of complex axis control loop in satellite laser communications

Satellite laser communication involves communications between GEO satellites and LEO satellites. The optical link can be built by the accurate pointing and tracking, which often employs the combination effect of coarse pointing assembly and fine pointing assembly. In order to achieve this goal with double rotated wedged-plate lenses and fast steering mirror that perform the scanning function of the coarse pointing assembly and the fine pointing assembly, mathematic model of transfer function of control loop is obtained by analyzing the total control loop for such complex axis. One can also get the optimized programs between coarse and fine pointing assembly.     

显微数字全息数值再现中的自动聚焦

自动聚焦是显微数字全息数值再现中的一项关键技术。基于菲涅耳变换重建算法, 采用实验验证的方法, 对显微数字全息成像中六种典型聚焦评价函数的性能进行了对比研究。提出了利用再现像部分区域进行调焦判断的方法。结果表明, 这些函数都具有较好的单峰性、一致的调焦范围和准确性, 但与梯度运算相关的调焦函数运算时间太长; 傅里叶频谱函数调焦速度最快, 是首选的聚焦评价函数。选取再现像部分区域作为调焦计算区域, 可大大缩短调焦时间。对于低信噪比全息图, 利用维纳自适应滤波进行预处理及对再现像进行后处理, 有利于提高自动调焦的准确性及再现像的质量。     

粘性不可压流的变分多尺度数值模拟

在变分多尺度的理论框架内,将待求解的各个物理量分解到"粗"、"细"两种尺度上.在"细"尺度上采用"泡"函数作为近似函数,通过Petrov-Galerkin方法得到"细"尺度上的近似解;然后引入求解"粗"尺度方程所需的稳定项及与其相适应的稳定化因子;最后运用有限元方法求解"粗"、"细"两种尺度耦合的整体变分多尺度方程,得到有限元近似解.数值算例表明,该处理方法成功地消除了数值求解粘性不可压Navier-Stokes方程过程中,由对流占优和速度-压力失耦引起的数值伪振荡;所引入的稳定化因子适用于结构网格及非结构网格上的数值计算.     

A novel adaptive synchronization algorithm for intermediate frequency architecture CO-OFDM system

An adaptive algorithm of fine synchronization for intermediate frequency architecture coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) transmission system is proposed. The whole synchronization procedure is separated into two steps. In the first step, we use an auto-correlation-style algorithm to achieve the coarse symbol synchronization. In the second step, the proposed algorithm is used to achieve the adaptive fine synchronization. The merit of the proposed algorithm is that it can realize fine synchronization under different environments without adjusting the detect-threshold of timing metric in a dynamically reconfiguration network. And also the algorithm can implement in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other digital signal processing (DSP) chips easily. In this paper, the CO-OFDM model is analyzed in theory firstly. Secondly, an analysis on the performance of coarse synchronization algorithm used in this paper is made. Finally, the proposed fine synchronization algorithm is introduced in detail. The simulation experiment result demonstrates that the proposed algorithm achieves fine synchronization under different signal noise ratio (SNR) conditions after 6 fiber-spans transmission.     

Improved optimization strategies for autofocusing motion compensation in MRI via the analysis of image metric maps

Autofocusing is a postprocessing technique for motion correction, which optimizes an image quality metric against various trial motions. In this work, image metric maps, which are measures of image quality plotted as a function of in-plane 2-D trial translations, are systematically studied to develop improved autofocusing motion correction algorithms. It is shown that determining object motion with autofocusing is equivalent to an image metric map optimization problem. These maps provide insights into the motion compensation process and help improve several aspects of the correction algorithm, including the selection of the image metric and motion search strategy. A highly efficient and robust 2-D global optimization method is devised, exploiting the properties of the metric map pattern. The improved algorithm is used to correct phantom and clinical MR images with in-plane 2-D translational motion and is shown to be more effective than existing methods.     

Sixth order compact scheme combined with multigrid method and extrapolation technique for 2D poisson equation

We develop a sixth order finite difference discretization strategy to solve the two dimensional Poisson equation, which is based on the fourth order compact discretization, multigrid method, Richardson extrapolation technique, and an operator based interpolation scheme. We use multigrid V-Cycle procedure to build our multiscale multigrid algorithm, which is similar to the full multigrid method (FMG). The multigrid computation yields fourth order accurate solution on both the fine grid and the coarse grid. A sixth order accurate coarse grid solution is computed by using the Richardson extrapolation technique. Then we apply our operator based interpolation scheme to compute sixth order accurate solution on the fine grid. Numerical experiments are conducted to show the solution accuracy and the computational efficiency of our new method, compared to Sun–Zhang’s sixth order Richardson extrapolation compact (REC) discretization strategy using Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method and the standard fourth order compact difference (FOC) scheme using a multigrid method.     

Precise autofocusing microscope with rapid response

The rapid on-line or off-line automated vision inspection is a critical operation in the manufacturing fields. Accordingly, this present study designs and characterizes a novel precise optics-based autofocusing microscope with a rapid response and no reduction in the focusing accuracy. In contrast to conventional optics-based autofocusing microscopes with centroid method, the proposed microscope comprises a high-speed rotating optical diffuser in which the variation of the image centroid position is reduced and consequently the focusing response is improved. The proposed microscope is characterized and verified experimentally using a laboratory-built prototype. The experimental results show that compared to conventional optics-based autofocusing microscopes, the proposed microscope achieves a more rapid response with no reduction in the focusing accuracy. Consequently, the proposed microscope represents another solution for both existing and emerging industrial applications of automated vision inspection.