21世纪物理学的成就

20世纪以来，由于物理学理论的重大突破，诞生了相对论和量子论推动了以原子能、激光、通信、计算机、微电子、新型材料、基因工程、纳米技术、航天技术等为代表的现代科学技术迅猛发展，从而使物理学成为当代工程技术的重大支柱．物理知识和研究方法已渗透到各学科，成为许多新兴学科、交叉学科和高新技术产业的重要基础．进入21世纪各国都非常重视物理学的发展，取得了一系列的成果．主要表现在以下几个方面．     

为一位17世纪的科学家鸣冤

胡克，1635年7月18日生于英格兰怀特岛弗雷什沃特村，1702年3月5日卒于伦敦，他是17世纪一位深有造诣的天文学家、发明家、勘探家和建筑设计师，他曾在1666年帮助重建遭遇大火洗礼的伦敦城；他还是一位有独特见解的思想家，他提出的关于进化论的观点要比达尔文早两个世纪。     

20世纪的科学发展

 作为马克斯·玻恩的研究生,1928年我在哥丁根开始了自己的科学研究生涯。60多年来,亲眼目睹了科学的巨大发展。尽管科学的特征在很多方面发生了改变,但它探索自然的基本思想仍保持不变。     

21世纪：核物理与核技术应用的新时代

２１世纪：核物理与核技术应用的新时代从本世纪开始，核物理与核技术经历了极其深刻的革命，并在许多科学技术领域中引起深刻的变革，派生出了许多分支学科．此外，核物理与核技术和其他学科之间的渗透，又产生了许多交叉学科．可以说，２０世纪，核物理与核技术每时每刻...     

面向21世纪的微电子技术

1 引言 以微电子技术为基础、以计算机技术和现代通信技术为两翼而发展的信息科学技术，作为现代高新技术的先导，在20世纪取得了令世人瞩目的伟大成就；尤其是近30年来，由于信息科学技术的迅速崛起，极大地推动了现代工业生产技术和当代高新技术的发展．今天，信息科学与技术已渗透到国民经济的各个领域和社会生活的每一个角落，从根本上改变了人类社会生活的面貌，成了现代化生产与现代化生活的重要支柱．     

对21世纪材料研究的一些看法

２１世纪将对材料研究提出更高的要求。根据使用上的要求对材料进行剪裁与设计是材料研究的必由之路。在材料研究中必需考虑材料的可靠性、可使用性、材料的制作成本和它的市场前景。不宜放松材料的基础研究,应大力开展材料的应用研究和对现有材料的改进给予充分的重视。下一世纪值得研究的新材料是：多相复合材料、纳米材料、生物医用材料、生物医用材料、环境和能源材料以及机敏材料。     

Advance in next Century nanoCMOSFET research

It is well known that Taiwan's IC industry is in the very leading front of the world, and production of 65 nm devices was launched in 2006. Within a few years, the need of high-k dielectrics and metal gates is eminent and truly indispensable. Professor H.L. Hwang (the author) organized 12 professors and 50 graduate students of National Tsing Hua University and Chiao Tung University, and executed this particular project, which is sponsored by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of Republic of China, and is aimed at treating efficiently this problem and transferred the critical technologies to industry in a time frame of 3 years.     

第一讲进入21世纪的声纳技术

海洋开发和反潜战的需求是推动声纳技术开发的巨大动力.水声物理、水声信号处理及相关学科的发展又促使声纳设计日趋完善.文章介绍了声纳技术在进入21世纪时所面临的机遇和挑战,水声信号处理领域近期研究的热点问题以及声纳系统设计中的技术创新课题.     

Brief History of a Relativistic Century

More than one century is passed by the publication of special relativity and few less by the birth of general relativity. Despite the great experimental successes of these theories, the study of the universe, is plagued by numerous unsolved problems. For example one of the most problems in cosmology is the cosmological constant, which governs the expansion of the universe, also known as dark energy. A substantial portion, about 60%, of the mass-energy in the universe is in a form of mysterious energy that is pushing the cosmos apart at an accelerating rate. What is this energy, and where does it come from? Cosmologists have no real idea. Although given a similar name, there is another problem in cosmology, the so-called dark matter, which is actually unrelated to dark energy, except insofar as they involve things we don’t understand. About 90% of the mass in the universe is in an apparently invisible form of matter that we call dark matter. This dark matter can only be measured by the gravitational pull it has on objects around it, and all galaxies we observe contain large halos of it, often extending for hundreds of thousands of light years beyond the edge of luminous matter. Is this dark matter actual matter, such as weakly interacting massive particles, or perhaps it is just an observational artifact caused by an improper theory of gravity? Another mystery is why there is so much more matter than antimatter in the universe. According to physical theories, these forms of matter are essentially equivalent, but conventional matter is observed in much greater abundances than antimatter. In this paper we summarily introduce the principal alternative theories proposed during one century of relativity.     

核子结构研究半世纪

评述了近半个世纪来核子结构研究的主要进展,着重评述了近十年来用极化轻子深度非弹散射研究核子自旋、磁矩结构的进展.也还评述了当前核子结构研究中的重要问题. The essential developments of the nucleon structure studies in the last half century are reviewed. The nucleon spin and magnetic moment structure studies with the polarized lepton nucleon deep inelastic scattering in the recent years are specially analyzed. The important topics in the contamporary studies of the nucleon structure is discussed.     

Absolute Spacetime: The Twentieth Century Ether

All gauge theories need somethingfixed even as something changes.Underlying the implementation of these ideas all majorphysical theories make indispensable use of anelaborately designed spacetime model as the something fixed,i.e., absolute. This model must provide at least thefollowing sequence of structures: point set, topologicalspace, smooth manifold, geometric manifold, base forvarious bundles. The fine structure ofspacetime inherent in this sequence is of courseempirically unobservable directly, certainly whenquantum mechanics is taken into account. This issue isat the basis of the difficulties in quantizing generalrelativity and has been approached in many differentways. Here we review an approach taking into account thenon-Boolean properties of quantum logic when forming a spacetime model. Finally, we recall how thefundamental gauge of diffeomorphisms (the issue ofgeneral covariance vs. coordinate conditions) raiseddeep conceptual problems for Einstein in his earlydevelopment of general relativity. This is clearlyillustrated in the notorious holeargument. This scenario, which does not seem to bewidely known to practicing relativists, is neverthelessstill interesting in terms of its impact for fundamental gaugeissues.     

21世纪的激光·光学技术

德国在工业应用领域的激光技术十分先进,这受益于德国政府的长期大力支持。在 21 世纪的今天,德国政府更是制订若干投资计划,加大激光·光学技术的投资力度,促进企业界和科学界的合作,以保持和提高德国工业在世界上的竞争力。